Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Common Specs & Procedures
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
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    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
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  • Wiring Diagrams
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cruise Control
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      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 5.4L
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      • Ground Distribution
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      • Horn
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      • Power Door Locks
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      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Shift Interlock
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools - E38
      • Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft
        • 65 1 010 Test lead
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 65 2 000 Spanner
      • 65 2 100 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 65 2 400 Angle connector (5)
      • 65 5 010 Test kit
      • 65 5 400 Release bracket
      • 65 7 100 Adapter lead ZAE/MRS
      • 65 7 110 Adapter lead
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
  • Collision/Avoidance
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control Systems - Special Tools - E38
      • Distance System, Cruise Control System
        • 66 2 100 Set of tools
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
    • Park Distance Control
      • Description & Operation
        • Introduction
        • System Operation
        • Component Identification
      • Diagnosis
  • Communication Devices
    • Introduction To Bus Systems - Overview
      • Introduction to Bus Systems
        • Notes
        • Introduction to Bus Systems
        • Multiplexing
        • Bus Communication Speeds
        • Bus System Structure
        • Bus System Application
        • Diagnosis Bus (D-Bus)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Connector
            • Notes
            • Gateways
        • Controller Area Network (CAN-Bus)
          • Notes
          • CAN-Bus Operation
            • Notes
            • Terminal Resistors
          • CAN Communication Protocol
        • Information and Body Bus (I and K-Bus)
          • Notes
          • Bus System Overview
          • Troubleshooting The I/K-Bus
          • Failure Of The Bus Cable
            • Notes
            • Failure Of One Of The Control Units Attached To The I/K-Bus.
            • Failure Of The Voltage Supply To Individual Modules.
            • Interference In The Bus Cables.
          • Peripheral Bus (P-Bus)
          • Troubleshooting The P-Bus
        • M-Bus
          • Notes
          • Communication Protocol
          • M-Bus Topology
          • M-Bus Troubleshooting
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Cruise Control System
      • Description & Operation
      • Adjustments
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • Cruise Control Actuator
        • Cruise Control Switch
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Control Unit Check
          • Cruise Control Does Not Work
          • ACCEL Mode Does Not Work
          • DECELERATE Mode Does Not Work
          • System Will Not Recall Set Speed
          • Cruise Control System Does Not Turn Off
      • Removal & Installation
        • Control Unit
        • Cruise Control Switch
      • Wiring Diagram
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control Systems - Special Tools - E38
      • Distance System, Cruise Control System
        • 66 2 100 Set of tools
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools - E38
      • Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft
        • 65 1 010 Test lead
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 65 2 000 Spanner
      • 65 2 100 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 65 2 400 Angle connector (5)
      • 65 5 010 Test kit
      • 65 5 400 Release bracket
      • 65 7 100 Adapter lead ZAE/MRS
      • 65 7 110 Adapter lead
    • Entertainment & Communication - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Entertainment and Communication
        • Notes
        • Multi-Information Display
          • Notes
          • MID Self Test
          • MID Comparison
          • On Board Computer (BC)
            • Notes
            • BC Operation
              • Notes
              • Entering Time/Date
              • Reset Time
              • Reset Date
              • Programming Functions
              • Resetting Non-Programming Functions
          • Code Functions
        • Audio Systems
          • Notes
          • Radio/Tape Or CD Player
          • Multi-Information Display
          • Amplifier
          • CD Changer
          • MFL Controls
          • Digital Sound Processing
            • Notes
            • Anti-Theft Feature
            • Antenna Diversity
          • Radio Test Functions
        • Telephone Systems
  • Exterior Lights
    • Lighting Systems - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Lighting Systems
        • Notes
        • Light Check Module (LCM)
          • Notes
          • Lamp Control And Monitoring
          • Bulb Ratings
          • LCM Input Signals
          • Brake Light Switch
          • Dimmer
          • Light Switch Illumination
          • Emergency Operation
          • LCM III
            • Notes
            • Replacement Lighting
            • Output Voltage Limiting Function
            • Follow Me Home Lighting
        • Xenon Headlight Systems
          • Notes
          • LWR
          • Version Identification
            • Notes
            • Headlight Replacement Parts
          • Xenon High Intensity Discharge Bulbs
          • Phases Of Bulb Operation
            • Notes
            • Functional Description
          • Xenon Bulb Monitoring
            • Notes
            • Xenon Headlight Assembly Components
        • Headlight Beam Throw Control (LWR)
          • Overview
          • LWR Components
            • LWR Control Module - E38, E39 And E53 Vehicles
            • Level Sensors
            • Headlight Adjustment Stepper Motors
          • Functional Description
            • Notes
            • Headlight Alignment
          • LWR Diagnosis
            • Notes
            • LWR IPO
    • Lights - Special Tools - E38
      • Lights
        • 63 0 410 Adapter for LCM and GSM
      • 63 1 000 Test adapter
      • 63 1 010 Test adapter
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • Communication Systems - Special Tools - E38
      • Communication System
        • 84 1 000 Test cable for telephone BEMI TEST
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
    • Entertainment & Communication - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Entertainment and Communication
        • Notes
        • Multi-Information Display
          • Notes
          • MID Self Test
          • MID Comparison
          • On Board Computer (BC)
            • Notes
            • BC Operation
              • Notes
              • Entering Time/Date
              • Reset Time
              • Reset Date
              • Programming Functions
              • Resetting Non-Programming Functions
          • Code Functions
        • Audio Systems
          • Notes
          • Radio/Tape Or CD Player
          • Multi-Information Display
          • Amplifier
          • CD Changer
          • MFL Controls
          • Digital Sound Processing
            • Notes
            • Anti-Theft Feature
            • Antenna Diversity
          • Radio Test Functions
        • Telephone Systems
    • Instrument Cluster Electronics (IKE) - Overview - E38 & E39
      • Instrument Cluster Electronics (IKE)
        • Notes
        • Purpose of the System
        • Components
          • Notes
          • Indicator Lamps
          • LC Displays
            • Notes
            • Service Interval Indicator (SIA)
            • Total Mileage/Trip Mileage
            • Automatic Transmission Selector Position/Driving Program
          • Analog Instruments
            • Notes
            • E38 IKE I-P-O Chart (As Introduced To 9/97)
            • E38 IKE I-P-O Chart (From To 9/97)
        • Principle of Operation
          • Notes
          • Dynamic Digital Inputs
            • Distance Signal (Road Speed)
            • Engine Speed Signal
            • Injection Signal
            • Transmission Interface
            • Dimmer Signal
          • Analog Input Signals
            • Notes
            • Battery Voltage
            • Fuel Tank Level
            • Photo Transistor
            • Coolant Temperature
            • Outside Temperature Sensor
          • Digital Input Signals
            • Notes
            • Steering Column Switch
            • Brake Pad Wear Sensors
            • Oil Pressure Switch
            • Parking Brake Switch
            • Trip Odometer Reset
            • Power Supply
          • Output Signals
          • Redundant Data Storage
          • BC Test Functions (IKE E38, E39, E53)
            • Notes
            • Test No. 01
            • Test No. 02
            • Test No. 03
            • Test No. 04
            • Test No. 05
            • Test No. 06
            • Test No. 07
            • Test No. 08
            • Test No. 09
            • Test No. 10
            • Test No. 11
            • Test No. 12
            • Test No. 13
            • Test No. 14
            • Test No. 15
            • Test No. 19
            • Test No. 20
            • Test No. 21
        • Check Control
          • Notes
          • Check Control Priority Groups
            • Notes
            • Priority Group P1
            • Priority Group P2
            • Priority Group P3
            • Special Warnings
          • CC Display Procedures
            • Special Displays
            • P1 Group
            • P2 and P3 Groups
            • Reminder Symbol "> <"
            • CC Button
            • Steering Column Switch (LSS)
            • Gong
            • Check Control Priority Chart
    • Instruments - Special Tools - E38
      • Instruments
        • 62 1 210 Adapter cable ZAE/BAE (30-pin)
      • 62 1 230 Set of test leads
      • 62 1 260 Airbag test cable
      • 62 1 270 Firing device
      • 62 1 310 Adapter cable ZAE/MRS 2 (50-pin)
      • 62 1 330 Adapter lead ZAE/MRS 3(50-pin)
  • Headlights
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Lighting Systems - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Lighting Systems
        • Notes
        • Light Check Module (LCM)
          • Notes
          • Lamp Control And Monitoring
          • Bulb Ratings
          • LCM Input Signals
          • Brake Light Switch
          • Dimmer
          • Light Switch Illumination
          • Emergency Operation
          • LCM III
            • Notes
            • Replacement Lighting
            • Output Voltage Limiting Function
            • Follow Me Home Lighting
        • Xenon Headlight Systems
          • Notes
          • LWR
          • Version Identification
            • Notes
            • Headlight Replacement Parts
          • Xenon High Intensity Discharge Bulbs
          • Phases Of Bulb Operation
            • Notes
            • Functional Description
          • Xenon Bulb Monitoring
            • Notes
            • Xenon Headlight Assembly Components
        • Headlight Beam Throw Control (LWR)
          • Overview
          • LWR Components
            • LWR Control Module - E38, E39 And E53 Vehicles
            • Level Sensors
            • Headlight Adjustment Stepper Motors
          • Functional Description
            • Notes
            • Headlight Alignment
          • LWR Diagnosis
            • Notes
            • LWR IPO
    • Lights - Special Tools - E38
      • Lights
        • 63 0 410 Adapter for LCM and GSM
      • 63 1 000 Test adapter
      • 63 1 010 Test adapter
  • Horns
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
  • Infotainment
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools - E38
      • Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft
        • 65 1 010 Test lead
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 65 2 000 Spanner
      • 65 2 100 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 65 2 400 Angle connector (5)
      • 65 5 010 Test kit
      • 65 5 400 Release bracket
      • 65 7 100 Adapter lead ZAE/MRS
      • 65 7 110 Adapter lead
    • Entertainment & Communication - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Entertainment and Communication
        • Notes
        • Multi-Information Display
          • Notes
          • MID Self Test
          • MID Comparison
          • On Board Computer (BC)
            • Notes
            • BC Operation
              • Notes
              • Entering Time/Date
              • Reset Time
              • Reset Date
              • Programming Functions
              • Resetting Non-Programming Functions
          • Code Functions
        • Audio Systems
          • Notes
          • Radio/Tape Or CD Player
          • Multi-Information Display
          • Amplifier
          • CD Changer
          • MFL Controls
          • Digital Sound Processing
            • Notes
            • Anti-Theft Feature
            • Antenna Diversity
          • Radio Test Functions
        • Telephone Systems
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • Operating Fluids - Body Equipment
      • 1.0 Adhesives/Sealants for Glass
      • 2.0 Other Fluids
      • 3.0 Contact Cement
      • 4.0 Instant adhesive for rubber, metal and plastic surfaces.
      • 5.0 Loctite 380
      • 6.0 Glass Adhesive
      • 7.0 Premium Leather Care Kit
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Lighting Systems - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Lighting Systems
        • Notes
        • Light Check Module (LCM)
          • Notes
          • Lamp Control And Monitoring
          • Bulb Ratings
          • LCM Input Signals
          • Brake Light Switch
          • Dimmer
          • Light Switch Illumination
          • Emergency Operation
          • LCM III
            • Notes
            • Replacement Lighting
            • Output Voltage Limiting Function
            • Follow Me Home Lighting
        • Xenon Headlight Systems
          • Notes
          • LWR
          • Version Identification
            • Notes
            • Headlight Replacement Parts
          • Xenon High Intensity Discharge Bulbs
          • Phases Of Bulb Operation
            • Notes
            • Functional Description
          • Xenon Bulb Monitoring
            • Notes
            • Xenon Headlight Assembly Components
        • Headlight Beam Throw Control (LWR)
          • Overview
          • LWR Components
            • LWR Control Module - E38, E39 And E53 Vehicles
            • Level Sensors
            • Headlight Adjustment Stepper Motors
          • Functional Description
            • Notes
            • Headlight Alignment
          • LWR Diagnosis
            • Notes
            • LWR IPO
    • Lights - Special Tools - E38
      • Lights
        • 63 0 410 Adapter for LCM and GSM
      • 63 1 000 Test adapter
      • 63 1 010 Test adapter
  • Memory Modules
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
  • Seats
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
      • 1.0 Seat Leather Care
      • 2.0 Premium Leather Care Kit
    • Seats - Special Tools - E38
      • Seats
        • 52 0 050 Pliers
      • 52 1 000 Pin wrench for arm rest
  • Steering Column Switches
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Testing
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Combination Switch
        • Cruise Control Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Wiper Switch
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagram
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools - E38
      • Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft
        • 65 1 010 Test lead
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 65 2 000 Spanner
      • 65 2 100 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 65 2 400 Angle connector (5)
      • 65 5 010 Test kit
      • 65 5 400 Release bracket
      • 65 7 100 Adapter lead ZAE/MRS
      • 65 7 110 Adapter lead
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • Operating Fluids - Body Equipment
      • 1.0 Adhesives/Sealants for Glass
      • 2.0 Other Fluids
      • 3.0 Contact Cement
      • 4.0 Instant adhesive for rubber, metal and plastic surfaces.
      • 5.0 Loctite 380
      • 6.0 Glass Adhesive
      • 7.0 Premium Leather Care Kit
  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
  • Seats
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
      • 1.0 Seat Leather Care
      • 2.0 Premium Leather Care Kit
    • Seats - Special Tools - E38
      • Seats
        • 52 0 050 Pliers
      • 52 1 000 Pin wrench for arm rest
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Operating Fluids - Sunroof And Convertible Top
      • 1.0 Convertible Top Material
      • 2.0 Convertible Top Rear (Plastic) Window
        • Rear Window Cleaner
        • Rear Window Polish
        • Contact Cement
      • 3.0 Convertible Top Storage Lid Adhesive
      • 4.0 Convertible Top Sealing Frame Adhesive
      • 5.0 Convertible Top Hydraulic Fluid
      • 6.0 Sunroof
        • Cassette Lubricant
        • Loctite 380
    • Slide/Tilt Sunroof & Convertible Tops - Special Tools - E38
      • (Slide - Tilt Sun Roof And Convertible Top)
        • 54 3 170 Locating pins (2)
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
  • Windows
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock - Traction Control
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Unit
        • Rotation Rate Sensor (From 09/98)
        • Speed Sensors
      • Servicing
      • Bleeding Brake System
      • Programming
        • Coding Control Module (DME/DDE)
        • Programming Control Module (DME/DDE)
      • Troubleshooting
        • Notes
        • Pre-Diagnosis Inspection
      • Self-Diagnostics
        • Test Equipment
        • Repair Precautions
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • Retrieving & Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Removal & Installation
        • Abs/ASC+T/DSC Control Module From 09/98
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
          • Removal Precautions For Electronic Control Units
        • Charging Piston Unit DSC3 Up To 09/98
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Unit For Abs
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Unit (ASC+T, DSC1, DSC2, DSC3) Up To 09/98
        • Control Unit (Digital Motor Electronics, M52, M60 & M62)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Units (Digital Motor Electronics M73)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Abs Impulse Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Unit
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • PRECHARGING Pump (DSC3)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • PRECHARGING Pump DSC3 (With Charging Piston Unit)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pressure Sensor For DSC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Abs Pulse Generator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rotation Rate Sensor (DSC3) Up To 09/98
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rotation Rate Sensor (DSCS) From 09/98
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tilt Sensor (Nag)
        • Transversal-Acceleration Sensor DSC3 Up To 09/98
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wiring Harness
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brakes - Repair
      • Brake Pad Warning Light Reset
      • Description & Operation
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Basic Bleeding Procedures
        • Vehicles With Abs/ASC+T
          • Notes
          • Flush Entire Braking System
          • Bleed Rear-Axle Brake Circuit
          • Bleed Front-Axle Brake Circuit
        • VEHICLES WITH DSC 5.7 OR DSC3 FROM 09/96, 750i/iL To 09/98
      • Adjustments
        • Parking Brake
      • Troubleshooting
        • Notes
        • Symptom A: Brakes Pull To One Side
        • Symptom B: Brakes Excessively Hot While Driving
        • Symptom C: Poor Braking Effect
        • Symptom D: Brake Pedal Motion Too Soft & Spongy
        • Symptom E: Brake Pedal Travel Excessive
        • Symptom F: Uneven Pad Wear
        • Symptom G: Brake Pads Worn At Angle
        • Symptom H: Seized Brake Pads
        • Symptom I: Brakes Squeal Or Rattle
        • Symptom J: Brake Pedal Dead Travel Excessive
        • Symptom K: Jammed Piston In Brake Caliper
        • Symptom L: Pulsating Effect On Brake Pedal
        • Symptom M: Handbrake Effect Insufficient
      • Testing
        • Brake Warning Light
        • Parking Brake
        • Power Brake Booster
          • Low Pressure Test
        • Service Brake
          • Notes
          • High-Pressure Test
          • Low-Pressure Test
          • On Test Stand
        • Thickness Of Brake Lining
      • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Booster
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Booster Non-Return Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Expansion Tank
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Light Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Disc Pad
          • Removal & Installation
        • Caliper Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Disc
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Lines
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Shoes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Axle Seals & Bearings
        • Rear Axle Seals & Bearings
          • 3-Series (Except M3, M Roadster, M Coupe, 318ti & Z3)
          • M3, M Roadster & M Coupe
          • 318ti & Z3
          • 5-Series
          • 7-Series (Except 735i & 745i)
          • 735i & 745i
      • Overhaul
        • Left Or Right Front Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Special Tools
    • Brakes - Repair Instructions
      • Brake testing and bleeding
        • 34 00... General Data
        • 34 00 009 Checking brakes on test stand
        • 34 00 010 Checking thickness of brake lining
        • 34 00 017 Checking brake booster (low-pressure test)
        • 34 00 047 Bleeding brake system with ABS
        • 34 00 048 Bleeding brake system with ABS/ASC+T
          • Notes
          • Flush entire braking system
          • Bleeding rear-axle brake circuit
          • Bleeding front-axle brake circuit
        • 34 00 050 Bleeding brake system with DSC3 750i/il from 09/96 to 09/98
          • Notes
          • Flush entire brake system
          • Bleeding rear-axle brake circuit
          • Bleeding front-axle brake circuit
        • 34 00 050 Bleeding brake system with DSC3 from 09/97, 750i/iL to 09/98
          • Notes
          • Flush entire braking system
          • Bleed rear-axle brake circuit
          • Bleed front-axle brake circuit
        • 34 00 513 Checking parking brake setting (for inspection)
          • Notes
          • E46/E39/E53/E52
            • Notes
            • E38
        • 34 00 519 Checking service brake: high- and low-pressure tests
      • Front Brakes
        • 34 11... Configuration of floating caliper (front)
        • 34 11 000 Removing and installing/replacing brake linings on both front disk brakes
        • 34 11 220 Removing and installing/replacing both front brake disks
        • 34 11 519 Removing and installing or replacing left or right front brake caliper
        • 34 11 552 Overhauling left or right front-brake caliper (brake caliper removed)
        • 750i/iL and Z8
          • Right
          • Left
        • 34 11 667 Fine-grinding both sides of both front brake disks (brake disks removed)
      • Rear Brakes
        • 34 21... Layout of floating caliper (rear)
        • 34 21 200 Removing and installing or replacing brake linings on both rear disk brakes
        • 34 21 320 Removing and installing or replacing both rear brake disks
        • 34 21 745 Removing and installing or replacing left or right rear brake caliper
        • 34 21 812 Overhauling left or right rear brake caliper (brake caliper removed)
        • 34 21 947 Fine-grinding both sides of both rear brake disks (brake disks removed)
      • Master Brake cylinder
        • 34 31 181 Removing and installing/replacing expansion tank for hydraulic brake actuation
        • 34 31 500 Removing and installing / replacing master brake cylinder
      • Brake line
        • 34 32 861 Replacing all brake pipes
        • 34 32 881 Replacing front left or right brake hoses
        • 34 32 971 Replacing both rear brake hoses
      • Brake booster
        • 34 00 017 Checking brake booster (low-pressure test)
        • 34 33 051 Removing and installing / replacing non-return valve for brake booster
        • 34 33 071 Replacing vacuum hose for brake booster
        • 34 33 505 Removing and installing / replacing brake booster
      • Parking Brake
        • 34 41 006 Adjusting parking brake
        • 34 41 220 Removing and installing / replacing all brake shoes of the parking brake
        • 34 41 250 Removing and installing / replacing brake shoe expander for brake shoes of the parking brake
      • Slip Control System
        • 34 52 545 Removing and installing/replacing transversal-acceleration sensor DSC3 up to 09/98
      • Mechanical - Hydraulic Control Unit
        • 34 51 520 Removing and installing / replacing ABS hydraulic control unit
        • 34 51 525 Removing and installing or replacing ABS/ASC+T, DSC1, DSC2, DSC3 hydraulic unit up to 09/98
        • 34 51 525 Removing and installing/replacing hydraulic unit ABS/ASC+T, DSC3 from 09/98
          • Notes
          • DSC
        • 34 51 550 Removing and installing pre-boost pump DSC3
        • 34 51 550 Removing and installing/replacing DSC3 pre-charging pump (with charging piston unit)
        • 34 51 555 Removing and installing/replacing charging piston unit DSC3 up to 09/98
        • 34 51 560 Removing and installing/replacing pressure sensor for DSC
      • Electronic Components
        • 34 52 510 Replacing control unit (for ABS)
        • 34 52 515 Replacing ABS/ASC+T/DSC control module from 09/98
        • 34 52 515 Replacing control module (ASC+T, DSC1, DSC2, DSC3) up to 09/98
        • 34 52 525 Removing and installing / replacing front ABS impulse sensor
        • 34 52 535 Removing and installing/replacing rear ABS pulse generator
        • 34 52 545 Removing and installing/replacing transversal-acceleration sensor DSC3 up to 09/98
        • 34 52 550 Removing and installing/replacing rotation rate sensor DSC3 from 09/98
        • 34 52 550 Removing and installing/replacing rotation rate sensor DSC3 up to 09/98
      • Troubleshooting
        • 34 90... Troubleshooting the brake system
    • Brakes - Special Tools - E38
      • Brakes
        • 34 1 000 Extractor
      • 34 1 050 Fixture
      • 34 1 080 Bit insert
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 34 1 090 Steel wire brush
      • 34 1 200 Screwdriver socket
      • 34 1 260 Brake lining measuring gauge
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 34 1 280 Brake disc slide gauge
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 34 3 100 Brake booster tester
      • 34 3 110 Bleeder wrench
      • 34 3 150
        • Set of spanners
      • 34 3 160 Reducer
      • 34 3 170 Set of socket wrenches
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 34 3 200 Assembly fixture
      • 34 4 000 Allen key
      • 34 5 100 Bending fixture
      • 34 5 160 Socket bit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 34 5 240 V-adapter lead, 42-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 34 6 320 Lever
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
    • Brakes - Technical Data
      • Brake Testing and bleeding
        • 34 00 Testing and bleeding brakes E38
      • Front Brakes
        • 34 11 Front Wheel Brakes E38
      • Rear Brakes
        • 34 21 Rear Wheel Brakes: DiscsE38
      • Parking Brake
        • 34 41 Parking Brake E38
    • Brakes - Tightening Torques
      • Brake testing and bleeding
        • 34 00 Testing and bleeding brakes
      • Front Brake
        • 34 11 Front Brake
      • Rear Brakes
        • 34 21 Rear Brake
      • Master Brake Cylinder
        • 34 31 Brake Master Cylinder
      • Brake Lines
        • 34 32 Brake Lines
      • Brake Booster
        • 34 33 Brake Booster
      • Parking Brake
        • 34 41 Parking Brake
        • 35 11 Pedal Assembly Console
      • Slip Control Systems
        • 34 50 Antislip Control System (ABS, ASC)
        • 34 51 Slip Control System (ABS, ASC+T, DSC)
      • Mechanical - Hydraulic Components
        • 34 51 Slip Control System (ABS, ASC+T, DSC)
    • Operating Fluids - Brakes
      • 1.0 General Information
      • 2.0 Handling Brake Fluids
        • Notes
        • Caution
      • 3.0 BMW Tested And Approved Brake Fluids
      • 4.0 Brake Fluid Change Intervals
      • 5.0 Other Operating Fluids
        • Anti-Squeak/Corrosion Paste
        • Brake Cleaner Spray
    • Operating Fluids - Pedals
      • 1.0 General Information
    • Pedals - Special Tools - E38
      • Pedals
        • Notes
        • 35 0 010 Setting gauge
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
  • Anti-Lock - Traction Control
    • Identification
    • Description
    • Operation
      • Control Unit
      • Hydraulic Unit
      • Rotation Rate Sensor (From 09/98)
      • Speed Sensors
    • Servicing
    • Bleeding Brake System
    • Programming
      • Coding Control Module (DME/DDE)
      • Programming Control Module (DME/DDE)
    • Troubleshooting
      • Notes
      • Pre-Diagnosis Inspection
    • Self-Diagnostics
      • Test Equipment
      • Repair Precautions
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Notes
        • Retrieving & Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
    • Removal & Installation
      • Abs/ASC+T/DSC Control Module From 09/98
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Removal Precautions For Electronic Control Units
      • Charging Piston Unit DSC3 Up To 09/98
        • Removal & Installation
      • Control Unit For Abs
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Control Unit (ASC+T, DSC1, DSC2, DSC3) Up To 09/98
      • Control Unit (Digital Motor Electronics, M52, M60 & M62)
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Control Units (Digital Motor Electronics M73)
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Front Abs Impulse Sensor
        • Removal & Installation
      • Hydraulic Unit
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • PRECHARGING Pump (DSC3)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • PRECHARGING Pump DSC3 (With Charging Piston Unit)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Pressure Sensor For DSC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Rear Abs Pulse Generator
        • Removal & Installation
      • Rotation Rate Sensor (DSC3) Up To 09/98
        • Removal & Installation
      • Rotation Rate Sensor (DSCS) From 09/98
        • Removal & Installation
      • Tilt Sensor (Nag)
      • Transversal-Acceleration Sensor DSC3 Up To 09/98
        • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Harness
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Axle Shafts - 7 Series
      • Identification
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Removal, Disassembly, Reassembly & Installation
        • Axle Shafts
          • Removal
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Special Tools
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
      • 1.0 General Information on High Temperature Multi-Purpose Grease
      • 2.0 Approved High Temperature Multi-purpose Grease
        • Notes
        • Ball Bearings (E24 from mid 1982, E28, E30, E31, E32 and all following)
        • Tapered Roller Bearings (E23, E21)
      • 3.0 Approved Front Axle Final Drive Oils
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
      • 1.0 General Information On Final Drive Oil
        • Notes
        • Oil Additives
      • 2.0 Approved Final Drive Oils For Front And Rear Axle Final Drives With And Without Limited Slip Or Viscous Coupling
        • Notes
        • Limited Slip Differentials
          • Notes
          • Non-Limited Slip Differentials
      • 3.0 Final Drive Oil For BMW M1 Motorsport Coupe
      • 4.0 Oil Change Intervals
      • 5.0 Cars Without Service Indicator (Including BMW M1)
      • 6.0 Cars With Service Indicator
        • Notes
        • Break-In Procedures
      • 7.0 Output Shafts
      • 8.0 Wheel Bearings
        • Ball Bearings E24 (Since 5/82), E28, E30, E31, E32 And All Following
        • Grooved Ball Bearings E12, E21, E23, E24 Before 5/82
      • 9.0 Differential Housing Final Drive Covers And Housing
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
      • 1.0 General Information on High Temperature Multi-Purpose Grease
      • 2.0 Approved High Temperature Multi-purpose Grease
        • Notes
        • Ball Bearings (E24 from mid 1982, E28, E30, E31, E32 and all following)
        • Tapered Roller Bearings (E23, E21)
      • 3.0 Approved Front Axle Final Drive Oils
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
      • 1.0 General Information On Final Drive Oil
        • Notes
        • Oil Additives
      • 2.0 Approved Final Drive Oils For Front And Rear Axle Final Drives With And Without Limited Slip Or Viscous Coupling
        • Notes
        • Limited Slip Differentials
          • Notes
          • Non-Limited Slip Differentials
      • 3.0 Final Drive Oil For BMW M1 Motorsport Coupe
      • 4.0 Oil Change Intervals
      • 5.0 Cars Without Service Indicator (Including BMW M1)
      • 6.0 Cars With Service Indicator
        • Notes
        • Break-In Procedures
      • 7.0 Output Shafts
      • 8.0 Wheel Bearings
        • Ball Bearings E24 (Since 5/82), E28, E30, E31, E32 And All Following
        • Grooved Ball Bearings E12, E21, E23, E24 Before 5/82
      • 9.0 Differential Housing Final Drive Covers And Housing
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Drive Shafts & Universal Joints
      • Model Identification
      • Description
        • Drive Shafts
        • Universal Joints
      • Inspection
        • Driveline
          • Center Bearing
          • Drive Shaft
          • Engine & Transmission Mounts
          • Flexible Coupling
          • Sliding Coupling
          • Tires & Wheels
          • Universal Joints
      • Adjustments
        • Drive Shaft Phasing
        • Drive Shaft Balancing
          • Adjustment
        • Flange Alignment & RUNOUT
          • Alignment
          • Runout
        • Center Bearing Preload
      • Universal Joint Maintenance
        • Lubrication
      • Removal & Installation
        • Drive Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flexible Coupling
          • Removal & Installation
        • Center Bearing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Centering Guide
          • Removal & Installation
        • Universal Joints
      • Overhaul
        • Universal Joints
      • Torque Specifications
    • Operating Fluids - Drive Shaft
      • 1.0 General Information
    • Propeller Shaft - Special Tools - E38
      • Propeller Shaft
        • 26 1 000 Gauge
      • 26 1 030 Fixture
      • 26 1 040 Spanner
      • 26 1 070 Removal disk
      • 26 1 110 Removal disk
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 26 1 300 Inclination angle measuring device
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Central Body Electronics (ZKE III) - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Central Body Electronics (ZKE III)
        • Notes
        • Central Body Electronics (ZKE III)
        • System Components
          • Notes
          • General Module (GM)
          • Driver's Door Module And Switch Block (PM-FT/SB)
          • Passenger Door Module (PM-BT)
          • Seat Memory Module (PM-SM)
          • Sunroof Module (SHD)
            • Notes
            • ZKE Overview
        • Windshield Wiping/Washing
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Wiper Stalk Switch Input
            • Headlight Washing (If Equipped)
            • Rear Window Wiper/Washer System (E39 Wagon And E53)
        • Automatic Interval Control (AIC)
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Rain Sensor
          • Principle Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Rain Sensor Function
              • Notes
              • Rain Sensor Control Module Adaptation
              • Windshield Wiper System Fail-Safe Operation
        • Central Locking
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Driver's Door Lock
            • Luggage Compartment Lock Cylinder (Except E53/E39 Wagon)
            • Luggage Compartment Remote Unlock
            • Crash Signalling
            • Door Lock Actuators
            • E53 Door Lock Mechanism
              • Notes
              • Single lock/unlock function
              • Double Lock/Unlock Function
              • Door Contact Hall Sensor
              • Trunk Lid Close (E38) /Tailgate And Window Latching (E39/E53)
        • Remote (Keyless) Entry FZV
          • Introduction
            • Notes
            • Vehicle/Key Memory
            • Vehicle Memory
            • Key Memory
          • System Components
            • Remote Key
            • Model Year 2000 Key
        • Workshop Hints
          • Remote Key Initialization
          • LED Status (Keys Equipped With LED)
            • Notes
            • FZV Key Test
            • FZV Key Rechargeable Battery
            • FZV Key Communication Overview
          • Notes
          • Sunroof Fault Response Characteristics
          • Emergency Operation of the Sunroof
        • Anti-Theft (DWA) System
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Interior Sensor FIS (Up To 99 MY)
            • Interior Sensor UIS (After 99 MY)
            • Tilt Sensor (Liquid Type - E38/E39 To 97 MY)
            • Tilt Sensor (Electronic Type From 98 MY)
            • Glass Breakage Sensors (Early E38 - Before FIS Sensor)
            • Alarm Siren
          • Principle Of Operation
            • DWA Arming/Disarming
              • Notes
              • Panic Mode Operation
              • Emergency Disarming
              • Alarm Indication
            • DWA LED Status
        • Power Windows/Sunroof
          • Notes
          • System Components
          • E53 Style Window Switches
          • Rear Window Child Lockout Switch
          • Window Anti-Trap Detection
            • Notes
            • Power Window Overview (IPO)
          • Power Window Motors
            • Notes
            • Window Motor Limit Stop Function
          • Convenience Opening/Closing
        • Sunroof
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Sunroof Switch
            • Sunroof Motor/Module (SHD)
          • Principle Of Operation
            • Initialization
              • Notes
              • Updated SHD Module
              • Procedure
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Principle Of Operation
            • Notes
            • ON Conditions
            • OFF Conditions
          • System Components
            • Door Contacts
            • Front Seat Interior/Map Light Unit
            • Rear Seat Interior/Reading Light Units
            • Front Footwell Lights
            • Door Warning Lights (E38)
            • Illuminated Transmission Shift Indicator
            • Soft Lighting Feature
        • Visual Entry Aid (E38/E53)
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Interior Door Handle Lighting
            • Exterior Door Handle Lighting
            • Light Source Modules
            • Fiber Optic Light Conductor Cable
            • Light Output Modules
          • Principle Of Operation
        • Seat/Mirror/Steering Column Memory
          • Notes
          • System Components
          • Mirror Operation
            • Notes
            • Mirror Overview (IPO)
          • Driver's Seat (E38/E39)
            • Notes
            • Ripple Count Recognition
            • Diagnosis
          • Passenger's Seat (Without Memory)
            • Notes
            • Optional Seat Back Lumbar Support
            • Principle Of Operation
              • Notes
              • Diagnosis
            • Comfort Seats (standard On E38 750iL, Other Models If Equipped)
          • Steering Column
            • Principle Of Operation
              • Notes
              • Motor Drives
              • Steering Column Overview
            • Entry/Exit Aid
              • Notes
              • Raising The Steering Column
              • Lowering The Steering Column
        • Active Seat (E38 - If Equipped)
          • Purpose Of The System
          • Principle Of Operation
          • Rear Power Seat (E38 750iL)
        • Seat Heating Operation (from 99 MY)
          • Principle Of Operation
          • System Components
            • Carbon Fiber Heating Pads
          • Center Console Switch Center (SZM)
          • SZM Monitoring Of Seat Heating
        • Rear Window Roller Sunblind Operation
        • Servotronic (E38 Only)
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Electro-Hydraulic Solenoid
            • Electro-Hydraulic Solenoid Control
          • Principle Of Operation
        • Consumer Cut Off
          • Notes
          • Overload Protection
          • Sleep Mode
          • Battery Status
          • Diagnosis/Troubleshooting
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
      • 1.0 Battery
      • 2.0 Sealant/Super Glue/Contact Cleaner
        • Sealant
        • Super Glue
      • 3.0 Electrical Contact Enhancer and Contact Cleaner
        • Electrical Contact/Connector Grease
        • Electrical Contact Enhancer
        • Contact Cleaner Spray
    • Power Supply (Fuse Box) And Bus Systems - Overview - E38 & E39
      • Power Supply (Fuse Box) And Bus Systems - E38, E39
        • Power Supply (Fuse Box)
          • Notes
          • Fuse Box (Power Distribution Centers)
          • Fuses For Engine Electronics
          • Battery
          • Dual Battery System (E38 750iL)
        • Bus Systems
          • Notes
          • Bus System Configuration
            • I/K-Bus
            • Peripheral Bus
            • Motor Bus
            • Diagnosis Bus
            • Controller Area Networks
          • Bus System Overview
  • Charging Systems
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Generators & Regulators
      • Description
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Battery Disconnect Procedure
          • Notes
          • Disconnecting Battery
          • Connecting Battery
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Wiring Continuity Test
        • Output Test
        • Regulator Control Voltage Test
      • Bench Testing
        • Notes
        • Diode Assembly
        • Stator
          • Bosch
          • Motorola
        • Rotor
          • Bosch
          • Motorola
      • Removal & Installation
        • Generator (6 & 8-Cylinder)
          • Removal & Installation (6-Cylinder)
          • Removal & Installation (8-Cylinder)
        • Generator (Non-Water Cooled - V12)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Generator (Water Cooled - V12)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuse Assignment Symbol Definitions
      • Fuse Symbols
    • Fuses & Circuit Breakers - E38
      • Fuse And Relay Location
        • Notes
        • Engine Compartment
        • Passenger Compartment
        • Fuses In Luggage Compartment
      • Fuse Assignment Symbol Definitions
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Gauges
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools - E38
      • Body Equipment
        • 51 0 010 Test gauge for windscreen and rear window installation
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 51 0 030 Twin cartridge gun
      • 51 0 101 Support, right
      • 51 0 102 Support, left
      • 51 0 103 Bridge
      • 51 0 104 Windscreen/rear window locating fixture
      • 51 0 105 Side window locating fixture
      • 51 0 106 Vacuum pump
      • 51 0 107 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 108 Hoisting winch
      • 51 0 109 Suction cup
      • 51 1 010 Punching fixture
      • 51 1 080 Hexagon WAF 10 (convex)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 1 110 Handle
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 010 Pillar guard (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 2 090 Fixture
      • 51 2 196 Protection
      • 51 2 197 Drift
      • 51 3 010 Suction lift (2x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 200 Special wrench set
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 51 3 210 Gauge
      • 51 3 220 Hand-held suction cup
      • 51 4 000 Assembly film
    • Communication Systems - Special Tools - E38
      • Communication System
        • 84 1 000 Test cable for telephone BEMI TEST
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
    • Entertainment & Communication - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Entertainment and Communication
        • Notes
        • Multi-Information Display
          • Notes
          • MID Self Test
          • MID Comparison
          • On Board Computer (BC)
            • Notes
            • BC Operation
              • Notes
              • Entering Time/Date
              • Reset Time
              • Reset Date
              • Programming Functions
              • Resetting Non-Programming Functions
          • Code Functions
        • Audio Systems
          • Notes
          • Radio/Tape Or CD Player
          • Multi-Information Display
          • Amplifier
          • CD Changer
          • MFL Controls
          • Digital Sound Processing
            • Notes
            • Anti-Theft Feature
            • Antenna Diversity
          • Radio Test Functions
        • Telephone Systems
    • Instrument Cluster Electronics (IKE) - Overview - E38 & E39
      • Instrument Cluster Electronics (IKE)
        • Notes
        • Purpose of the System
        • Components
          • Notes
          • Indicator Lamps
          • LC Displays
            • Notes
            • Service Interval Indicator (SIA)
            • Total Mileage/Trip Mileage
            • Automatic Transmission Selector Position/Driving Program
          • Analog Instruments
            • Notes
            • E38 IKE I-P-O Chart (As Introduced To 9/97)
            • E38 IKE I-P-O Chart (From To 9/97)
        • Principle of Operation
          • Notes
          • Dynamic Digital Inputs
            • Distance Signal (Road Speed)
            • Engine Speed Signal
            • Injection Signal
            • Transmission Interface
            • Dimmer Signal
          • Analog Input Signals
            • Notes
            • Battery Voltage
            • Fuel Tank Level
            • Photo Transistor
            • Coolant Temperature
            • Outside Temperature Sensor
          • Digital Input Signals
            • Notes
            • Steering Column Switch
            • Brake Pad Wear Sensors
            • Oil Pressure Switch
            • Parking Brake Switch
            • Trip Odometer Reset
            • Power Supply
          • Output Signals
          • Redundant Data Storage
          • BC Test Functions (IKE E38, E39, E53)
            • Notes
            • Test No. 01
            • Test No. 02
            • Test No. 03
            • Test No. 04
            • Test No. 05
            • Test No. 06
            • Test No. 07
            • Test No. 08
            • Test No. 09
            • Test No. 10
            • Test No. 11
            • Test No. 12
            • Test No. 13
            • Test No. 14
            • Test No. 15
            • Test No. 19
            • Test No. 20
            • Test No. 21
        • Check Control
          • Notes
          • Check Control Priority Groups
            • Notes
            • Priority Group P1
            • Priority Group P2
            • Priority Group P3
            • Special Warnings
          • CC Display Procedures
            • Special Displays
            • P1 Group
            • P2 and P3 Groups
            • Reminder Symbol "> <"
            • CC Button
            • Steering Column Switch (LSS)
            • Gong
            • Check Control Priority Chart
    • Instruments - Special Tools - E38
      • Instruments
        • 62 1 210 Adapter cable ZAE/BAE (30-pin)
      • 62 1 230 Set of test leads
      • 62 1 260 Airbag test cable
      • 62 1 270 Firing device
      • 62 1 310 Adapter cable ZAE/MRS 2 (50-pin)
      • 62 1 330 Adapter lead ZAE/MRS 3(50-pin)
  • Horns
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Central Body Electronics (ZKE III) - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Central Body Electronics (ZKE III)
        • Notes
        • Central Body Electronics (ZKE III)
        • System Components
          • Notes
          • General Module (GM)
          • Driver's Door Module And Switch Block (PM-FT/SB)
          • Passenger Door Module (PM-BT)
          • Seat Memory Module (PM-SM)
          • Sunroof Module (SHD)
            • Notes
            • ZKE Overview
        • Windshield Wiping/Washing
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Wiper Stalk Switch Input
            • Headlight Washing (If Equipped)
            • Rear Window Wiper/Washer System (E39 Wagon And E53)
        • Automatic Interval Control (AIC)
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Rain Sensor
          • Principle Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Rain Sensor Function
              • Notes
              • Rain Sensor Control Module Adaptation
              • Windshield Wiper System Fail-Safe Operation
        • Central Locking
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Driver's Door Lock
            • Luggage Compartment Lock Cylinder (Except E53/E39 Wagon)
            • Luggage Compartment Remote Unlock
            • Crash Signalling
            • Door Lock Actuators
            • E53 Door Lock Mechanism
              • Notes
              • Single lock/unlock function
              • Double Lock/Unlock Function
              • Door Contact Hall Sensor
              • Trunk Lid Close (E38) /Tailgate And Window Latching (E39/E53)
        • Remote (Keyless) Entry FZV
          • Introduction
            • Notes
            • Vehicle/Key Memory
            • Vehicle Memory
            • Key Memory
          • System Components
            • Remote Key
            • Model Year 2000 Key
        • Workshop Hints
          • Remote Key Initialization
          • LED Status (Keys Equipped With LED)
            • Notes
            • FZV Key Test
            • FZV Key Rechargeable Battery
            • FZV Key Communication Overview
          • Notes
          • Sunroof Fault Response Characteristics
          • Emergency Operation of the Sunroof
        • Anti-Theft (DWA) System
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Interior Sensor FIS (Up To 99 MY)
            • Interior Sensor UIS (After 99 MY)
            • Tilt Sensor (Liquid Type - E38/E39 To 97 MY)
            • Tilt Sensor (Electronic Type From 98 MY)
            • Glass Breakage Sensors (Early E38 - Before FIS Sensor)
            • Alarm Siren
          • Principle Of Operation
            • DWA Arming/Disarming
              • Notes
              • Panic Mode Operation
              • Emergency Disarming
              • Alarm Indication
            • DWA LED Status
        • Power Windows/Sunroof
          • Notes
          • System Components
          • E53 Style Window Switches
          • Rear Window Child Lockout Switch
          • Window Anti-Trap Detection
            • Notes
            • Power Window Overview (IPO)
          • Power Window Motors
            • Notes
            • Window Motor Limit Stop Function
          • Convenience Opening/Closing
        • Sunroof
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Sunroof Switch
            • Sunroof Motor/Module (SHD)
          • Principle Of Operation
            • Initialization
              • Notes
              • Updated SHD Module
              • Procedure
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Principle Of Operation
            • Notes
            • ON Conditions
            • OFF Conditions
          • System Components
            • Door Contacts
            • Front Seat Interior/Map Light Unit
            • Rear Seat Interior/Reading Light Units
            • Front Footwell Lights
            • Door Warning Lights (E38)
            • Illuminated Transmission Shift Indicator
            • Soft Lighting Feature
        • Visual Entry Aid (E38/E53)
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Interior Door Handle Lighting
            • Exterior Door Handle Lighting
            • Light Source Modules
            • Fiber Optic Light Conductor Cable
            • Light Output Modules
          • Principle Of Operation
        • Seat/Mirror/Steering Column Memory
          • Notes
          • System Components
          • Mirror Operation
            • Notes
            • Mirror Overview (IPO)
          • Driver's Seat (E38/E39)
            • Notes
            • Ripple Count Recognition
            • Diagnosis
          • Passenger's Seat (Without Memory)
            • Notes
            • Optional Seat Back Lumbar Support
            • Principle Of Operation
              • Notes
              • Diagnosis
            • Comfort Seats (standard On E38 750iL, Other Models If Equipped)
          • Steering Column
            • Principle Of Operation
              • Notes
              • Motor Drives
              • Steering Column Overview
            • Entry/Exit Aid
              • Notes
              • Raising The Steering Column
              • Lowering The Steering Column
        • Active Seat (E38 - If Equipped)
          • Purpose Of The System
          • Principle Of Operation
          • Rear Power Seat (E38 750iL)
        • Seat Heating Operation (from 99 MY)
          • Principle Of Operation
          • System Components
            • Carbon Fiber Heating Pads
          • Center Console Switch Center (SZM)
          • SZM Monitoring Of Seat Heating
        • Rear Window Roller Sunblind Operation
        • Servotronic (E38 Only)
          • Notes
          • System Components
            • Electro-Hydraulic Solenoid
            • Electro-Hydraulic Solenoid Control
          • Principle Of Operation
        • Consumer Cut Off
          • Notes
          • Overload Protection
          • Sleep Mode
          • Battery Status
          • Diagnosis/Troubleshooting
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
      • 1.0 Battery
      • 2.0 Sealant/Super Glue/Contact Cleaner
        • Sealant
        • Super Glue
      • 3.0 Electrical Contact Enhancer and Contact Cleaner
        • Electrical Contact/Connector Grease
        • Electrical Contact Enhancer
        • Contact Cleaner Spray
    • Power Supply (Fuse Box) And Bus Systems - Overview - E38 & E39
      • Power Supply (Fuse Box) And Bus Systems - E38, E39
        • Power Supply (Fuse Box)
          • Notes
          • Fuse Box (Power Distribution Centers)
          • Fuses For Engine Electronics
          • Battery
          • Dual Battery System (E38 750iL)
        • Bus Systems
          • Notes
          • Bus System Configuration
            • I/K-Bus
            • Peripheral Bus
            • Motor Bus
            • Diagnosis Bus
            • Controller Area Networks
          • Bus System Overview
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
    • Starters
      • Description
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
      • Overhaul
        • Starter Motor
          • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Replacing Starter Solenoid
        • Replacing Carbon Brushes
        • Replacing Carbon Brushes (Starter Motor With Countershaft)
      • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 5.4L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Shift Interlock
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Identification
      • Adjustments
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (M60, M62 & S62)
        • Drive Belt Routing (M70, M73 & S70)
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Specifications
  • Cooling Fans
    • Description & Operation
    • System Tests
    • Removal & Installation
      • Cooling Fan & Cowl
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Front Bumper
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System - Repair Instructions
      • Coolant Checking
        • 17 00... Instructions for working on cooling system
          • Notes
          • Recycling
        • Instructions for disassembly/assembly of coolant hose fast-release couplings
          • Disassembly of fast-release coupling
          • Assembly of fast-release coupling
        • 17 00 005 Draining and topping up coolant
          • Notes
          • Draining coolant
          • M62
          • Recycling
          • Top up coolant
        • 17 00 009 Checking cooling system for water leaks
          • Special tools required:
          • Checking vacuum valve in cap
        • 17 00 010 Checking for leaks between cooling system and combustion chamber
        • 17 00 039 Bleeding cooling system and checking for water leaks
          • Notes
          • Transparent expansion tank
          • Black expansion tank
      • Fuel tank with mounting
        • 17 00 009 Checking cooling system for water leaks
          • Special tools required:
          • Checking vacuum valve in cap
      • Engine radiator with
        • 17 11 000 Removing and installing radiator
          • Notes
          • Air conditioning
          • Coolant hoses with quick-release couplings
        • 17 11 031 Replacing fan cowl
          • Notes
          • M73
          • M62
        • 17 11 100 Removing and installing/replacing coolant expansion tank
        • 17 11 509 Flushing radiator
          • Notes
          • Separate coolant expansion tank
          • Integral coolant expansion tank
        • 17 11 530 Removing and installing cassette (condenser for air conditioner)
      • Oil Cooler
        • 17 21 500 Flushing oil cooler with lines (automatic transmission)
          • Special tools required:
          • Arrangement of flushing device for transmission A4S 31 0R
          • Arrangement of flushing device for transmission A4S 300J
          • Arrangement of flushing device for transmission A5S 440Z
      • Oil Cooler Lines
        • 17 21 500 Flushing oil cooler with lines (automatic transmission)
          • Special tools required:
          • Arrangement of flushing device for transmissions A5S 310Z, A5S 560Z, A5S 360R/390R, A4S 200R, A5S 325Z, GA6HP26Z
          • Arrangement of flushing device for transmission A4S 31 0R
          • Arrangement of flushing device for transmission A4S 300J
          • Arrangement of flushing device for transmission A5S 440Z
        • 17 22 010 Removing and installing/replacing heat exchanger for automatic transmission (M62)
          • Notes
          • Recycling
      • Auxiliary Electrical
        • 17 40 000 Removing and installing/replacing complete supplementary fan (with fan cowl)
    • Cooling System - Special Tools - E38
      • Cooling System
        • 17 0 000 Tester
      • 17 0 010 Repair kit for tester 17 0 002
      • 17 0 100 Tester
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 17 0 130 Set of adapters
      • 17 2 010 Set of adapters
    • Cooling System - Technical Data
      • Coolant, Checking Cool
        • 17 00 Coolant, Cooling System Test E38 / M73
        • 17 21 Oil Cooler E38 / M62
        • 17 11 Radiator and Mounting Parts E38 / M62
      • Engine radiator With Attachment
        • 17 11 Radiator and Mounting Parts E38 / M62
      • Oil Cooler
        • 17 21 Oil Cooler E38 / M62
    • Cooling System - Tightening Torques
      • Coolant, Checking Cooling System
        • 17 00 Coolant
      • Engine Radiator With Attachment
        • 17 11 Radiator and Mounting Parts
      • Oil Cooler
        • 17 21 Engine Oil Cooler
      • oil cooler lines
        • 17 40 Additional Fan (electric)
        • 17 22 Oil Cooler Pipes
      • Auxiliary Electrical Fan
        • 17 40 Additional Fan (electric)
    • Operating Fluids - Radiator
      • 1.0 General Information On Long-Term Antifreeze And Corrosion Inhibitors
        • Notes
        • Initial Filling in Factory
        • Change Intervals
        • Remarks and Limitations
      • 2.0 Coolant Additives
    • Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Identification
      • Adjustments
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (M60, M62 & S62)
        • Drive Belt Routing (M70, M73 & S70)
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Specifications
  • Exhaust
    • Exhaust System - Special Tools - E38
      • Exhaust System
        • 18 0 050 Puller fixture
    • Operating Fluids - Exhaust System
      • 1.0 General Information
  • Fuel System
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
      • Engine Diagnosis
        • Engine Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Compression Testing
          • Cylinder Leakage Testing
            • Notes
            • Workshop Hints on Cylinder Leakage Testing
          • Cylinder Arrangement And Firing Order
          • Ignition System Diagnosis
          • Fuel System Testing
            • Notes
            • Fuel Volume Testing
            • Residual Pressure
              • Notes
              • Fuel System - E32 with M60
              • Fuel System - E39/E46 with M54
              • Fuel System - E60
          • Engine Adaptation Values
          • Engine Misfire Diagnosis
          • Smooth Running Measurement
          • Valvetronic N62
          • N62 Engine Testing
          • MKA Adapter
          • Compression Test N62
            • Notes
            • Manual Compression Test (N62)
          • Rough Running Diagnosis (N62)
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair Instructions
      • Fuel Pick-Up Cleaning
        • 16 00 Fuel supply system E38 / E39 (spark-ignition engines)
        • 16 00 General function description for fuel supply systems
          • Fuel supply systems, spark-ignition engines
          • Fuel supply systems, diesel engines
        • 16 00 005 Draining and filling fuel tank
          • Notes
          • M57
        • 16 00 100 Checking fuel tank and tank ventilation system for leak-tightness
        • 16 00 510 Conducting leak test on fuel tank and tank ventilation system
        • 16 11 130 Checking filler cap pressure relief valve
          • Special tools required:
          • Check testing equipment for leaks!
          • Check filler cap pressure relief!
      • Fuel Tank With Mounting
        • 16 11 030 Removing and installing fuel tank
        • 16 11 060 Removing and installing or replacing fuel filler pipe
        • 16 11 120 Removing and installing / replacing expansion tank for tank ventilation
        • 16 11 130 Checking filler cap pressure relief valve
          • Notes
          • Check testing equipment for leaks!
          • Check filler cap pressure relief!
      • Fuel Transfer Sensor
        • 16 12 000 Removing and installing / replacing the sensor for the fuel level gauge (right)
        • 16 12 001 Removing and installing / replacing the sensor for the fuel level gauge (left)
        • 16 12 010 Removing and installing/replacing activated carbon filter with LDP (leak diagnosis pump)
      • Fuel Ventilation
        • 16 12 010 Removing and installing/replacing activated carbon filter with LDP (leak diagnosis pump)
      • Fuel Pump
        • 16 14 010 Removing and installing or replacing fuel pump
    • Fuel Supply System - Service Information
      • Functional Description Of Fuel Supply System
        • Notes
        • General Information
        • 1. Fuel Supply System E38/39
          • Notes
          • 1.2 Functional Description
          • 1.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 2. Fuel Supply System E46
          • Notes
          • 2.2 Functional Description
          • 2.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 3. Fuel Supply System E52
          • Notes
          • 3.2 Functional Description
          • 3.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 4. Fuel Supply System E53
          • Notes
          • 4.2 Functional Description
          • 4.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 5. Fuel Supply System E38/39 Diesel
          • Notes
          • 5.2 Functional Description
          • 5.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 6. Fuel Supply System E46 Diesel
          • Notes
          • 6.2 Functional Description
          • 6.3 Fuel System Operating Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools - E38
      • Fuel Supply System
        • 16 1 020 Pin wrench
          • Minimum Set: Mechanical Tools
      • 16 1 050 Combination tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 16 1 160 Seals
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
      • Fuel Tank and Mounting
        • 16 11 Fuel Tank and Mounting Parts E38 Gasoline-Driven Cars
      • Fuel Transfer Sensor
        • 16 12 Fuel Supply, Fuel Level Sender E38 Gasoline / Diesel-driven Cars
      • Fuel Pump
        • 16 14 Fuel Pump E38 Gasoline-driven cars
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
      • Fuel Tank With Mounting
        • 16 11 Fuel Tank and Mounting Parts
      • Fuel Transfer, Sensor For Gauge
        • 16 12 Fuel Delivery
      • Fuel Ventilation
        • 16 13 Tank Ventilation
      • Fuel Pump
        • 16 14 Fuel Pump
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
      • 1.0 Fuels for Gasoline Engines
        • Notes
        • Anti-Knock Properties
        • Boiling Range and Vapor Pressure
        • Specific Gravity
        • Calorific Value
        • Purity, Combustion Deposits
        • Sulfur Content
          • Notes
          • 1.1 Minimum Octane and AKI Ratings for Gasoline Engines
          • 1.2 Summary of Fuel Grade Requirements
      • 2.0 Fuels for Diesel Engines
      • 3.0 Other Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair Instructions
      • Checking - Setting Engine
        • 13 00 002 Checking function of Digital Engine Electronics (DME)
      • Fuel Pump With drive
        • 13 31... Notes on fuel pressure check (reference pressure: environment)
          • Notes
          • Description of operation: fuel return line
          • Description of operation: pressure retaining function
          • Complaint: drive characteristic faults, lack of power
          • Complaint: starting problems
        • 13 31... Notes on fuel pressure check (reference pressure: intake manifold pressure)
          • Notes
          • Description of operation: fuel pressure regulator
          • Description of operation: fuel pump
          • Description of operation: fuel return line
          • Description of operation: pressure retaining function
          • Complaint: drive characteristic faults, lack of power
          • Complaint: starting problems
        • 13 31 029 Checking delivery pressure of fuel pump (M73)
        • 13 31 510 Removing and installing/replacing 3/2-way valve (M62, M73)
      • Fuel filter
        • 13 32 051 Replacing fuel filter (M52, M60, M62, M73)
      • Injection Pump, Regulator
        • 13 51 630 Replacing fuel pressure regulator (M73)
      • injection nozzle and
        • 13 53 242 Replacing both complete injection pipes (M73)
        • 13 53 540 Replacing, sealing fuel hoses
          • Notes
          • Recycling
      • throttle and operation
        • 13 54 036 Removing and installing or sealing both throttle bodies (M73)
        • 13 63 590 Replacing fuel pump relay
      • Sensor for control unit
        • 13 62 511 Replacing temperature sensor for intake air (M73)
        • 13 62 531 Replacing coolant temperature sensor (M73)
        • 13 62 560 Removing and installing/replacing mass air flow sensor (M60, M62, M73)
        • 13 62 561 Removing and installing / replacing both mass air flow sensors (M73)
      • Start Valves
        • 13 64 501 Removing and installing / replacing one injector valve (M73)
        • 13 64 541 Replacing all injector valves (M73)
      • Intake silencer
        • 13 71 010 Removing and installing left intake filter housing (M73)
        • 13 71 020 Removing and installing right intake filter housing (M73)
      • air cleaner
        • 13 72 002 Replacing both air filter inserts (M73)
      • Carbon Canister Ventilation
        • 13 90 500 Replacing tank vent valve (M73)
    • Fuel System - Special Tools - E38
      • Fuel System
        • 13 0 131 Compressed air hose with filter
      • 13 0 132 Adapter
      • 13 0 133 Container
      • 13 3 010 Hose clip
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 13 3 060 Fixture
      • 13 5 220 Adapter
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 13 6 050 Set of adapters for BMW DIS
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 13 6 058 T-piece for 12 mm dia. line
      • 13 6 200 Ultrasonic cleaning system
    • Fuel System - Technical Data
      • Checking/Setting Engine/Emission
        • 13 00 Checking/Adjusting Engine and Exhaust E38 / M73 B 54
      • Injection nozzle and Lines
        • 13 53 Injectors and Lines, Fuel Pressure Regulator M73 B54
      • Throttle and operation
        • 13 54 Injector Valves, Start Valves M73 B 56
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques
      • Fuel Pump with Drive and Line
        • 13 31 Fuel Pump with Drive and Pipes
      • Fuel Filter
        • 13 32 Fuel Filter
      • Injection Pump, Regulator, Mixture Regulator
        • 13 51 Injection Pump, Control Receptacle
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 13 62 Senders for Control Unit
      • Start Values
        • 13 64 Fuel Injectors
  • Mechanical
    • Basic Measuring Techniques - Overview
      • Basic Measuring Techniques
        • Basic Engine Measurements
          • Notes
          • Vernier Measurement
          • Micrometer Measurements
            • Notes
            • Metric Micrometer Construction
          • Dial Indicator Measurements
            • Notes
            • Examples Of Dial Indicator Measurements
        • Additional Engine Measurements
          • Notes
          • Cylinder Head Measurement
          • Piston Measurements
          • Piston Ring Measurements
          • Cylinder Bore
        • Metric System
          • Notes
          • Metric System Denominations
          • Metric Reference Chart
          • Metric System Conversion Charts
          • Pressure Conversion Chart
    • Engine - Repair (M73)
      • Engine General
        • 00 00 249 BMW engine oil service (M60/M62/M73)
        • 11 00 039 Checking compression of all cylinders (M60 / M62 / M73 / S62 / M54)
        • 11 00 045 Checking absolute compression of all cylinders
        • 11 00 050 Removing and installing engine (M73)
      • Cylinder head with cover
        • 11 12 004 Removing and installing / sealing both cylinder head covers (M73)
        • 11 12 005 Removing and installing / sealing left cylinder head cover (M73)
        • 11 12 006 Removing and installing / sealing right cylinder head cover (M73)
        • 11 12 105 Removing and installing left cylinder head (M73)
        • 11 12 106 Removing and installing right cylinder head (M73)
        • 11 12 107 Removing and installing both cylinder heads (M73)
        • 11 12 110 Replacing left cylinder head gasket (M73)
        • 11 12 111 Replacing right cylinder head gasket (M73)
        • 11 12 112 Replacing both cylinder head gaskets (M73)
        • 11 12 503 Dismantling and assembling the cylinder head (M73)
        • 11 12 515 Removing and installing left cylinder head (M73)
        • 11 12 516 Removing and installing right cylinder head (M73)
        • 11 12 527 Reworking one valve seat (M73)
        • 11 12 595 Checking one valve guide for wear (M73)
        • 11 12 600 Reaming one valve guide - valve removed (M73)
        • 11 12 719 Mill down cylinder head sealing face (M73)
        • 11 12 729 Checking cylinder head for water leaks (M73)
      • Oil Sump
        • 11 13 010 Removing and installing/replacing upper section of oil pan (M73)
        • 11 13 020 Removing and installing / replacing lower section of oil pan (M73)
        • 11 13 510 Removing and installing / replacing upper section of oil pan (M73)
      • Housing Cover
        • 11 14 100 Removing and installing / sealing or replacing upper section of timing case cover (M73)
        • 11 14 102 Removing and installing/sealing or replacing timing case at top (M73)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 11 14 106 Replacing radial seal in left distributor housing (M73)
        • 11 14 108 Replacing radial seal in right distributor housing (M73)
        • 11 14 110 Removing and installing /sealing and replacing lower timing case cover (M73)
        • 11 14 115 Removing and installing /sealing or replacing lower section of timing case (M73)
        • 11 14 141 Replacing radial seal below timing case cover (M73)
        • 11 14 151 Replacing crankshaft radial sealing ring (M73)
        • 11 14 190 Removing and installing / sealing rear left end cover on cylinder head (cylinder bank 7-12)(M73)
        • 11 14 192 Removing and installing / sealing rear right end cover on cylinder head (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 11 14 250 Removing and installing / sealing rear coolant end cover (M73)
        • 11 14 260 Removing and installing / sealing top coolant end cover (M73)
      • Crankcase Ventilation
        • 11 15 026 Sealing and replacing control valve for left engine vent (M73)
        • 11 15 028 Sealing / replacing control valve for right engine venting (M73)
      • Crankshaft with bearing
        • 11 21 500 Replacing crankshaft (M73)
        • 11 21 531 Replacing main crankshaft bearing shell (M73)
      • Flywheel
        • 11 22 510 Removing and installing/replacing flywheel (M73)
      • Vibration damper
        • 11 23 010 Removing and installing/replacing vibration damper (M73)
      • Connecting rod with bearing
        • 11 24 571 Replacing all conrod bearings (M73)
      • Piston with rings and
        • 11 25 530 Removing and installing / replacing all pistons (M73)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
          • Cylinder bank 1-6
          • Cylinder bank 7-12
        • 11 25 671 Replacing piston rings on all pistons (M73)
      • V-ribbed belt With Tensioner
        • 11 28 010 Replacing alternator drive belt (M73)
        • 11 28 050 Replacing drive belt for a/c compressor (M60 / M62 / M73)
      • Camshaft
        • 11 31 005 Checking timing of camshaft(s) (M73)
        • 11 31 011 Replacing left camshaft (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 11 31 015 Replacing right camshaft (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 11 31 090 Installing and removing / replacing piston for chain tensioner (M73)
        • 11 31 505 Adjusting camshaft timing (M73)
      • Rocker arm with bearing
        • 11 33 050 Removing and installing / replacing all fingers (M73)
        • 11 33 062 Replacing all hydraulic valve clearance adjustment elements (HVA) (M73)
      • Values with spring
        • 11 34 552 Removing and installing / replacing all valves (M73)
          • Notes
          • Up to 9/97
          • From 9/97 to 4/99
          • From 4/99
        • 11 34 560 Replacing all valve stem seals (M73)
        • 11 34 715 Replacing all valve springs (M73)
          • Notes
          • Up to 9/97
          • From 9/97 to 4/99
          • From 4/99
      • Oil Supply
        • 11 40 000 Checking engine oil pressure
          • Notes
          • Checking engine oil pressure with DIS Tester
          • Checking engine oil pressure with pressure gauge
      • Oil pump with filter
        • 11 41 000 Removing and installing or replacing oil pump (M73)
      • Oil filter and lives
        • 11 42 020 Removing and installing, sealing or replacing main-flow oil filter (M73)
      • Oil filling, dipstick
        • 11 43 000 Removing and installing / replacing guide tube for dipstick (M73)
      • Water pump with drive
        • 11 51 000 Removing and installing/replacing water pump (M73)
      • Fan
        • 11 52 020 Removing and installing or replacing fan coupling (M73)
      • Thermostat and Connecting
        • 11 53 000 Removing and installing / replacing coolant thermostat (M73)
        • 11 53 325 Removing and installing / replacing coolant manifold (M73)
        • 11 53 330 Removing and installing / sealing coolant connection pipe(s) (M73)
        • 11 53 705 Removing and installing / replacing cover for thermostat housing (M73)
      • Intake manifold
        • 11 61 046 Removing and installing / replacing intake air manifold for cylinders 1-6 (M73)
        • 11 61 048 Removing and installing / replacing air intake manifold from cylinders 7-12 (M73)
        • 11 61 058 Replace gasket flanges for both intake air manifolds (M73)
      • Exhaust manifolds
        • 11 62 142 Removing and installing / replacing both left exhaust manifolds (M73)
        • 11 62 143 Removing and installing / replacing both right exhaust manifolds (M73)
      • Air pump, lines and
        • 11 72 000 Removing and installing / replacing air pump (M73)
        • 11 72 052 Removing and installing / replacing non-return valve (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 11 72 054 Removing and installing replacing non-return valve (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 11 72 192 Removing and installing / sealing or replacing pipe for secondary air induction (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 11 72 194 Removing and installing / sealing and replacing pipe for secondary air induction (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
      • Emission Control, Oxygen
        • 11 78 510 Replacing oxygen sensor (M73)
        • 11 78 610 Replacing Lambda monitor sensor (M73)
    • Engine - Technical Data
      • Engine in general
        • 11 00 Engine in general M73 B 54
      • Engine Block
        • 1111 Crankcase M73 B 54
      • Cylinder Head with Cover
        • 11 12 Cylinder Head with Valve Seat Cover M73 B54
        • 1112 Cylinder Head with Cover M73 B 54
      • Crankshaft With Bearings
        • 11 21 Crankshaft and Bearings M73 B 54
      • Flywheel
        • 11 22 Flywheel M73 B 54
      • Vibration Damper
        • 11 23 Vibration Damper M73 B54
      • Connecting Rods With Bearings
        • 11 24 Connecting Rods and Bearings M73 B 54
      • Piston with Rings and Pin
        • 11 25 Pistons with Rings and Pins M73 B 54
      • Camshaft
        • 11 31 Camshaft M73 B 54
      • Valves with Springs
        • 11 34 Valves with Springs M73 B 54
      • Oil Supply
        • 11 40 Oil Supply M73 B54
      • Oil Pump with filter And Drive
        • 11 41 Oil Pump with Strainer and Drive M73 B 54
      • Fan
        • 11 52 Fan Coupling M73 B 54
      • Thermostat And Connections
        • 11 53 Thermostat And Connections M73 B54
    • Engine - Tightening Torques
      • Engine block
        • 11 11 Engine block
      • Cylinder Head with Cover
        • 11 12 Cylinder Head with Cover
      • Oil Sump
        • 11 13 Oil Pan
      • Houring Cover
        • 11 14 Case Covers
      • Crankshaft And Bearings
        • 11 11 Engine block
        • 11 24 Connecting Rods and Bearings
        • 11 21 Crankshaft and Bearings
      • Flywheel
        • 11 22 Flywheel
      • Vibration Damper
        • 11 23 Vibration Damper
      • Connecting Rod With Bearing
        • 11 11 Engine block
        • 11 24 Connecting Rods and Bearings
      • Camshaft
        • 11 31 Camshaft
      • Oil Pump with Filter And Drive
        • 11 41 Oil Pump with Strainer and Drive
      • Oil Filter and Lines
        • 11 42 Oil Filter and Pipes
      • Water Pump and Drive
        • 11 51 Water Pump and Drive
      • Fan
        • 11 52 Fan
      • Thermostat and Connections
        • 11 53 Thermostat and Connections
      • Intake Manifold
        • 11 61 Intake manifold
      • Exhaust Manifold
        • 11 62 Exhaust manifold
      • Emissions-Control, Oxygen Sensor
        • 11 78 Emissions-control, Lambda oxygen sensor
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
      • Engine Diagnosis
        • Engine Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Compression Testing
          • Cylinder Leakage Testing
            • Notes
            • Workshop Hints on Cylinder Leakage Testing
          • Cylinder Arrangement And Firing Order
          • Ignition System Diagnosis
          • Fuel System Testing
            • Notes
            • Fuel Volume Testing
            • Residual Pressure
              • Notes
              • Fuel System - E32 with M60
              • Fuel System - E39/E46 with M54
              • Fuel System - E60
          • Engine Adaptation Values
          • Engine Misfire Diagnosis
          • Smooth Running Measurement
          • Valvetronic N62
          • N62 Engine Testing
          • MKA Adapter
          • Compression Test N62
            • Notes
            • Manual Compression Test (N62)
          • Rough Running Diagnosis (N62)
    • Engine- Special Tools
      • Engine
        • 11 0 000 Engine lifter for removing and installing engines
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 0 070 Engine hoist
      • 11 0 180 Accessories
      • 11 0 190 Accessories
      • 11 0 220 Compression test kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 0 240 Coupling
      • 11 0 340 Accessories
      • 11 1 200 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 1 210 Extractor
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 1 230 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 1 280 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 1 310 Drift
      • 11 1 360 Assembly sleeves
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 1 420 Fixture
      • 11 1 480 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 000 Puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 030 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 050 Guide pins
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 070 Holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 290 Placement board
      • 11 2 300 Plug mandrel
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 340 Extractor
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 350 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 390 Slip bush
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 2 420 Holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 3 030 Placement board for tappet
      • 11 3 190 Locking fixture
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 3 200 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 3 220 Slip bush
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 3 460 Protractor
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 4 030 Adapter
      • 11 4 050 Reducer
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 4 130 Lever
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 4 190 1/4" extension piece
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 5 030 Holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 5 040 Open-ended spanner WAF 32
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 5 110 Bush
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 6 060 Extension piece
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 6 400 Pressure testing fixture
      • 11 7 020 Socket wrench socket WAF 22
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 7 290 Adapter
      • 11 7 300 Placement board
      • 11 7 310 Spacer
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 7 450 Simulator
      • 11 8 150 Insertion tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 11 9 000 Cylinder head expander tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
    • Operating Fluids - Engine
      • 1.0 General Information
        • Notes
        • Good Wear Protection and Friction Reduction
        • Limited Tendency to Produce Combustion Residue
        • Favorable Viscosity Temperature Behavior
        • Anti-Foaming
        • Good Corrosion Inhibition
        • Mixing Ability/Compatibility
        • Good Thermal Conductivity/Good Cooling Property
        • Good Dispersant/Detergent Qualities
        • Oxidation Inhibitors and Aging Stability
      • 2.0 Grading Of Oils
        • Viscosity Number
        • Multigrade Oils
        • Single Grade Oils
        • Oil Classifications
      • 3.0 Engine Oil Requirements and Specifications
        • Approved Engine Oils
      • 4.0 Engine Oil Change Intervals
      • 5.0 Condition Based Service
      • 6.0 Engine Oil Additives
      • 7.0 Break-In Instructions
      • 8.0 Engine Oil Applied to Engine Exhaust Studs
      • 9.0 Lubricant For Oxygen Sensor
      • 10.0 Oil Consumption
      • 11.0 References
      • 12.0 Operating Fluids Table and Alternate Suppliers
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
    • Starters
      • Description
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
      • Overhaul
        • Starter Motor
          • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Replacing Starter Solenoid
        • Replacing Carbon Brushes
        • Replacing Carbon Brushes (Starter Motor With Countershaft)
      • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
      • Engine Diagnosis
        • Engine Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Compression Testing
          • Cylinder Leakage Testing
            • Notes
            • Workshop Hints on Cylinder Leakage Testing
          • Cylinder Arrangement And Firing Order
          • Ignition System Diagnosis
          • Fuel System Testing
            • Notes
            • Fuel Volume Testing
            • Residual Pressure
              • Notes
              • Fuel System - E32 with M60
              • Fuel System - E39/E46 with M54
              • Fuel System - E60
          • Engine Adaptation Values
          • Engine Misfire Diagnosis
          • Smooth Running Measurement
          • Valvetronic N62
          • N62 Engine Testing
          • MKA Adapter
          • Compression Test N62
            • Notes
            • Manual Compression Test (N62)
          • Rough Running Diagnosis (N62)
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair Instructions
      • Fuel Pick-Up Cleaning
        • 16 00 Fuel supply system E38 / E39 (spark-ignition engines)
        • 16 00 General function description for fuel supply systems
          • Fuel supply systems, spark-ignition engines
          • Fuel supply systems, diesel engines
        • 16 00 005 Draining and filling fuel tank
          • Notes
          • M57
        • 16 00 100 Checking fuel tank and tank ventilation system for leak-tightness
        • 16 00 510 Conducting leak test on fuel tank and tank ventilation system
        • 16 11 130 Checking filler cap pressure relief valve
          • Special tools required:
          • Check testing equipment for leaks!
          • Check filler cap pressure relief!
      • Fuel Tank With Mounting
        • 16 11 030 Removing and installing fuel tank
        • 16 11 060 Removing and installing or replacing fuel filler pipe
        • 16 11 120 Removing and installing / replacing expansion tank for tank ventilation
        • 16 11 130 Checking filler cap pressure relief valve
          • Notes
          • Check testing equipment for leaks!
          • Check filler cap pressure relief!
      • Fuel Transfer Sensor
        • 16 12 000 Removing and installing / replacing the sensor for the fuel level gauge (right)
        • 16 12 001 Removing and installing / replacing the sensor for the fuel level gauge (left)
        • 16 12 010 Removing and installing/replacing activated carbon filter with LDP (leak diagnosis pump)
      • Fuel Ventilation
        • 16 12 010 Removing and installing/replacing activated carbon filter with LDP (leak diagnosis pump)
      • Fuel Pump
        • 16 14 010 Removing and installing or replacing fuel pump
    • Fuel Supply System - Service Information
      • Functional Description Of Fuel Supply System
        • Notes
        • General Information
        • 1. Fuel Supply System E38/39
          • Notes
          • 1.2 Functional Description
          • 1.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 2. Fuel Supply System E46
          • Notes
          • 2.2 Functional Description
          • 2.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 3. Fuel Supply System E52
          • Notes
          • 3.2 Functional Description
          • 3.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 4. Fuel Supply System E53
          • Notes
          • 4.2 Functional Description
          • 4.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 5. Fuel Supply System E38/39 Diesel
          • Notes
          • 5.2 Functional Description
          • 5.3 Fuel System Operating Data
        • 6. Fuel Supply System E46 Diesel
          • Notes
          • 6.2 Functional Description
          • 6.3 Fuel System Operating Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools - E38
      • Fuel Supply System
        • 16 1 020 Pin wrench
          • Minimum Set: Mechanical Tools
      • 16 1 050 Combination tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 16 1 160 Seals
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
      • Fuel Tank and Mounting
        • 16 11 Fuel Tank and Mounting Parts E38 Gasoline-Driven Cars
      • Fuel Transfer Sensor
        • 16 12 Fuel Supply, Fuel Level Sender E38 Gasoline / Diesel-driven Cars
      • Fuel Pump
        • 16 14 Fuel Pump E38 Gasoline-driven cars
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
      • Fuel Tank With Mounting
        • 16 11 Fuel Tank and Mounting Parts
      • Fuel Transfer, Sensor For Gauge
        • 16 12 Fuel Delivery
      • Fuel Ventilation
        • 16 13 Tank Ventilation
      • Fuel Pump
        • 16 14 Fuel Pump
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
      • 1.0 Fuels for Gasoline Engines
        • Notes
        • Anti-Knock Properties
        • Boiling Range and Vapor Pressure
        • Specific Gravity
        • Calorific Value
        • Purity, Combustion Deposits
        • Sulfur Content
          • Notes
          • 1.1 Minimum Octane and AKI Ratings for Gasoline Engines
          • 1.2 Summary of Fuel Grade Requirements
      • 2.0 Fuels for Diesel Engines
      • 3.0 Other Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair Instructions
      • Checking - Setting Engine
        • 13 00 002 Checking function of Digital Engine Electronics (DME)
      • Fuel Pump With drive
        • 13 31... Notes on fuel pressure check (reference pressure: environment)
          • Notes
          • Description of operation: fuel return line
          • Description of operation: pressure retaining function
          • Complaint: drive characteristic faults, lack of power
          • Complaint: starting problems
        • 13 31... Notes on fuel pressure check (reference pressure: intake manifold pressure)
          • Notes
          • Description of operation: fuel pressure regulator
          • Description of operation: fuel pump
          • Description of operation: fuel return line
          • Description of operation: pressure retaining function
          • Complaint: drive characteristic faults, lack of power
          • Complaint: starting problems
        • 13 31 029 Checking delivery pressure of fuel pump (M73)
        • 13 31 510 Removing and installing/replacing 3/2-way valve (M62, M73)
      • Fuel filter
        • 13 32 051 Replacing fuel filter (M52, M60, M62, M73)
      • Injection Pump, Regulator
        • 13 51 630 Replacing fuel pressure regulator (M73)
      • injection nozzle and
        • 13 53 242 Replacing both complete injection pipes (M73)
        • 13 53 540 Replacing, sealing fuel hoses
          • Notes
          • Recycling
      • throttle and operation
        • 13 54 036 Removing and installing or sealing both throttle bodies (M73)
        • 13 63 590 Replacing fuel pump relay
      • Sensor for control unit
        • 13 62 511 Replacing temperature sensor for intake air (M73)
        • 13 62 531 Replacing coolant temperature sensor (M73)
        • 13 62 560 Removing and installing/replacing mass air flow sensor (M60, M62, M73)
        • 13 62 561 Removing and installing / replacing both mass air flow sensors (M73)
      • Start Valves
        • 13 64 501 Removing and installing / replacing one injector valve (M73)
        • 13 64 541 Replacing all injector valves (M73)
      • Intake silencer
        • 13 71 010 Removing and installing left intake filter housing (M73)
        • 13 71 020 Removing and installing right intake filter housing (M73)
      • air cleaner
        • 13 72 002 Replacing both air filter inserts (M73)
      • Carbon Canister Ventilation
        • 13 90 500 Replacing tank vent valve (M73)
    • Fuel System - Special Tools - E38
      • Fuel System
        • 13 0 131 Compressed air hose with filter
      • 13 0 132 Adapter
      • 13 0 133 Container
      • 13 3 010 Hose clip
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 13 3 060 Fixture
      • 13 5 220 Adapter
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 13 6 050 Set of adapters for BMW DIS
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 13 6 058 T-piece for 12 mm dia. line
      • 13 6 200 Ultrasonic cleaning system
    • Fuel System - Technical Data
      • Checking/Setting Engine/Emission
        • 13 00 Checking/Adjusting Engine and Exhaust E38 / M73 B 54
      • Injection nozzle and Lines
        • 13 53 Injectors and Lines, Fuel Pressure Regulator M73 B54
      • Throttle and operation
        • 13 54 Injector Valves, Start Valves M73 B 56
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques
      • Fuel Pump with Drive and Line
        • 13 31 Fuel Pump with Drive and Pipes
      • Fuel Filter
        • 13 32 Fuel Filter
      • Injection Pump, Regulator, Mixture Regulator
        • 13 51 Injection Pump, Control Receptacle
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 13 62 Senders for Control Unit
      • Start Values
        • 13 64 Fuel Injectors
  • Ignition System
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
      • Engine Diagnosis
        • Engine Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Compression Testing
          • Cylinder Leakage Testing
            • Notes
            • Workshop Hints on Cylinder Leakage Testing
          • Cylinder Arrangement And Firing Order
          • Ignition System Diagnosis
          • Fuel System Testing
            • Notes
            • Fuel Volume Testing
            • Residual Pressure
              • Notes
              • Fuel System - E32 with M60
              • Fuel System - E39/E46 with M54
              • Fuel System - E60
          • Engine Adaptation Values
          • Engine Misfire Diagnosis
          • Smooth Running Measurement
          • Valvetronic N62
          • N62 Engine Testing
          • MKA Adapter
          • Compression Test N62
            • Notes
            • Manual Compression Test (N62)
          • Rough Running Diagnosis (N62)
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
  • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications - V12
    • Introduction
    • Capacities
    • Automatic Transmission Fluid Level Check
      • Notes
      • Transmission Without Dipstick
    • Quick-Service
      • Service Intervals & Specifications
    • Mechanical Checks
      • Engine Compression
      • Valve Clearance
    • Ignition System
      • Crankshaft (Speed/Position Pulse) Sensor
      • Cylinder Identifying Sensor
      • Ignition Coil
      • Spark Plugs
      • Firing Order
      • Ignition Timing
    • Fuel System
      • Fuel Pump
      • Injector Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Mixture
      • Idle Speed Control (ISC) Motor
  • System
    • Coding And Programming - Overview
      • Introduction to Coding & Programming
        • Notes
        • What is Coding?
        • What is Programming?
        • What is the Purpose of Coding and Programming?
        • Where is Data Stored in a Control Module?
          • Notes
          • EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory)
          • EEPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory)
            • Notes
            • What is needed to Code and Program?
      • Coding & Programming Equipment
        • Notes
        • Equipment and Software
          • Notes
          • DISplus (Diagnostic Information System)
          • GT1 (Group Tester 1)
          • SSS (Software Service Station)
          • Diagnostic Head
          • OPPS Head - (Optical Testing & Programming System)
          • OPS Head - (Optical Programming System)
          • Deutronic Automatic Battery Charger
            • Notes
            • Hardware Operating Conditions
          • Coding & Programming Software
        • Networks
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Bus Systems
          • Workshop LAN Network
            • Notes
            • Workshop Network
          • Network Structure
            • Notes
            • Network Connections
            • Accessing Configuration Information - DISplus/GT1 & Interface(s)
              • Notes
              • Workshop Layout
              • Workshop Layout Index
          • Workshop Network Components
          • Common Terminology
            • Network
            • Local Area Network (LAN)
            • Ethernet
            • Ethernet Cable (CAT 5)
            • RJ-45 Connectors
            • Wall Jack
            • Switched HUB
            • Network Server
            • Automatic/Online Updates
            • Access Point
            • Interface Name
            • IP Address
            • IP Subnet Mask
            • Gateway
        • Remote Coding, Individualization & Programming Terminals
          • Notes
          • Software Service Station
          • OPPS/OPS/Diagnostic Head
            • Notes
            • OPPS
            • Ops
            • Diagnostic Head
          • MOST Direct Access Port
          • Equipment Configurations
        • Procedure for Coding & Programming
      • Coding Plug
        • Notes
        • Coding Plug
          • Notes
          • Coding Plug Identification
          • Ordering Replacement Coding Plug
        • Coding Plug Overview
          • Notes
          • Coding Plug Identification - E32/E34
            • Notes
            • From 2/89 to 9/91 Production
            • 9/90 Revision
            • E32/34 as of 9/91 (1992 Model Year)
          • E36 Instrument Cluster
            • 318i/is, 325i/is and M3
            • 318ti and Z3 Roadster
            • Test No. 09
        • Federal Odometer Disclosure Requirement 92-513
      • Variant Coding
        • Notes
        • Variant Coding
          • Notes
          • Variant Code Identification Display
          • Variant Code Structure
          • Variant Code Procedure
            • Notes
            • Adopt a Variant Code
            • Manually Entering a Variant Code
      • Coding Code
        • Notes
        • Coding Code (Code Number)
          • Notes
          • Code Number Identification
          • Coding Code Procedure
            • Notes
            • Ordering Pre-Coded Modules
          • Workshop Exercise
      • Vehicle Coding Information
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Coding Information
          • Introduction
        • ZCS Structure
          • Notes
          • ZCS Stored Location In Vehicle
          • ZCS Identification/Display
            • Notes
            • Accessing Stored ZCS Information
            • Accessing ZCS Information Label
            • ZCS Codable Control Modules
          • Workshop Exercise
        • Vehicle Order
      • EPROMs & EEPROMs
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Engine Control Module EPROM Programming
          • Notes
          • M3.1 Engine Control Modules
          • M3.3 & M3.3.1 Engine Control Modules
        • Engine Control Modules Flash (EEPROM) Programming
        • Transmission EPROMS
        • Transmission Control Module Flash (EEPROM) Programming
        • When is EPROM Replacement and/or Programming Necessary?
          • Notes
          • How A Replacement EPROM Or Control Module Is Determined
            • DME/ECM EPROM
            • TCM
          • Programming Procedure
            • Notes
            • Workshop Exercise - SIB Look-up
            • Determination Process for DME EPROM
            • Automatic Determination
            • Manual Determination
      • Progman
        • Notes
        • Progman Introduction
          • Notes
          • Progman
          • Administration
          • JETstream
          • Multiconsole/Multisession
          • CIP
        • What Will Progman Do For Me?
          • Notes
          • Before Progman (CIP 15.0)
          • With Progman (CIP15.0)
        • Getting Started With Progman
        • Administration
          • Notes
          • Interfaces
            • Notes
            • Explanation of Status Indicators
            • Examples of Possible Combinations
              • Interface Name
            • Version
            • IP Address
            • External Interface
          • Overview
          • Configuration
            • Notes
            • Interface Name
            • IP Address
            • Gateway
            • IP Subnet Mask
          • Interface Update
            • Notes
            • Updating Interface after Initial Install
          • Self-Test
          • External Interface
          • Settings
            • Notes
            • Overview
            • Operating Status
            • Network
            • Installation
            • FASTA
            • Date and Time
            • Operating Times
            • User Interface
          • Workshop Exercise - Configuration Check
        • Starting a Programming or Coding Session with Progman
          • Notes
          • Disconnecting From Interface To Be Used By Progman
          • Starting A Session With Progman
            • Notes
            • Access CIP Functions For E31E32/E34/E36/E38/E39/E46/E52/E53
            • Access CIP Functions For E60/E62/E63/E64/E65/E83/E85...
          • Return To Progman "Home" Screen
          • Progman "Home" Screen Session Status
          • Going From Progman To Diagnosis On GT1
          • Going From Diagnosis To Progman On GT1
        • Shutting Down the SSS
          • Notes
          • Workshop Exercise - Access CIP & ZCS
      • Coding, Individualization & Programming (CIP)
        • Notes
        • Coding, Individualization & Programming
          • Introduction
          • Integration Levels
          • Measures Plan
          • Initial CIP Screen
          • CIP Main Selection Screen
          • Control Module Replacement Yes/No
        • CIP Functions - If No (Non MOST-Bus Vehicles with VO)
        • CIP Functions - If No (MOST-Bus Vehicles)
        • Control Module Selection - Programming - Update Software
          • Notes
          • Control Module Selection-Programming-Special Measures
          • Retrofits
        • Management
          • Notes
          • Management - Reports
          • Management - Application - Test & Version
        • Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Vehicle - Vehicle Order
          • Vehicle - Initialization
          • Vehicle - Service Function
          • Vehicle - Complete Encoding
        • CIP Functions - If Yes
        • CKM - Individualization (Vehicle & Key Memory)
        • ZCS Coding Procedure
          • Notes
          • Coding Control Modules That Store The ZCS
            • Notes
            • Manual Input of ZCS Data
          • Automatic Coding Procedure
          • Additional ZCS Coding Functions
            • Notes
            • Retrofit
            • Conversion
    • EML III - Overview - 7-Series, 8-Series
      • EML IIIs
        • Notes
        • Purpose Of The System
        • Components
        • Throttle Valve (DK) Motors
        • Stepper Motor Control
        • Conditions Of Stepper Motor Control
        • Throttle Position Sensor (PWG)
        • External Safety Path
        • Basic Adaption Of The PWG
        • EML IIIs CONTROL MODULE
        • Cruise Control Operation
        • Cylinder Bank Synchronization
        • Fault Recognition/Diagnosis
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Coding And Programming - Overview
      • Introduction to Coding & Programming
        • Notes
        • What is Coding?
        • What is Programming?
        • What is the Purpose of Coding and Programming?
        • Where is Data Stored in a Control Module?
          • Notes
          • EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory)
          • EEPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory)
            • Notes
            • What is needed to Code and Program?
      • Coding & Programming Equipment
        • Notes
        • Equipment and Software
          • Notes
          • DISplus (Diagnostic Information System)
          • GT1 (Group Tester 1)
          • SSS (Software Service Station)
          • Diagnostic Head
          • OPPS Head - (Optical Testing & Programming System)
          • OPS Head - (Optical Programming System)
          • Deutronic Automatic Battery Charger
            • Notes
            • Hardware Operating Conditions
          • Coding & Programming Software
        • Networks
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Bus Systems
          • Workshop LAN Network
            • Notes
            • Workshop Network
          • Network Structure
            • Notes
            • Network Connections
            • Accessing Configuration Information - DISplus/GT1 & Interface(s)
              • Notes
              • Workshop Layout
              • Workshop Layout Index
          • Workshop Network Components
          • Common Terminology
            • Network
            • Local Area Network (LAN)
            • Ethernet
            • Ethernet Cable (CAT 5)
            • RJ-45 Connectors
            • Wall Jack
            • Switched HUB
            • Network Server
            • Automatic/Online Updates
            • Access Point
            • Interface Name
            • IP Address
            • IP Subnet Mask
            • Gateway
        • Remote Coding, Individualization & Programming Terminals
          • Notes
          • Software Service Station
          • OPPS/OPS/Diagnostic Head
            • Notes
            • OPPS
            • Ops
            • Diagnostic Head
          • MOST Direct Access Port
          • Equipment Configurations
        • Procedure for Coding & Programming
      • Coding Plug
        • Notes
        • Coding Plug
          • Notes
          • Coding Plug Identification
          • Ordering Replacement Coding Plug
        • Coding Plug Overview
          • Notes
          • Coding Plug Identification - E32/E34
            • Notes
            • From 2/89 to 9/91 Production
            • 9/90 Revision
            • E32/34 as of 9/91 (1992 Model Year)
          • E36 Instrument Cluster
            • 318i/is, 325i/is and M3
            • 318ti and Z3 Roadster
            • Test No. 09
        • Federal Odometer Disclosure Requirement 92-513
      • Variant Coding
        • Notes
        • Variant Coding
          • Notes
          • Variant Code Identification Display
          • Variant Code Structure
          • Variant Code Procedure
            • Notes
            • Adopt a Variant Code
            • Manually Entering a Variant Code
      • Coding Code
        • Notes
        • Coding Code (Code Number)
          • Notes
          • Code Number Identification
          • Coding Code Procedure
            • Notes
            • Ordering Pre-Coded Modules
          • Workshop Exercise
      • Vehicle Coding Information
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Coding Information
          • Introduction
        • ZCS Structure
          • Notes
          • ZCS Stored Location In Vehicle
          • ZCS Identification/Display
            • Notes
            • Accessing Stored ZCS Information
            • Accessing ZCS Information Label
            • ZCS Codable Control Modules
          • Workshop Exercise
        • Vehicle Order
      • EPROMs & EEPROMs
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Engine Control Module EPROM Programming
          • Notes
          • M3.1 Engine Control Modules
          • M3.3 & M3.3.1 Engine Control Modules
        • Engine Control Modules Flash (EEPROM) Programming
        • Transmission EPROMS
        • Transmission Control Module Flash (EEPROM) Programming
        • When is EPROM Replacement and/or Programming Necessary?
          • Notes
          • How A Replacement EPROM Or Control Module Is Determined
            • DME/ECM EPROM
            • TCM
          • Programming Procedure
            • Notes
            • Workshop Exercise - SIB Look-up
            • Determination Process for DME EPROM
            • Automatic Determination
            • Manual Determination
      • Progman
        • Notes
        • Progman Introduction
          • Notes
          • Progman
          • Administration
          • JETstream
          • Multiconsole/Multisession
          • CIP
        • What Will Progman Do For Me?
          • Notes
          • Before Progman (CIP 15.0)
          • With Progman (CIP15.0)
        • Getting Started With Progman
        • Administration
          • Notes
          • Interfaces
            • Notes
            • Explanation of Status Indicators
            • Examples of Possible Combinations
              • Interface Name
            • Version
            • IP Address
            • External Interface
          • Overview
          • Configuration
            • Notes
            • Interface Name
            • IP Address
            • Gateway
            • IP Subnet Mask
          • Interface Update
            • Notes
            • Updating Interface after Initial Install
          • Self-Test
          • External Interface
          • Settings
            • Notes
            • Overview
            • Operating Status
            • Network
            • Installation
            • FASTA
            • Date and Time
            • Operating Times
            • User Interface
          • Workshop Exercise - Configuration Check
        • Starting a Programming or Coding Session with Progman
          • Notes
          • Disconnecting From Interface To Be Used By Progman
          • Starting A Session With Progman
            • Notes
            • Access CIP Functions For E31E32/E34/E36/E38/E39/E46/E52/E53
            • Access CIP Functions For E60/E62/E63/E64/E65/E83/E85...
          • Return To Progman "Home" Screen
          • Progman "Home" Screen Session Status
          • Going From Progman To Diagnosis On GT1
          • Going From Diagnosis To Progman On GT1
        • Shutting Down the SSS
          • Notes
          • Workshop Exercise - Access CIP & ZCS
      • Coding, Individualization & Programming (CIP)
        • Notes
        • Coding, Individualization & Programming
          • Introduction
          • Integration Levels
          • Measures Plan
          • Initial CIP Screen
          • CIP Main Selection Screen
          • Control Module Replacement Yes/No
        • CIP Functions - If No (Non MOST-Bus Vehicles with VO)
        • CIP Functions - If No (MOST-Bus Vehicles)
        • Control Module Selection - Programming - Update Software
          • Notes
          • Control Module Selection-Programming-Special Measures
          • Retrofits
        • Management
          • Notes
          • Management - Reports
          • Management - Application - Test & Version
        • Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Vehicle - Vehicle Order
          • Vehicle - Initialization
          • Vehicle - Service Function
          • Vehicle - Complete Encoding
        • CIP Functions - If Yes
        • CKM - Individualization (Vehicle & Key Memory)
        • ZCS Coding Procedure
          • Notes
          • Coding Control Modules That Store The ZCS
            • Notes
            • Manual Input of ZCS Data
          • Automatic Coding Procedure
          • Additional ZCS Coding Functions
            • Notes
            • Retrofit
            • Conversion
    • EML III - Overview - 7-Series, 8-Series
      • EML IIIs
        • Notes
        • Purpose Of The System
        • Components
        • Throttle Valve (DK) Motors
        • Stepper Motor Control
        • Conditions Of Stepper Motor Control
        • Throttle Position Sensor (PWG)
        • External Safety Path
        • Basic Adaption Of The PWG
        • EML IIIs CONTROL MODULE
        • Cruise Control Operation
        • Cylinder Bank Synchronization
        • Fault Recognition/Diagnosis
  • Theory and Operation
    • EML III - Overview - 7-Series, 8-Series
      • EML IIIs
        • Notes
        • Purpose Of The System
        • Components
        • Throttle Valve (DK) Motors
        • Stepper Motor Control
        • Conditions Of Stepper Motor Control
        • Throttle Position Sensor (PWG)
        • External Safety Path
        • Basic Adaption Of The PWG
        • EML IIIs CONTROL MODULE
        • Cruise Control Operation
        • Cylinder Bank Synchronization
        • Fault Recognition/Diagnosis
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
      • Engine Diagnosis
        • Engine Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Compression Testing
          • Cylinder Leakage Testing
            • Notes
            • Workshop Hints on Cylinder Leakage Testing
          • Cylinder Arrangement And Firing Order
          • Ignition System Diagnosis
          • Fuel System Testing
            • Notes
            • Fuel Volume Testing
            • Residual Pressure
              • Notes
              • Fuel System - E32 with M60
              • Fuel System - E39/E46 with M54
              • Fuel System - E60
          • Engine Adaptation Values
          • Engine Misfire Diagnosis
          • Smooth Running Measurement
          • Valvetronic N62
          • N62 Engine Testing
          • MKA Adapter
          • Compression Test N62
            • Notes
            • Manual Compression Test (N62)
          • Rough Running Diagnosis (N62)
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
      • Ignition, distributor
        • 12 11 094 Replacing both distributor caps (M 73)
        • 12 11 096 Replacing left distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 098 Replacing right distributor cap (M73)
        • 12 11 114 Replacing both distributor rotors (M73)
        • 12 11 116 Replacing left distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 118 Replacing right distributor rotor (M73)
        • 12 11 206 Checking left distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
        • 12 11 208 Checking right distributor cap, ignition leads and ignition line connector (M73)
      • Ignition wires, spark plugs
        • 12 12 011 Replacing all spark plugs (M73)
        • 12 12 036 Replacing all left ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 038 Replacing all right ignition leads (M73)
        • 12 12 072 Replace one spark plug connector (M40, M42, M43, M44, M73).
        • 12 12 151 Replacing one suppressor plug (M73)
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Notes on checking ignition system
        • 12 13... Checking secondary signal for stationary ignition distribution
        • 12 13... Normal oscillogram (M, S, W engines only)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (M73)
        • 12 13 009 Checking ignition coils (secondary coil)
        • 12 13 511 Replacing ignition coil (M73)
      • Electronic Switching
        • 12 14 500 Removing and installing / replacing both control units (Digital Motor Electronics) (M73)
        • 12 14 518 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 519 Replacing impulse sensor (cylinder bank 1-6) (M73)
        • 12 14 525 Replacing sensor for cylinder recognition (camshaft sensor) (M73)
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 14 610 Replacing right knock sensors (cylinder bank1-6)(M73)
        • 12 14 611 Replacing left knock sensors (cylinder bank 7-12) (M73)
        • 12 14 700 Coding control module (DME / DDE)
        • 12 14 705 Programming control unit (DME / DDE)
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
      • Alternator with drive
        • 12 xx xxx Removing and installing/replacing outer jacket for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31... Replacing alternator belt pulley
        • 12 31 009 Checking alternator and regulator switch
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 020 Removing and installing/replacing alternator (liquid-cooled) (M73)
        • 12 31 230 Removing and installing / replacing mounting block for alternator (M73)
        • 12 31 400 Replacing cooling air duct for alternator (M60, M62, M73)
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 501 Replacing voltage regulator (Valeo/Bosch)
      • Starter with Mounting
        • 2 41... Checking components of starting motor (electric test)
        • 12 41 020 Removing and installing or replacing starter (M73)
        • 12 41 041 Replacing solenoid switch
        • 12 41 103 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starter motor
        • 12 41 513 Disassembling and assembling starting motor/transmission gear
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes
        • 12 41 551 Replacing carbon brushes (starter motor with countershaft)
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 500 Removing and installing or replacing battery positive lead (between starter, alternator and battery positive support point) (M73)
        • 12 42 520 Removing and installing or replacing positive battery wire (between alternator and positive battery support point on cylinder head cover) (M73)
        • 12 42 540 Replacing safety battery terminal (SBK)
          • Notes
          • Battery in engine compartment
          • Battery in luggage compartment behind side trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under floor trim panel
          • Battery in luggage compartment under spare wheel
      • Engine wiring loom
        • 12 51 001 Wiring harness - replacing engine section (M73)
      • Oil pressure - oil temperature
        • 12 61 280 Removing and installing or replacing oil pressure switch (M73)
        • 12 61 285 Replacing level switch for engine oil (M73)
      • Switches an relays
        • 12 63 500 Replacing temperature sensor for electronics
        • 12 63 520 Replacing main relay (for Digital Motor Electronics) (M 73)
      • EML electronic engine
        • 12 70 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC) (M73)
      • Electronic Control Unit
        • 12 71 000 Function check of Electronic Engine Power Control (EPC)(M73)
        • 12 71 530 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for Electronic Engine Power Control (EML) (M73)
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 14 570 Replacing control unit for electric catalytic converter (M73)
        • 12 72 520 Removing and installing/replacing accelerator sensor (M73)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
      • Engine Electrical System
        • 12 1 080 Repair kit
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 170 Spark plug tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 200 Torque limiter 30 Nm
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 1 300 Adapter set for 134-pin module plug
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 12 1 305 Zero-coded cover cap for 52-pin test box (12 1300/304)
      • 12 7 060 Anti-Static Mat (ESD)
      • 12 7 110 Socket wrench socket WAF 24
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 121 Counterholder wrench
      • 12 7 122 Socket
      • 12 7 130 3/8" extension piece (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 12 7 190 Eprom tools / ID marking
      • 12 7 200 Set of tools
      • 12 7 210 Control unit seal
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
      • Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs E38
        • 12 12 Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs M73
      • Ignition Coil
        • 12 13 Ignition Coil E38
      • Electriconic Switching Or Control Units
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units E38
      • Alternator with drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts E38
      • Regulator
        • 12 32 Regulator E38
      • Starter With Mounting
        • 12 41 Starter Motor with Bracket, Solenoid Switch E38
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts E38
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display E38
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Ignition Wires, Spark
        • 12 12 Spark Plugs
      • Electronic Switching Or Control Unit
        • 12 14 Electronic Shift Units or Control Units
      • Alternator with Drive and Mount
        • 12 31 Alternator with Drive and Mounting Parts
      • Regulater
        • 12 32 Governor
      • Starter and Mounting Parts
        • 12 41 Starter and Mounting Parts
      • Starter Lead
        • 12 42 Wires to starter
      • Connectors, Plugs, Loom
        • 12 52 Plug Connectors, Terminals
      • Oil pressure, oil temperature gauge
        • 12 61 Oil pressure, oil temperature, oil level display
      • Coolant Temperature
        • 12 62 Coolant Temperature
      • Sensor for Control Unit
        • 12 72 Senders for Control Unit
      • Control Unit Box
        • 12 90 Control Unit Housing
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • BMW Model & Engine Identification
      • Model Identification
        • Model Year Index
        • 1984
        • 1985
        • 1986
        • 1987
        • 1988
        • 1989
        • 1990
        • 1991
        • 1992
        • 1993
        • 1994
        • 1995
        • 1996
        • 1997
        • 1998
        • 1999
        • 2000
        • 2001
        • 2002
        • 2003
        • 2004
        • 2005
        • 2006
        • 2007
        • 2008
        • 2009
        • 2010
        • 2011
        • 2012
        • 2013
        • 2014
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • General Information - Special Tools - E38
      • 00 0 010 Special Tool Board I Complete
      • 00 0 020 Special Tool Board II Complete
      • 00 0 030 Special tool board III complete
      • 00 0 040 Special tool board IV complete
      • 00 0 050 Caption board: "SPECIAL TOOLS"
      • 00 0 051 Film sheet, German
      • 00 0 052 Film sheet, English
      • 00 0 053 Film sheet, French
      • 00 0 054 Film sheet, Dutch
      • 00 0 055 Film sheet, Italian
      • 00 0 056 Film sheet, Spanish
      • 00 0 060 Special tool board V complete
      • 00 0 070 Special tool cabinet, length 6 m
      • 00 0 080 Folding index
      • 00 0 120 Cardboard box (set) for cable cabinet
      • 00 0 130 Special tool board VI complete
      • 00 0 150 Special tool cabinet
      • 00 0 170 Parts cabinet
      • 00 0 180 Cable cabinet II, complete
      • 00 0 190 Cable cabinet I, complete
      • 00 0 200 Cross member
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 0 210 Conversion kit
      • 00 0 220 Special tool cabinet, length 2 m
      • 00 0 230 Holders and rollers
      • 00 0 240 Small moving special tool board without films
      • 00 0 250 Shelf
      • 00 0 260 Drawer block
      • 00 0 270 Rear panel (2 pcs.)
      • 00 0 280 Film sheet and hook sets from special tool board VII
      • 00 0 334 Supplementary film / hook set
      • 00 0 335 Supplementary film / hook set
      • 00 0 336 Supplementary film / hook set
      • 00 0 337 Supplementary film / hook set
      • 00 0 338 Supplementary film / hook set
      • 00 0 339 Supplementary film / hook set
      • 00 0 341 Supplementary film / hook set
      • 00 0 342 Supplementary film and hook set
      • 00 0 343 Film and hook set
      • 00 0 344 Film and hook set
      • 00 0 450 Cross-member / sub-no.
      • 00 1 000 Special tool cabinet, length 6 m, complete current range of equipment.
      • 00 1 010 Special tool cabinet, length 4 m and 2 m, complete current range of equipment.
      • 00 1 140 E87 film and hook set
      • 00 1 150 N 52 film and hook set
      • 00 1 300 Tool cabinet, USA version, complete
      • 00 1 310 Tool boards, complete, USA version
      • 00 1 320 Film set, complete, USA version
      • 00 1 340 Hook set, complete, for 00 1 300, USA version
      • 00 1 450 Assembly stand
      • 00 1 460 Engine support plates
      • 00 2 010 Skid-resistance tester
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 2 020 Mobile mounting aid
      • 00 2 030 Universal hydro-lifter basic unit
      • 00 2 040 Basic take-up fixture
      • 00 2 050 Torque wrench, adjustable from 1 to 36 Nm
      • 00 2 060 Adapter
      • 00 2 080 Hand pump
      • 00 2 100 Torx socket T20, T25, T27
      • 00 2 130 Torx socket T25
      • 00 2 140 Torx socket T20 with hole
      • 00 2 190 Socket WAF 11
      • 00 2 210 Exhaust pipe cutter
      • 00 2 220 Wrench sockets 11/10 A/F
      • 00 2 250 Special pliers for cable reconditioning
      • 00 2 400 Set of measuring tools
      • 00 2 480 Measurement stand with clamp
      • 00 2 490 Adapter for dial gauge holder
      • 00 2 500 Dial gauge holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 2 510 Dial gauge with feeler
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 2 520 Torx sockets E10, E12, E14
      • 00 2 550 Depth gauge
      • 00 2 590 Plastigage (5)
      • 00 3 520 Valve seat turning tool in case (Hunger)
      • 00 3 580 Set of valve seat milling cutters in case (Neway)
      • 00 4 210 Seat of reamers with guide cones 6, 7 and 8 mm
      • 00 4 420 Charger
      • 00 5 010 Universal puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 5 030 Special pliers for seat belt limiter
      • 00 5 040 Riveting tool
      • 00 5 500 Handle for drifts
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 7 500 Universal puller Kukko 17/K
      • 00 8 000 Hydraulic puller tool
      • 00 8 500 Universal puller Kukko 204-2
      • 00 8 550 Universal puller Kukko 21/5, 22-2
      • 00 8 600 Hook set
      • 00 8 660 Magnet
      • 00 8 690 Washers and screws
      • 00 9 100 Spanner
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 110 Circlip pliers
      • 00 9 120 Torque angle measuring dial
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 150 Lead sealing pliers
      • 00 9 160 Crow-foot wrench WAF 19
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 200 Setting tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 220 Bending lever (2 x)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 230 Setting gauge
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 280 Support bracket
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 290 Riveting tool
      • 00 9 300 Disassembly aid (4)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 310 Assembly wedges (13)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 340 Disassembly aid (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 00 9 410 Paint test kit
      • 00 9 430 Noise sensor
      • 00 9 480 File with operating instructions
    • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • * Please Read This First *
      • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • Application
        • Notes
        • Introduction/Engine/VIN Id
      • Emission Applications
        • Notes
        • Emission Application Tables
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Adjustment
        • Notes
        • On-Vehicle Adjustments
      • Theory & Operation
      • Testing & Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Basic Diagnostic Procedures/Basic Testing
        • Self-Diagnostics/Tests W/Codes
        • Trouble Shooting - No Codes/Tests W/O Codes
        • System & Component Testing
      • Pin Voltage Charts
      • Sensor Range Charts
        • Notes
        • Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams - Engine Performance
        • Notes
        • 2002 & Earlier
        • 2003 & Later
    • Operating Fluids - Maintenance & General Information
      • 1.0 Introduction
      • 2.0 Corrosion Protection For Vehicle In Long-term Storage
        • Notes
        • Pre-Delivery Cars
        • Exterior Finish
      • 3.0 Conversion Table
      • 4.0 Alternate Universal Lubricants And Workshop Supplies
      • 5.0 Approved Operating Fluids Sources
    • Vehicle Features - Overview - E38, E39 & E53
      • Vehicle Features
        • Notes
        • Park Distance Control
          • Introduction
          • Components
            • Notes
            • PDC Control Module
            • PDC Switch
          • Ultra-Sonic Sensors
            • Notes
            • Transmitting Mode
            • Receiving Mode
          • System Operation
          • Diagnosis
        • Cruise Control
          • Introduction
          • Components
            • Notes
            • Main Switch
            • Cruise Control Switches
          • Multi-Function Steering Wheel
            • Notes
            • Cruise Control Module
            • Cruise Control Actuator (V-8 95-98)
            • Electronic Throttle Control
          • Cruise Control Operation
            • Early Models (Pre-97)
            • Vehicle With Electronic Throttle Control
            • Cruise Control Switch Operation
            • Cruise Control Module
          • Plausibility/Safety Features
          • Diagnosis/Coding
            • Notes
            • EML IPO (M73/M73TU)
        • BMW Universal Transmitter
          • Notes
          • Programming
            • Notes
            • Rolling Code UGDO
            • Procedure
        • Heated Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Operation
            • Notes
            • Heated Steering Wheel Schematic
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Notes
        • CBS Reset With Diagnosis System
        • CBS Reset In The Car
        • CBS Reset Of Inspections/Tests Required By Law
    • Emissions Maintenance Reminder
      • Notes
      • Emissions Maintenance Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Emissions Maintenance Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
    • Maintenance Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Description
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Notes
        • Resetting Service Interval Indicator
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Resetting TPM With iDrive
        • Resetting TPM Without iDrive
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • With iDrive
          • Indirect System (Flat Tire Monitor)
          • Direct System (Tire Pressure Monitor)
        • Without iDrive
          • Indirect System (Flat Tire Monitor)
          • Direct System (Tire Pressure Monitor)
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
  • Restraints
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • ACURA
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Driver-Side Air Bag (Integra)
          • Disabling Passenger-Side Air Bag (Integra)
          • Activating System (Integra)
          • Disabling System (Legend)
          • Activating System (Legend)
          • Disabling System (2.5TL & 3.2TL)
          • Activating System (2.5TL & 3.2TL)
      • AUDI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling Activating Air Bag System
      • BMW
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • CHRYSLER & MITSUBISHI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Activating System
      • Geo
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Metro & Firefly (Canadian) & Tracker
          • Prizm
      • HONDA
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Driver-Side Air Bag
          • Disabling Passenger-Side Air Bag
          • Activating System
      • HYUNDAI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • INFINITI
      • ISUZU
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Except Hombre)
          • Activating System (Except Hombre)
          • Disabling System (Hombre)
          • Activating System (Hombre)
      • Jaguar
        • System Operation Check
          • Except XJS
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling & Activating System (Except XJS)
          • Disabling & Activating System (XJS Driver-Side Air Bag)
          • Disabling & Activating System (XJS Passenger-Side Air Bag)
      • KIA
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • Land Rover
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • LEXUS
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Miata, Millenia, MPV, MX-6, Pickup, Protege & 626)
          • Activating System (Miata, Millenia, MPV, MX-6, Pickup, Protege & 626)
          • Disabling System (MX-3, RX7 & 929)
          • Activating System (MX-3, RX7 & 929)
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling System (C220 & C280)
          • Activating System (C220 & C280)
          • Disabling System (E300D, E320, E420 & E500)
          • Activating System (E300D, E320, E420 & E500)
          • Disabling System (5320, S350D, S420 & S500)
          • Activating System (S320, S350D, S420 & S500)
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • PORSCHE
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • SAAB
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • SUBARU
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • SUZUKI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • TOYOTA
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • VOLKSWAGEN
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • VOLVO
        • System Operation Check
          • Notes
          • Seat Belt Tensioner Inspection
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Common Specs & Procedures
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • A/C System Specifications
      • A/C System Specifications
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • UNDERHOOD - MICROFILTER
          • Passenger Compartment - Recirculated Air Filter
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC - Repair
      • Heater With Air Conditioning
        • 64 11... Installing servodrive
        • 64 11 205 Removing and installing or replacing heater
        • 64 11 207 Replacing heater core (air conditioner control)
        • 64 11 208 Replacing heater core (air conditioner control)
        • 64 11 212 Removing and installing or replacing fan for heater and air conditioner (air conditioner control)
        • 64 11 213 Removing and installing or replacing blower for heater and air conditioner (automatic air conditioner)
        • 64 11 231 Removing and installing or replacing switch for blower on air conditioner
        • 64 11 260 Removing and installing / replacing auxiliary water pump
        • 64 11 271 Replacing water valve for heater
        • 64 11 320 Replacing front plate (air conditioner control)
        • 64 11 321 Replacing front plate (air conditioner controls)
        • 64 11 327 Replacing base plate for heater controls
        • 64 11 730 Removing and installing or replacing regulator for heater blower
        • 64 11 750 Removing and installing heater control
        • 64 11 772 Removing and installing / replacing the rear fan completely
        • 64 11 773 Removing and installing / replacing the rear fan
        • 64 11 794 Removing and installing / replacing the controller for the rear fan
        • 64 11 796 Removing and installing the heater actuator for the rear fan completely
        • 64 11 797 Replacing the heater actuator for the rear fan
      • Auxiliary Heater
        • 64 12... Bleeding independent heating (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 005 Checking function of independent heating (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 015 Removing and installing complete heater (Thermo Top Z/C)
        • 64 12 016 Replacing complete heater (Thermo Top Z/C)
        • 64 12 500 Removing and installing / replacing complete heater (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 505 Removing and installing / replacing glow element (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 510 Removing and installing / replacing flame detector (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 520 Removing and installing / replacing control unit with heat exchanger (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 530 Removing and installing / replacing combustion air blower (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 535 Removing and installing / replacing burner insert (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 540 Removing and installing / replacing circulation pump (Thermo Top S)
        • 64 12 590 Removing and installing or replacing muffler
        • 64 12 600 Removing and installing or replacing fuel pump
        • 64 12 650 Removing and installing / replacing receiver/Telestart of independent heating
        • 64 99... Overview of defects for independent heating Thermo Top S
      • Nozzle and outlets
        • 64 22 135 Removing and installing / replacing left fresh-air grille
        • 64 22 136 Removing and installing / replacing right fresh-air grille
        • 64 22 161 Removing and installing / replacing center fresh-air grille (air conditioner control)
        • 64 22 161 Removing and installing / replacing center fresh-air grille (climate control)
        • 64 22 190 Removing and installing / replacing fresh - air grille in rear of car
      • Microfilter
        • 64 31 010 Replacing micro filter for interior ventilation
        • 64 31 015 Replacing filter inserts for recirculating air
        • 64 31 050 Removing and installing or replacing fresh air duct
      • Air Conditioning System
        • 64 50... Air conditioner test (R 134a)
        • 64 50... Leak-testing with leak tester device
        • 64 50... Safety instructions for handling refrigerant R 134a
        • 64 50... Safety precautions when handling refrigerant oil (for refrigerant R 134a)
        • 64 50... Troubleshooting by pressure measurement (R 134a)
        • 64 50 009 Drawing off, evacuating and filling A/C system (R 134a)
      • A/C Housing Evaporator
        • 64 51 520 Removing and installing / replacing expansion valve (air conditioner control)
        • 64 51 522 Removing and installing / replacing expansion valve (air-conditioning)
        • 64 51 524 Removing and installing / replacing expansion valve (automatic air conditioner)
        • 64 51 590 Removing and installing / replacing evaporator (air conditioner control)
      • Compressor
        • 64 52... Instructions for compressor replacement
        • 64 52 520 Removing and installing/replacing complete A/C compressor
      • Condenser And Dryer
        • 17 11 530 Removing and installing cassette (condenser for air conditioner)
        • 64 53... Notes on replacing drier bottle or drier insert
        • 64 53 510 Removing and installing / replacing drier flask for air conditioner
        • 64 53 550 Removing and installing or replacing condenser for air conditioner
      • Troubleshooting
        • 64 99... Fault 01 Combustion air blower
        • 64 99... Fault 02 Flame detector
        • 64 99... Fault 03 Glow plug
        • 64 99... Fault 04 Circulation pump
        • 64 99... Fault 05 Temperature sensor
        • 64 99... Fault 06 Park heating metering pump
        • 64 99... Fault 07 Overheating protection
        • 64 99... Fault 08 Burner insert
        • 64 99... Fault 1.1 Combustion air blower
        • 64 99... Fault 4.1 Circulation pump
        • 64 99... Fault 6.1
        • 64 99... Fault 6.2
        • 64 99... Overview of defects for independent heating Thermo Top S
        • 64 99... Reading out flashcode
          • Notes
          • Flashcode evaluation
    • HVAC - Special Tools
      • Heating and air Conditioning
        • 64 1 020 Release hook
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 64 1 230 Adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 64 1 251 Spray lance, RHD vehicles
      • 64 1 252 Guide
      • 64 1 491 Spray lance (LHD vehicles)
      • 64 1 492 Guide for spray lance (LHD vehicles)
      • 64 5 000 Puller
      • 64 5 010 Puller
      • 64 5 020 Holder
      • 64 5 030 Puller
      • 64 5 040 Installation sleeve
      • 64 5 060 Installation drift
      • 64 5 100 Set of sealing adapters
    • HVAC - Technical Data
      • Air Conditioning System
        • 64 50 A/C system, refrigerant amounts E38
        • 64 50 A/C system, refrigerant amounts E46
      • AC housing/evaporater With Shift Elements
        • 64 51 Air Conditioner (evaporator), Shift Elements
        • 64 51 Air Conditioner (expansion valve), Shift Elements
      • Compressor
        • 64 53 Compressor E38
      • Condenser and dryer With Lines
        • 64 53 Compressor E38
    • HVAC - Tightening Torques
      • Auxilary Heater With Control Elements
        • 64 12 Additional Heater with Controls
        • 64 12 Electric Auxiliary Heater
      • Compressor
        • 64 52 A/C compressor
    • IHKA Climate Control - Overview - 7-Series (E38)
      • IHKA E38 Climate Control System
        • Introduction
        • IHKA E38
          • Notes
          • IHKA E38 Control Panel/Module (Up To 5/96 Production)
          • Changes To 7-Series (E38) IHKA Control Panel:
          • IHKA E38 Control Panel/Module Functions
          • Substitute Value Operation
          • IHKA E38 Housing Assembly
          • IHKA E38 Temperature Sensing
          • IHKA E38 IPO
          • IHKA E38 Air Intake
          • IHKA E38 Blower Control
          • IHKA E38 Air Distribution
          • IHKA E38 Temperature Regulation
          • IHKA E38 Temperature Mixing
          • IHKA E38 Compressor Control
            • Notes
            • A/C Compressor Control (5/97 And Later 740, 9/97 And Later 750)
            • Signal Korel
            • AC Compressor Control '99 Model Year
          • IHKA E38 Auxiliary Fan Control (Up To 96 MY)
            • Notes
            • Auxiliary Fan Control
            • Auxiliary Fan Control ('99 Model Year - E38)
          • IHKA E38 Rear Window Defroster
            • Notes
            • E38 Windshield Base/Washer Spray Jet Heaters
          • IHKA E38 Parked Car Ventilation
          • Special Functions
            • Notes
            • Cold Start Arrest
            • Service-Station Feature
            • "Rest" Feature
            • Remote Recirculated Air
            • Automatic Recirculated Air (AUC)
        • IHKA Personalization - E38
        • Diagnosis
    • Operating Fluids - Air Conditioning And Heating
      • 1.0 Air Conditioner Refrigerant
        • Freon(R)
        • Safety Warning
        • HFC-134a
      • 2.0 Refrigeration Oil
        • Oil Used in Freon(R)-Charged Systems
        • Oil Used in R-134a-Charged Systems:
      • 3.0 Air Conditioning Unit Disinfectants
      • 4.0 Air Conditioner Refrigeration/Oil Fill Capacities
        • Notes
        • Refrigerant, Special Features, Production Range, Fill Capacity g (lbs), Fill Capacity ml (oz), BMW P/N
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Brake Pad Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Notes
        • CBS Reset With Diagnosis System
        • CBS Reset In The Car
        • CBS Reset Of Inspections/Tests Required By Law
    • Emissions Maintenance Reminder
      • Notes
      • Emissions Maintenance Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Emissions Maintenance Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
    • Maintenance Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Description
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Notes
        • Resetting Service Interval Indicator
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Resetting TPM With iDrive
        • Resetting TPM Without iDrive
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • With iDrive
          • Indirect System (Flat Tire Monitor)
          • Direct System (Tire Pressure Monitor)
        • Without iDrive
          • Indirect System (Flat Tire Monitor)
          • Direct System (Tire Pressure Monitor)
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Air Bag - Trouble Codes
      • Identification
      • SRS Diagnostic Trouble Code Tables
        • SRS 1
        • SRS 2
        • MRS
        • MRS2
        • MRS3
        • BAE & ZAE
        • ZAE2
        • 5WK4 060
        • MRS4
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools - E38
      • Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft
        • 65 1 010 Test lead
          • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 65 2 000 Spanner
      • 65 2 100 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 65 2 400 Angle connector (5)
      • 65 5 010 Test kit
      • 65 5 400 Release bracket
      • 65 7 100 Adapter lead ZAE/MRS
      • 65 7 110 Adapter lead
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
      • Troubleshooting
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
          • Notes
          • Danger of explosion!
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Wiring Harness
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
      • Auxiliary Cable
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
      • Plug Connection Terminal
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Special tools for wiring harness repairs
        • 61 13... Unlocking and disconnecting different plug connections
        • 61 13... Antenna elbow plug on radio receiver
        • 61 13... Base of tab connector housings
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Power Quadlock contacts (MPQ)
        • 61 13... Crimping Micro Quadlock System contacts (MQS)
        • 61 13... Crimping annular contacts
        • 61 13... Crimping optical fibres
        • 61 13... Cutting off, stripping insulation and cutting optical fibres to length
          • Notes
          • Cutting optical fibre
          • Stripping insulation from optical fibre
          • Cutting optical fibre to length
        • 61 13... Front left wiring harness repair
        • 61 13... Opening plug housings and removing contacts of different plug systems
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
        • 61 13... Repairing front right wiring harness
        • 61 13... Retaining bracket
        • 61 13... Socket housing (radio plug), Hybrid System MQS/MPQ
      • Battery
        • 12 00... Instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with a two-battery system
        • 12 00... Instructions on starting aid
        • 61 00... Battery
          • Notes
          • Battery care and maintenance
          • Battery test
        • 61 00... Battery charging
        • 61 00... Notes for cars with twin - battery system
          • Notes
          • Block diagram for twin-battery system
          • In starting sequence with system battery flat/faulty
          • In starting sequence with starter battery flat/faulty
          • Stationary operation/neutral position
          • Driving/charging operation (alternator)
          • Charging operation with battery charger
        • 61 00... Safety instructions for handling vehicle battery
        • 61 20... Threshold values for battery inspection of all battery (telephone except for telephone battery)
          • Notes
          • Test step 1 - before charging the battery
          • Test step 2- after charging the battery
        • 61 20... Battery open-circuit current test
      • Battery - Vapor Separate
        • 61 21 010 Removing and installing battery
      • Switch
        • 61 31... Removing and installing/replacing inclination switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 005 Removing and installing/replacing fixture for steering column stalk
        • 61 31 016 Removing and installing/replacing turn indicator/headlight dip lever
        • 61 31 020 Removing and installing the ignition switch
        • 61 31 035 Removing and installing/replacing steering column adjustment lever
        • 61 31 040 Removing and installing/replacing windshield wiper lever
        • 61 31 057 Removing and installing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 058 Replacing switch unit in center console
        • 61 31 080 Removing and installing / replacing switch from hazard warning lights
        • 61 31 082 Removing and installing / replacing switch for central locking system
        • 61 31 084 Removing and installing/replacing switch for automatic trunk lid actuation
        • 61 31 090 Removing and installing / replacing switch for left or right seat heating
        • 61 31 115 Replacing rocker switch for side-window operation
        • 61 31 204 Replacing switch combination for seat adjustment
        • 61 31 208 Removing and installing/replacing switch for front lumbar support
        • 61 31 212 Removing and installing / replacing switch for automatic stability control
        • 61 31 214 Removing and installing / replacing switch for electronic damper control
        • 61 31 216 Removing and installing / replacing switch for rear window roller blind
        • 61 31 218 Removing and installing / replacing switch for Park Distance Control
        • 61 31 224 Replacing switch on impact cushion for left or right airbag
          • Notes
          • Illustration shows removal of switch on impact cushion for airbag on left
        • 61 31 226 Replacing switch on sports steering wheel on left or right
        • 61 31 310 Replacing brake light switch
      • ECUs Modules
        • 61 35... Control units, switches, relays
        • 61 35... Note on replacing codable/programmable control units
        • 61 35... Notes on ESD protection (Electro Static Discharge)
        • 61 35 175 Removing and installing/replacing rain sensor
        • 61 35 230 Removing and installing/replacing control unit for active seat
        • 61 35 640 Removing and installing or replacing door module
        • 61 35 680 Initializing rain sensor
        • 61 35 700 Removing and installing / replacing control unit for rear window sun roller blind
        • 61 35 710 Removing and installing or replacing sunroof module
        • 61 35 900 Removing and installing/replacing ring antenna of electronic immobilizer
        • 63 12 860 Replacing control unit for left xenon headlight.
        • 63 12 861 Replacing control unit for right xenon headlight.
        • Diagnosis Programming/Coding
      • Relays
        • 61 13... DME master relay connector
        • 61 13... Relay carrier
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 010 Checking or adjusting contact angle of wiper arms on windshield
        • 61 61 041 Replacing both windshield wiper blades
        • 61 61 100 Removing and installing/replacing both windshield wiper arms
        • 61 61 270 Removing and installing complete wiper console
      • Headlight Water System
        • 61 67 040 Adjusting spray nozzles for headlight-cleaning system
      • Window Washer System
        • 61 71 004 Adjusting windshield washer spray nozzles
          • Triple nozzle system
          • Twin nozzle system
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools - E38
      • General electrical system
        • 61 0 000 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 14S
      • 61 0 021 Fuse link FF 3.15 A/500V
      • 61 0 030 Analog/digital multimeter Metrahit 18S
      • 61 0 050 Active diagnosis connector (ADS)
      • 61 1 150 Releasing tool kit
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 180 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 250 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 300 Pliers
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 1 350 Set of assembly tools
      • 61 1 360 Releasing tool
      • 61 1 410 Set of DIS test prods
      • 61 1 440 Test cable for K-Jetronic
      • 61 1 460 Set of V-adapter leads (8 leads)
      • 61 1 470 Set of leads (6)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 070 Cable set
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 2 300 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 310 Adapter for measuring closed-circuit current
      • 61 2 410 Battery trickle charger
      • 61 3 010 Tester and set of plug adapters (8)
      • 61 3 030 V-adapter lead
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 050 Bypass switch
      • 61 3 160 V-adapter lead, 54-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 3 190 Test leads for EWS 3
      • 61 3 300 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 4 300 Adapter lead for OBD socket
      • 61 4 320 Crimping set with pliers
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 350 V-adapter lead 23-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 370 V-adapter lead (2-pin), zero-coded
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 390 Measuring box, 60-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 420 Set of test adapters, 83-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 4 450 20-pin V-adapter lead (D 2.5), black
      • 61 6 010 Tone socket T80 with holder
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 020 Set of V-adapter leads (6 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 030 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 040 Set of V-adapter leads (5 leads)
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 6 060 Universal wiper arm puller
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 61 6 070 Supplementary kit D 1.5-D 2.5/ELA
      • 61 6 080 Elo supplementary kit
      • 61 6 090 Elo/ELA supplementary kit
      • 61 6 200 Setting wrench
      • 61 9 020 Repair kit IV for vehicle electrical system
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 61 9 030 Drawer bag not including content
      • 61 9 040 Set of tools for repair kit IV
      • 61 9 045 Female die
      • 61 9 050 Repair kits A - N
      • 61 9 080 Repair kit
      • 61 9110 Supplementary kit (engine electrical system)
      • 61 9 120 Supplementary kit (body electrical system)
      • 61 9 211 Repair kit O
      • 61 9 212 Repair kit P
      • 61 9 213 Repair kit Q
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
      • Battery/vapour Separation
        • 61 21 Battery with terminal
      • Switch
        • 6131 Switch
      • ECUs, Modules
        • 61 35 Control Units, Modules
      • Windscreen Wipers
        • 61 61 Windshield Wipers
    • Passive Safety Systems - Overview
      • Passive Safety Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Safety precautions when working with airbag circuits
        • Multiple Restraint System III (MRS III)
          • Notes
          • Purpose of the System:
          • MRS III I.P.O.
          • Components
            • MRS III Control module
            • Satellite Sensors
            • Driver's Front Air Bag
            • Passenger's Front Air Bag
            • Side Air Bags Front And Rear (Thorax)
            • Front Head protection air bags (Inflatable Tubular Structure. ITS)
            • Battery Safety Terminal (BST)
            • Seat Belt Tensioners
            • Seat Occupancy Sensor (SBE)
          • MRS III Principle of Operation
          • Triggering Thresholds For The Two-Stage Front Air Bags
          • Triggering Thresholds For The Remaining Safety Devices
            • Side Airbags and Head Protection
            • Seat Belt Tensioners
            • Battery Safety Terminal
            • Fuel Pump Shut-Off Request
          • Diagnosis
        • Multiple Restraint System (MRS & MRS II)
          • Notes
          • Overview
          • Components
            • Control Module
            • Front Passenger Air Bag Assembly
            • Side Air Bag Assembly (Front/Rear)
            • 2-Stage Passenger Airbag
            • Pressure Chamber
            • Ignition Stage One
            • Ignition Stage Two
            • Airbag Activation
            • Head Airbag Assembly (Its)
            • Battery Safety Terminal (BST)
            • BST Construction
            • BST Activation
            • Side Impact Sensors
            • Seat Occupancy Sensor (SBE)
            • Seat Belt TENSIONERS
            • Seat Belt Switches
          • MRS/MRS II I.P.O
          • MRS/MRS II Deployment Logic
            • Notes
            • Driver's Front Airbag
            • Passenger's Front Airbag
            • Side Air Bags/Its
            • Pyrotechnic SEATBELT TENSIONERS
            • BST Trigger Logic
          • Diagnosis And Service Procedures
        • Central Airbag Trigger Module (ZAE & ZAE II)
          • Notes
          • System Overview
          • ZAE -I.P.O.
          • Seat Belt TENSIONERS
            • Mechanical Seat Belt TENSIONERS
        • Cipro/Siemens Airbag System
          • Notes
          • System Overview
            • Notes
            • Area Of Impact
            • Impact Sensor Signals
          • Siemens Operation
          • CIPRO/Siemens 2B-2C I.P.O.
        • Rollover Protection System (RPS)
          • Notes
          • Rps Components - Operation
            • Notes
            • Two Roll Bar Cassettes
            • Technical Data
          • Rps Components / Operation
            • Roll Bar Retracted
            • Roll Bar Deployed
          • Rollover Sensor
          • Control Electronics
          • Clinometer - (Tilt Detection)
            • Notes
            • Rps Diagnosis And Testing
            • Retracting Of The Roll Bars
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Passive Safety Systems - Overview
      • Passive Safety Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Safety precautions when working with airbag circuits
        • Multiple Restraint System III (MRS III)
          • Notes
          • Purpose of the System:
          • MRS III I.P.O.
          • Components
            • MRS III Control module
            • Satellite Sensors
            • Driver's Front Air Bag
            • Passenger's Front Air Bag
            • Side Air Bags Front And Rear (Thorax)
            • Front Head protection air bags (Inflatable Tubular Structure. ITS)
            • Battery Safety Terminal (BST)
            • Seat Belt Tensioners
            • Seat Occupancy Sensor (SBE)
          • MRS III Principle of Operation
          • Triggering Thresholds For The Two-Stage Front Air Bags
          • Triggering Thresholds For The Remaining Safety Devices
            • Side Airbags and Head Protection
            • Seat Belt Tensioners
            • Battery Safety Terminal
            • Fuel Pump Shut-Off Request
          • Diagnosis
        • Multiple Restraint System (MRS & MRS II)
          • Notes
          • Overview
          • Components
            • Control Module
            • Front Passenger Air Bag Assembly
            • Side Air Bag Assembly (Front/Rear)
            • 2-Stage Passenger Airbag
            • Pressure Chamber
            • Ignition Stage One
            • Ignition Stage Two
            • Airbag Activation
            • Head Airbag Assembly (Its)
            • Battery Safety Terminal (BST)
            • BST Construction
            • BST Activation
            • Side Impact Sensors
            • Seat Occupancy Sensor (SBE)
            • Seat Belt TENSIONERS
            • Seat Belt Switches
          • MRS/MRS II I.P.O
          • MRS/MRS II Deployment Logic
            • Notes
            • Driver's Front Airbag
            • Passenger's Front Airbag
            • Side Air Bags/Its
            • Pyrotechnic SEATBELT TENSIONERS
            • BST Trigger Logic
          • Diagnosis And Service Procedures
        • Central Airbag Trigger Module (ZAE & ZAE II)
          • Notes
          • System Overview
          • ZAE -I.P.O.
          • Seat Belt TENSIONERS
            • Mechanical Seat Belt TENSIONERS
        • Cipro/Siemens Airbag System
          • Notes
          • System Overview
            • Notes
            • Area Of Impact
            • Impact Sensor Signals
          • Siemens Operation
          • CIPRO/Siemens 2B-2C I.P.O.
        • Rollover Protection System (RPS)
          • Notes
          • Rps Components - Operation
            • Notes
            • Two Roll Bar Cassettes
            • Technical Data
          • Rps Components / Operation
            • Roll Bar Retracted
            • Roll Bar Deployed
          • Rollover Sensor
          • Control Electronics
          • Clinometer - (Tilt Detection)
            • Notes
            • Rps Diagnosis And Testing
            • Retracting Of The Roll Bars
  • Seat Belts
    • Passive Safety Systems - Overview
      • Passive Safety Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Safety precautions when working with airbag circuits
        • Multiple Restraint System III (MRS III)
          • Notes
          • Purpose of the System:
          • MRS III I.P.O.
          • Components
            • MRS III Control module
            • Satellite Sensors
            • Driver's Front Air Bag
            • Passenger's Front Air Bag
            • Side Air Bags Front And Rear (Thorax)
            • Front Head protection air bags (Inflatable Tubular Structure. ITS)
            • Battery Safety Terminal (BST)
            • Seat Belt Tensioners
            • Seat Occupancy Sensor (SBE)
          • MRS III Principle of Operation
          • Triggering Thresholds For The Two-Stage Front Air Bags
          • Triggering Thresholds For The Remaining Safety Devices
            • Side Airbags and Head Protection
            • Seat Belt Tensioners
            • Battery Safety Terminal
            • Fuel Pump Shut-Off Request
          • Diagnosis
        • Multiple Restraint System (MRS & MRS II)
          • Notes
          • Overview
          • Components
            • Control Module
            • Front Passenger Air Bag Assembly
            • Side Air Bag Assembly (Front/Rear)
            • 2-Stage Passenger Airbag
            • Pressure Chamber
            • Ignition Stage One
            • Ignition Stage Two
            • Airbag Activation
            • Head Airbag Assembly (Its)
            • Battery Safety Terminal (BST)
            • BST Construction
            • BST Activation
            • Side Impact Sensors
            • Seat Occupancy Sensor (SBE)
            • Seat Belt TENSIONERS
            • Seat Belt Switches
          • MRS/MRS II I.P.O
          • MRS/MRS II Deployment Logic
            • Notes
            • Driver's Front Airbag
            • Passenger's Front Airbag
            • Side Air Bags/Its
            • Pyrotechnic SEATBELT TENSIONERS
            • BST Trigger Logic
          • Diagnosis And Service Procedures
        • Central Airbag Trigger Module (ZAE & ZAE II)
          • Notes
          • System Overview
          • ZAE -I.P.O.
          • Seat Belt TENSIONERS
            • Mechanical Seat Belt TENSIONERS
        • Cipro/Siemens Airbag System
          • Notes
          • System Overview
            • Notes
            • Area Of Impact
            • Impact Sensor Signals
          • Siemens Operation
          • CIPRO/Siemens 2B-2C I.P.O.
        • Rollover Protection System (RPS)
          • Notes
          • Rps Components - Operation
            • Notes
            • Two Roll Bar Cassettes
            • Technical Data
          • Rps Components / Operation
            • Roll Bar Retracted
            • Roll Bar Deployed
          • Rollover Sensor
          • Control Electronics
          • Clinometer - (Tilt Detection)
            • Notes
            • Rps Diagnosis And Testing
            • Retracting Of The Roll Bars
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Recirculating Ball
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Steering Pump Pressure
        • Steering Gear Pressure
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Capacity
        • Fluid Type
        • Fluid Level Check
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
        • Filter Replacement
          • 6-Cylinder & V12
          • V8
      • Adjustments
        • Power Steering Pump Belt
        • Sector Shaft
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Steering Gear
      • Torque Specifications
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
      • ZF Gemmer Steering
      • ZF Rack and Pinion Steering
      • Ball and Nut or Rack and Pinion Power Steering
      • ZF Ball and Nut Power Steering with H31 System
      • Horn Slip Rings
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
      • Electronic Chassis
        • 31 33 095 Measuring ride-level height of vehicle
        • 32 00... Carry out steering angle sensor adjustment
        • 32 00... General chassis and suspension definitions
        • 32 00... General information and definitions
        • 32 00... Identification of sport suspension
        • 32 00... Identification of suspension without label
        • 32 00... Move vehicle into normal position
        • 32 00... Moving vehicle into design position
        • 32 00... Notes
        • 32 00... Suspension assignment via optional extras
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
        • 32 00 150 Standard chassis / wheel alignment with DIN load
        • 32 00 610 Adjusting front wheel alignment (with KDS)
          • Notes
          • Installation:
        • 32 00 620 Adjusting rear axle
      • Steering Gear with
        • 32 13... Design and function of recirculating ball power steering unit
          • Notes
          • Steering wheel in neutral position:
          • Steering wheel turned to right:
          • Steering wheel turned to left:
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 13 060 Removing and installing power steering gear
      • Steering arms, tie rod
        • 32 21... Layout of steering linkage
        • 32 21 080 Removing and installing idler arm
        • 32 21 091 Replacing idler arm bushing for idler arm
        • 32 21 231 Replacing left or right tie rod
        • 32 21 281 Replacing center tie rod
        • 32 21 501 Removing and installing pitman arm
        • 32 21 510 Adjusting pitman arm
      • Steering Column
        • 32 31 003 Replacing upper section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 020 Removing and installing / replacing lower section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 070 Removing and installing or replacing (lower) steering spindle
        • 32 31 082 Removing and installing or replacing steering angle sensor
        • 32 31 090 Removing and installing complete steering column
        • 32 31 151 Replacing upper steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 161 Replacing lower steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 241 Replacing adjusting lever for steering column
        • 32 31 595 Dismantling and assembling complete steering column
          • Notes
          • Clamping fixture on mechanical adjustment unit
      • Steering Lock
        • 32 32 001 Replacing complete steering lock
        • 32 32 050 Removing and installing or replacing steering-lock cylinder
        • 32 32 170 Removing and installing/replacing Interlock cable
      • Steering Wheel
        • 32 33 000 Removing and installing steering wheel
      • Steering Wheel for airbag
        • 32 34... Function
        • 32 34... Notes on scrapping BMW vehicles with gas generators (airbag system)
          • Notes
          • Gas generators that have not fired constitute a hazard (also to the environment)!
          • Firing failure
          • The components of an airbag system must always be disposed of. Such components must not be sold on as used parts.
            • Firing
        • 32 34 020 Removing and installing or replacing airbag unit
        • 32 34 510 Replacing contact ring (airbag)
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling airbag system components
          • Failure to comply with warnings and repair instructions may result in faulty activations and cause physical injury!
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling components with gas generators
          • Failure to comply with the warning notices and repair instructions for gas generator components can cause accidental deployment and result in injury and vehicle damage!
      • Pump and oil supply
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 41... Instructions for removing and installing ear clips
        • 32 41... Instructions for using special tool 32 4 000
        • 32 41... Layout of power steering unit components and lines
        • 32 41... Notes on hydraulic line with quick-release coupling
        • 32 41 001 Servotronic troubleshooting
        • 32 41 009 Checking function of power-steering pump
      • Alignment Specifications
      • Troubleshooting
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
      • Steering and wheel alignment
        • 32 1 000 Adapter
      • 32 1 050 Thrust piece
      • 32 1 060 Drift
      • 32 1 090 Thrust piece
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 190 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 200 Fixture
      • 32 1 260 Pliers
      • 32 1 270 Plugs (set)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 000 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 030 Fixture
      • 32 2 140 Gauge
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 050 Assembly sleeves
      • 32 3 060 Bush
      • 32 3 070 Set of tools
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 110 Releasing tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 120 Tone socket E8
      • 32 3 140 Setting tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 4 000 Fixture
      • 32 4 100 Double-ended ring wrench 17/19 A/F
  • Power Steering
    • Power Recirculating Ball
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Steering Pump Pressure
        • Steering Gear Pressure
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Capacity
        • Fluid Type
        • Fluid Level Check
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
        • Filter Replacement
          • 6-Cylinder & V12
          • V8
      • Adjustments
        • Power Steering Pump Belt
        • Sector Shaft
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Steering Gear
      • Torque Specifications
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
      • ZF Gemmer Steering
      • ZF Rack and Pinion Steering
      • Ball and Nut or Rack and Pinion Power Steering
      • ZF Ball and Nut Power Steering with H31 System
      • Horn Slip Rings
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
      • Electronic Chassis
        • 31 33 095 Measuring ride-level height of vehicle
        • 32 00... Carry out steering angle sensor adjustment
        • 32 00... General chassis and suspension definitions
        • 32 00... General information and definitions
        • 32 00... Identification of sport suspension
        • 32 00... Identification of suspension without label
        • 32 00... Move vehicle into normal position
        • 32 00... Moving vehicle into design position
        • 32 00... Notes
        • 32 00... Suspension assignment via optional extras
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
        • 32 00 150 Standard chassis / wheel alignment with DIN load
        • 32 00 610 Adjusting front wheel alignment (with KDS)
          • Notes
          • Installation:
        • 32 00 620 Adjusting rear axle
      • Steering Gear with
        • 32 13... Design and function of recirculating ball power steering unit
          • Notes
          • Steering wheel in neutral position:
          • Steering wheel turned to right:
          • Steering wheel turned to left:
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 13 060 Removing and installing power steering gear
      • Steering arms, tie rod
        • 32 21... Layout of steering linkage
        • 32 21 080 Removing and installing idler arm
        • 32 21 091 Replacing idler arm bushing for idler arm
        • 32 21 231 Replacing left or right tie rod
        • 32 21 281 Replacing center tie rod
        • 32 21 501 Removing and installing pitman arm
        • 32 21 510 Adjusting pitman arm
      • Steering Column
        • 32 31 003 Replacing upper section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 020 Removing and installing / replacing lower section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 070 Removing and installing or replacing (lower) steering spindle
        • 32 31 082 Removing and installing or replacing steering angle sensor
        • 32 31 090 Removing and installing complete steering column
        • 32 31 151 Replacing upper steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 161 Replacing lower steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 241 Replacing adjusting lever for steering column
        • 32 31 595 Dismantling and assembling complete steering column
          • Notes
          • Clamping fixture on mechanical adjustment unit
      • Steering Lock
        • 32 32 001 Replacing complete steering lock
        • 32 32 050 Removing and installing or replacing steering-lock cylinder
        • 32 32 170 Removing and installing/replacing Interlock cable
      • Steering Wheel
        • 32 33 000 Removing and installing steering wheel
      • Steering Wheel for airbag
        • 32 34... Function
        • 32 34... Notes on scrapping BMW vehicles with gas generators (airbag system)
          • Notes
          • Gas generators that have not fired constitute a hazard (also to the environment)!
          • Firing failure
          • The components of an airbag system must always be disposed of. Such components must not be sold on as used parts.
            • Firing
        • 32 34 020 Removing and installing or replacing airbag unit
        • 32 34 510 Replacing contact ring (airbag)
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling airbag system components
          • Failure to comply with warnings and repair instructions may result in faulty activations and cause physical injury!
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling components with gas generators
          • Failure to comply with the warning notices and repair instructions for gas generator components can cause accidental deployment and result in injury and vehicle damage!
      • Pump and oil supply
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 41... Instructions for removing and installing ear clips
        • 32 41... Instructions for using special tool 32 4 000
        • 32 41... Layout of power steering unit components and lines
        • 32 41... Notes on hydraulic line with quick-release coupling
        • 32 41 001 Servotronic troubleshooting
        • 32 41 009 Checking function of power-steering pump
      • Alignment Specifications
      • Troubleshooting
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
      • Steering and wheel alignment
        • 32 1 000 Adapter
      • 32 1 050 Thrust piece
      • 32 1 060 Drift
      • 32 1 090 Thrust piece
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 190 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 200 Fixture
      • 32 1 260 Pliers
      • 32 1 270 Plugs (set)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 000 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 030 Fixture
      • 32 2 140 Gauge
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 050 Assembly sleeves
      • 32 3 060 Bush
      • 32 3 070 Set of tools
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 110 Releasing tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 120 Tone socket E8
      • 32 3 140 Setting tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 4 000 Fixture
      • 32 4 100 Double-ended ring wrench 17/19 A/F
  • Steering Column - Repair
    • Identification
    • Description & Operation
    • Service Precautions
    • Adjustments
      • Contact Ring
    • Removal & Installation
      • Driver-Side Airbag Module
      • Interlock Cable
      • Ring Antenna Of Electronic Immobilizer
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Column
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column Adjusting Lever
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Column Switches
      • Steering Column Lower Trim Section
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Column Upper Trim Section
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Lock
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Spindle (Lower) (E38)
        • Notes
        • Removal
      • Steering Spindle (Lower) (E39)
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Spindle Bearing (Upper)
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (From 3/99)
        • Removal & Installation (Up To 3/99)
      • Steering Wheel Lock Cylinder
        • Removal & Installation
    • Overhaul
      • Steering Column
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
    • Torque Specifications
    • Special Tools
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension
    • Dynamic Stability Control - Overhaul
      • Introduction to DSC
        • Notes
        • Dynamic Stability Control (DSC II/DSCIII)
          • Purpose Of The System
        • Dynamic Stability Control (DSC II)
          • Notes
          • DSC II
          • Bosch 5. 3 DSC III I-P-O
          • DSC III (Bosch 5.7) IPO
        • DSC III 5.3 Components
        • Bosch DSC III 5.7 Components
          • Notes
          • Control Module/Hydraulic Unit
          • Wheel Speed Sensors
          • Hydraulic Pressure Sensor (Brake Pressure)
          • Steering Angle Sensor
          • Rotation Rate Sensor (Bosch 5.3)
          • Sensor Operation
          • Rotation Rate Sensor Signals
          • Lateral Acceleration Sensor (Bosch 5.3)
          • Combined Rotation Rate/Lateral Acceleration Sensor (Bosch DSC III 5.7)
          • DSC Switch
          • Handbrake Switch
          • Brake Switch
          • DSC III (BOSCH 5.3) Hydraulic System Components
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Unit:
            • Master Cylinder:
          • Hydraulic Charge
            • Notes
            • 740i/iL & 540iA Vehicles:
            • 750iL Vehicles:
        • Principle of Operation
          • Dynamic Stability Control Systems
            • Introduction
            • Dynamic Stability Control (DSC III)
          • DSC Features
            • Corner Braking Control (CPT)
            • Dynamic Braking System (DBS)
            • Dynamic Braking Control (DBC)
          • Maximum Brake Control
        • Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Coding
          • Adjustment Functions
          • Steering Angle Sensor
          • Special Tools
    • Electronic Suspension (E38)
      • Model Identification
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • System Operation
        • Inputs
        • Damper Operation
        • Solenoid Controlled Dampers
        • Damper Settings
        • General Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • Height Setting
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Charge Pressure In Left Pressure Accumulator
        • Height Setting
        • Level Control Pump
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Control Unit (EDC)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Fitted Acceleration Sensor (EDC)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Fitted Acceleration Sensor (EDC)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Height Setting Sensor (Front)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Height Setting Sensor (Rear)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pressure Accumulator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Spring Strut Shock Absorber
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
      • Special Tools
    • Integrated Suspension System - Special Tools - E38
      • (Integrated Suspension System)
        • 37 2 010 Connection piece with 300 mm hose
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Operating Fluids
      • Approved Hydraulic Fluids
        • ZF rack-and-pinion steering
        • E24, E28, E32, E34, and E38
          • E24, E28 produced prior to 9/87
          • E24, E28 produced since 9/87
          • E32 produced prior to 9/91
          • E32, E34 produced since 9/91
          • E38 produced since 1/94
        • LHM hydraulic fluid
      • Checking Hydraulic Fluid Levels
    • Level Control Systems - Overview - 5-Series, 7-Series
      • Level Control Systems
        • Purpose Of The System
        • Hydropneumatic Rear Leveling System
        • System Components
          • Notes
          • Tandem Pump
          • Oil Reservoir
          • Pressure Reservoirs
          • Control Valve
          • Rear Shocks With Load Dependent Module (LAD)
          • LAD Module
          • Camber Warning Switch (E32 AND E34 Touring)
        • Air Suspension Systems (EHC)
          • Purpose Of The System
          • EHC System Overview
          • Single Axle EHC I System Components (E39/E53)
            • Notes
            • Control Module
            • Air Springs
            • Rear Axle Level Sensors
            • Warning Displays
            • Air Supply System (LVA)
            • Air Supply System (LVA) Operation
            • EHC System Operation
            • Pre-Run/Post-Run Mode
            • Normal Mode Operation
            • Tailgate Operating Mode
            • Special Operating Modes
            • Control Interrupts
              • Cornering
              • Vehicle Lifting
            • EHC Service Information
              • Diagnosis/Coding
              • DISplus/GT-1 Service Functions Program
            • Two Axle Air Suspension (E53 EHC II)
              • Purpose of the System
              • Deficits Of The Old System
              • Advantages Of The New System
              • System Components
              • Air Supply Unit
              • Pneumatic Drain Valve
              • Electric Pressure Relief Valve
              • High Pressure Vent Valve
              • Air Drier
              • Compressor
              • Pressure Accumulator
              • Valve Unit
              • Ride Height Sensor
              • Air Suspension Strut
              • Control Unit
              • Switch Assembly
              • Principle of Operation - Ride Height Control Operations
            • Single Axle Air Suspension (E65/E66)
              • Purpose Of The System
            • Components (E65/E66)
              • Air Supply Unit (LVA)
              • Control Unit
              • Air Springs
            • Ride Height Sensor
              • Notes
              • Check Control Messages
            • Control Mode Flow Chart
            • Principle Of Operation
              • Control Mode Overview
            • Control Modes
              • Notes
              • Sleep
              • Post Mode
              • Pre-Mode
              • Normal
              • Drive
              • Kerb (Curb) Mode
              • Curve
              • Lift
              • Transport
              • Belt
            • Operating Principle
              • Initialization/Reset Performance
              • Control Sequence
            • Safety Concept
            • Workshop Hints
              • Ride Height Measurement
            • Diagnosis
            • Service Functions
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Adjustments & Inspection
        • Pitman Arm
        • Riding Height
        • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Procedures
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Removal & Installation
        • Coil Spring & Shock Absorber
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Control Arm
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Axle (With Spring Struts)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Axle Support
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rubber Mounts On Traction Struts
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Stabilizer
          • Removal & Installation
        • Stabilizer Link (Push Rod)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Knuckle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Traction Struts
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Bearing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Special Tools
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
      • 1.0 General Information on High Temperature Multi-Purpose Grease
      • 2.0 Approved High Temperature Multi-purpose Grease
        • Notes
        • Ball Bearings (E24 from mid 1982, E28, E30, E31, E32 and all following)
        • Tapered Roller Bearings (E23, E21)
      • 3.0 Approved Front Axle Final Drive Oils
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
      • Electronic Chassis
        • 31 33 095 Measuring ride-level height of vehicle
        • 32 00... Carry out steering angle sensor adjustment
        • 32 00... General chassis and suspension definitions
        • 32 00... General information and definitions
        • 32 00... Identification of sport suspension
        • 32 00... Identification of suspension without label
        • 32 00... Move vehicle into normal position
        • 32 00... Moving vehicle into design position
        • 32 00... Notes
        • 32 00... Suspension assignment via optional extras
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
        • 32 00 150 Standard chassis / wheel alignment with DIN load
        • 32 00 610 Adjusting front wheel alignment (with KDS)
          • Notes
          • Installation:
        • 32 00 620 Adjusting rear axle
      • Steering Gear with
        • 32 13... Design and function of recirculating ball power steering unit
          • Notes
          • Steering wheel in neutral position:
          • Steering wheel turned to right:
          • Steering wheel turned to left:
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 13 060 Removing and installing power steering gear
      • Steering arms, tie rod
        • 32 21... Layout of steering linkage
        • 32 21 080 Removing and installing idler arm
        • 32 21 091 Replacing idler arm bushing for idler arm
        • 32 21 231 Replacing left or right tie rod
        • 32 21 281 Replacing center tie rod
        • 32 21 501 Removing and installing pitman arm
        • 32 21 510 Adjusting pitman arm
      • Steering Column
        • 32 31 003 Replacing upper section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 020 Removing and installing / replacing lower section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 070 Removing and installing or replacing (lower) steering spindle
        • 32 31 082 Removing and installing or replacing steering angle sensor
        • 32 31 090 Removing and installing complete steering column
        • 32 31 151 Replacing upper steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 161 Replacing lower steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 241 Replacing adjusting lever for steering column
        • 32 31 595 Dismantling and assembling complete steering column
          • Notes
          • Clamping fixture on mechanical adjustment unit
      • Steering Lock
        • 32 32 001 Replacing complete steering lock
        • 32 32 050 Removing and installing or replacing steering-lock cylinder
        • 32 32 170 Removing and installing/replacing Interlock cable
      • Steering Wheel
        • 32 33 000 Removing and installing steering wheel
      • Steering Wheel for airbag
        • 32 34... Function
        • 32 34... Notes on scrapping BMW vehicles with gas generators (airbag system)
          • Notes
          • Gas generators that have not fired constitute a hazard (also to the environment)!
          • Firing failure
          • The components of an airbag system must always be disposed of. Such components must not be sold on as used parts.
            • Firing
        • 32 34 020 Removing and installing or replacing airbag unit
        • 32 34 510 Replacing contact ring (airbag)
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling airbag system components
          • Failure to comply with warnings and repair instructions may result in faulty activations and cause physical injury!
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling components with gas generators
          • Failure to comply with the warning notices and repair instructions for gas generator components can cause accidental deployment and result in injury and vehicle damage!
      • Pump and oil supply
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 41... Instructions for removing and installing ear clips
        • 32 41... Instructions for using special tool 32 4 000
        • 32 41... Layout of power steering unit components and lines
        • 32 41... Notes on hydraulic line with quick-release coupling
        • 32 41 001 Servotronic troubleshooting
        • 32 41 009 Checking function of power-steering pump
      • Alignment Specifications
      • Troubleshooting
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
      • Steering and wheel alignment
        • 32 1 000 Adapter
      • 32 1 050 Thrust piece
      • 32 1 060 Drift
      • 32 1 090 Thrust piece
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 190 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 200 Fixture
      • 32 1 260 Pliers
      • 32 1 270 Plugs (set)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 000 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 030 Fixture
      • 32 2 140 Gauge
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 050 Assembly sleeves
      • 32 3 060 Bush
      • 32 3 070 Set of tools
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 110 Releasing tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 120 Tone socket E8
      • 32 3 140 Setting tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 4 000 Fixture
      • 32 4 100 Double-ended ring wrench 17/19 A/F
    • Suspension Systems - Overview
      • Suspension Systems
        • Purpose of the System
        • Basic Suspension Geometry
          • Caster
            • Notes
            • Cross Caster
          • Camber
            • Notes
            • Cross Camber
          • Toe In/Toe Out
          • Steering Roll Radius (Steering Offset)
          • Steering Axis Inclination (SAI)
            • Notes
            • Included Angle (IA)
          • Toe Out On Turns
          • Geometric Axis
            • Notes
            • Thrust Line/Thrust Angle
            • Alignment Procedures
        • Suspension Systems
          • Front Axles
            • Notes
            • Single Joint Spring Strut Axle
              • Notes
              • E46 Front Suspension
              • Adjustments
            • Double Pivot Spring Strut Axle
        • Rear Suspension Systems
          • Notes
          • Semi-Trailing Arm
          • Semi-Trailing Arm With "Track Link"
          • Central "C" Link Rear Suspension
            • Notes
            • E46 Rear Suspension
            • E85 Rear Suspension
            • Rear Suspension Adjustments (Central "C" Link)
              • Rear Toe
              • Rear Camber
          • Multi-Link Rear Suspensions
            • Notes
            • Elasto-Kinematics
            • E38/E39 Multi-Link Suspension
            • Rear Suspension Adjustments
            • E39 Sportwagon And X5 Rear Suspension
            • E65/E66 Rear Suspension
        • Alignment Procedures
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Inspection
            • Notes
            • Road Testing
          • Ride Height Measurement
            • Notes
            • Ride Height
            • Z3 Ride Height Tool
          • Identification Of Suspension
          • Vehicle Loading
            • Notes
            • Alignment Sensor Mounting
            • Alignment Adjustment Summary
          • Alignment Specifications
  • Rear Suspension
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
      • 1.0 General Information On Final Drive Oil
        • Notes
        • Oil Additives
      • 2.0 Approved Final Drive Oils For Front And Rear Axle Final Drives With And Without Limited Slip Or Viscous Coupling
        • Notes
        • Limited Slip Differentials
          • Notes
          • Non-Limited Slip Differentials
      • 3.0 Final Drive Oil For BMW M1 Motorsport Coupe
      • 4.0 Oil Change Intervals
      • 5.0 Cars Without Service Indicator (Including BMW M1)
      • 6.0 Cars With Service Indicator
        • Notes
        • Break-In Procedures
      • 7.0 Output Shafts
      • 8.0 Wheel Bearings
        • Ball Bearings E24 (Since 5/82), E28, E30, E31, E32 And All Following
        • Grooved Ball Bearings E12, E21, E23, E24 Before 5/82
      • 9.0 Differential Housing Final Drive Covers And Housing
    • Rear Suspension
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Ride Height
        • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Procedures
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Carrier
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Axle Carrier Rubber Mounts
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Coil Spring
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust System (M52)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Integral Link
          • Removal & Installation
        • Spring Strut Shock Absorber
          • Removal & Installation
        • Stabilizer
          • Removal & Installation
        • Swinging Arm
          • Removal & Installation
        • Thrust Bearing For Spring Strut Shock Absorber
        • Traction Strut
          • Removal & Installation
        • Upper Control Arm
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Bearings
        • Wheel Carrier
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Carrier Ball Joint
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Special Tools
    • Suspension Systems - Overview
      • Suspension Systems
        • Purpose of the System
        • Basic Suspension Geometry
          • Caster
            • Notes
            • Cross Caster
          • Camber
            • Notes
            • Cross Camber
          • Toe In/Toe Out
          • Steering Roll Radius (Steering Offset)
          • Steering Axis Inclination (SAI)
            • Notes
            • Included Angle (IA)
          • Toe Out On Turns
          • Geometric Axis
            • Notes
            • Thrust Line/Thrust Angle
            • Alignment Procedures
        • Suspension Systems
          • Front Axles
            • Notes
            • Single Joint Spring Strut Axle
              • Notes
              • E46 Front Suspension
              • Adjustments
            • Double Pivot Spring Strut Axle
        • Rear Suspension Systems
          • Notes
          • Semi-Trailing Arm
          • Semi-Trailing Arm With "Track Link"
          • Central "C" Link Rear Suspension
            • Notes
            • E46 Rear Suspension
            • E85 Rear Suspension
            • Rear Suspension Adjustments (Central "C" Link)
              • Rear Toe
              • Rear Camber
          • Multi-Link Rear Suspensions
            • Notes
            • Elasto-Kinematics
            • E38/E39 Multi-Link Suspension
            • Rear Suspension Adjustments
            • E39 Sportwagon And X5 Rear Suspension
            • E65/E66 Rear Suspension
        • Alignment Procedures
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Inspection
            • Notes
            • Road Testing
          • Ride Height Measurement
            • Notes
            • Ride Height
            • Z3 Ride Height Tool
          • Identification Of Suspension
          • Vehicle Loading
            • Notes
            • Alignment Sensor Mounting
            • Alignment Adjustment Summary
          • Alignment Specifications
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Specifications & Procedures
      • Riding Height Adjustment
      • Jacking & Hoisting
        • Frame & Underbody
        • OUTERBODY
      • Wheel Alignment Procedures
        • Camber Adjustment
        • Caster Adjustment
        • Toe-In Adjustment
      • Wheel Alignment Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
      • ZF Gemmer Steering
      • ZF Rack and Pinion Steering
      • Ball and Nut or Rack and Pinion Power Steering
      • ZF Ball and Nut Power Steering with H31 System
      • Horn Slip Rings
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
      • Electronic Chassis
        • 31 33 095 Measuring ride-level height of vehicle
        • 32 00... Carry out steering angle sensor adjustment
        • 32 00... General chassis and suspension definitions
        • 32 00... General information and definitions
        • 32 00... Identification of sport suspension
        • 32 00... Identification of suspension without label
        • 32 00... Move vehicle into normal position
        • 32 00... Moving vehicle into design position
        • 32 00... Notes
        • 32 00... Suspension assignment via optional extras
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
        • 32 00 150 Standard chassis / wheel alignment with DIN load
        • 32 00 610 Adjusting front wheel alignment (with KDS)
          • Notes
          • Installation:
        • 32 00 620 Adjusting rear axle
      • Steering Gear with
        • 32 13... Design and function of recirculating ball power steering unit
          • Notes
          • Steering wheel in neutral position:
          • Steering wheel turned to right:
          • Steering wheel turned to left:
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 13 060 Removing and installing power steering gear
      • Steering arms, tie rod
        • 32 21... Layout of steering linkage
        • 32 21 080 Removing and installing idler arm
        • 32 21 091 Replacing idler arm bushing for idler arm
        • 32 21 231 Replacing left or right tie rod
        • 32 21 281 Replacing center tie rod
        • 32 21 501 Removing and installing pitman arm
        • 32 21 510 Adjusting pitman arm
      • Steering Column
        • 32 31 003 Replacing upper section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 020 Removing and installing / replacing lower section of steering column trim
        • 32 31 070 Removing and installing or replacing (lower) steering spindle
        • 32 31 082 Removing and installing or replacing steering angle sensor
        • 32 31 090 Removing and installing complete steering column
        • 32 31 151 Replacing upper steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 161 Replacing lower steering spindle bearing
        • 32 31 241 Replacing adjusting lever for steering column
        • 32 31 595 Dismantling and assembling complete steering column
          • Notes
          • Clamping fixture on mechanical adjustment unit
      • Steering Lock
        • 32 32 001 Replacing complete steering lock
        • 32 32 050 Removing and installing or replacing steering-lock cylinder
        • 32 32 170 Removing and installing/replacing Interlock cable
      • Steering Wheel
        • 32 33 000 Removing and installing steering wheel
      • Steering Wheel for airbag
        • 32 34... Function
        • 32 34... Notes on scrapping BMW vehicles with gas generators (airbag system)
          • Notes
          • Gas generators that have not fired constitute a hazard (also to the environment)!
          • Firing failure
          • The components of an airbag system must always be disposed of. Such components must not be sold on as used parts.
            • Firing
        • 32 34 020 Removing and installing or replacing airbag unit
        • 32 34 510 Replacing contact ring (airbag)
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling airbag system components
          • Failure to comply with warnings and repair instructions may result in faulty activations and cause physical injury!
        • 72 00... Safety regulations for handling components with gas generators
          • Failure to comply with the warning notices and repair instructions for gas generator components can cause accidental deployment and result in injury and vehicle damage!
      • Pump and oil supply
        • 32 13 006 Bleeding power steering unit
        • 32 41... Instructions for removing and installing ear clips
        • 32 41... Instructions for using special tool 32 4 000
        • 32 41... Layout of power steering unit components and lines
        • 32 41... Notes on hydraulic line with quick-release coupling
        • 32 41 001 Servotronic troubleshooting
        • 32 41 009 Checking function of power-steering pump
      • Alignment Specifications
      • Troubleshooting
        • 32 00... Troubleshooting on the front axle / rear axle (alignment check)
          • Troubleshooting on the front axle
          • Troubleshooting on the rear axle
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
      • Steering and wheel alignment
        • 32 1 000 Adapter
      • 32 1 050 Thrust piece
      • 32 1 060 Drift
      • 32 1 090 Thrust piece
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 190 Removal tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 1 200 Fixture
      • 32 1 260 Pliers
      • 32 1 270 Plugs (set)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 000 Tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 2 030 Fixture
      • 32 2 140 Gauge
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 050 Assembly sleeves
      • 32 3 060 Bush
      • 32 3 070 Set of tools
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 110 Releasing tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 3 120 Tone socket E8
      • 32 3 140 Setting tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 32 4 000 Fixture
      • 32 4 100 Double-ended ring wrench 17/19 A/F
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Operating Fluids - Wheels And Tires
      • 1.0 Tire Mounting Paste
      • 2.0 Wheel Cleaners
      • 3.0 Wheel Hub Covers
      • 4.0 Anti-Corrosion Paste
    • Wheel And Tires - Repair Instructions
      • Wheels
        • 36 10 209 Checking front and rear wheel for face and radial runout
          • Special tools required:
        • 36 10 300 Removing or installing front or rear wheel
        • 36 10 508 Balancing wheel dynamically (wheel removed)
        • 36 10 713 Checking one road wheel on balancing machine for face and radial runout (wheel removed)
        • 36 10 715 Checking rim for face and radial runout
      • Disc Wheels Rims
        • 36 11 520 Removing and installing/replacing RDC control module
        • 36 11 522 Removing and installing/replacing front receiving antenna for RDC
        • 36 11 527 Removing and installing/replacing rear receiving antenna for RDC
        • 36 11 533 Removing and installing/replacing RDC wheel electronics
          • Notes
          • Labeling of wheel electronics
          • Removing wheel electronics
          • Installing wheel electronics
      • Types
        • 36 12 001 Changing a tire (on front, rear or spare wheel)
          • Notes
          • Models with M-Mobility system
      • Mounting
        • 36 13 Subsequent installation of wheel-bolt lock
    • Wheel And Tires - Special Tools - E38
      • Wheels and Tires
        • 36 1 010 Spring lifter
      • 36 1 020 Tire pliers
      • 36 1 030 Tester
      • 36 1 040 Scraper
      • 36 1 100 ACC wheel holder
      • 36 1 250 Wheel hub grinder
      • 36 1 300 Set of wheel stud adapters
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 36 1 450 Adapter lead, 32-pin
    • Wheel And Tires - Tightening Torques
      • Wheels
        • 36 10 Wheels
      • Disc Wheels (rims)
        • 36 11 Wheel Rims
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission - Special Tools - E38
      • Automatic Transmission
        • 24 0 010 Fixture
      • 24 0 020 Oil pressure test accessories
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 0 030 Adapter
      • 24 0 040 Retaining fixture
      • 24 0 050 Extractor grip
      • 24 0 070 Adapter
      • 24 0 080 Funnel
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 0 090 Drift
      • 24 0 120 Attachment for trolley
      • 24 0 130 Take-up support for transmission
      • 24 0 140 Pipe manifold
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 0 150 Mounting bracket
      • 24 0 170 Support
      • 24 0 180 Support
      • 24 0 190 Holding fixture
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 0 250 Take-up support for transmission
      • 24 1 010 Installation sleeve
      • 24 1 050 Impact bush
      • 24 1 060 Impact bush
      • 24 1 070 Impact bush
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 1 080 Bush (aluminum)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 1 090 Impact bush
      • 24 1 100 Impact bush
      • 24 1 110 Socket with magnet
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 1 120 Gauge
      • 24 1 170 Pin wrench
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 1 180 Fixture
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 1 190 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 1 200 Installation sleeve
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 1 210 Retaining plate for disc package
      • 24 1 220 Take-up support for drive flange
      • 24 1 230 Pressing tool
      • 24 1 240 Measuring device
      • 24 1 250 Lifting gear
      • 24 1 260 Removal and mounting fixture
      • 24 1 270 Removal and mounting fixture
      • 24 1 280 Removal and mounting fixture
      • 24 1 290 Wedges
      • 24 1 300 Impact tool
      • 24 1 310 Releasing tool
      • 24 2 020 Tool
      • 24 2 030 Tool
      • 24 2 040 Tool
      • 24 2 050 Extractor grip
      • 24 2 140 Tensioning tool
      • 24 2 310 Tool kit for removing and installing reverse gear piston
      • 24 2 320 Box spanner
      • 24 2 330 1/2" open-ended spanner
      • 24 2 360 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 3 040 Gauge
      • 24 3 050 Gauge
      • 24 3 140 Drive bush
      • 24 3 150 Drive bush
      • 24 4 000 Assembly grip (2)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 4 070 Fixture
      • 24 4 080 Fixture
      • 24 4 090 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 4 100 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 4 110 Spanner
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 4 120 Fixture
      • 24 4 130 Locating tool
      • 24 4 200 Drift and slip bush
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 5 120 Tool
      • 24 5 140 Centering pin
      • 24 5 150 Centering pin with thread (2)
      • 24 5 160 Centering pins
      • 24 5 190 Adapter
      • 24 5 200 Impact bush
      • 24 5 210 Holder
      • 24 5 220 Holder
      • 24 5 230 Assembly ring
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 5 240 Holder
      • 24 5 250 Bush
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 5 260 Extractor tool
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 5 270 Bush
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 5 350 Take-up support for automatic transmission
      • 24 5 400 Drift
      • 24 5 490 Slip sleeve (5)
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 6 000 Test cable, 8-pin
      • 24 6 010 Test cable, 9-pin
      • 24 6 020 Test cable, 14-pin
      • 24 6 060 Test cable, 16-pin
      • 24 6 070 Test cable, 20-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 24 6 080 Test lead, 16-pin
        • Minimum set: Measuring and testing equipment
      • 24 8 100 Adapter
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 8 110 Drift
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 8 120 Rubber profile
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 24 8 130 Drift
    • Diagnosis & Overhaul - ZF 5HP18 & 5HP30
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Shift Modes
      • Lubrication & Adjustments
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Shift Lever In Position "P"
          • Park Will Not Engage Or Does Not Hold
          • Engine Cannot Be Started In "P"
        • Shift Lever In Position "R"
          • No Reverse Gear
          • Hard Engaging Jolt "P"-"R" Or "N"-"R"
          • Back-Up Lights Do Not Come On (Electrical System Okay)
        • Shift Lever In Position "N"
          • Car Moves Or Creeps
        • Shift Lever In Position "D"
          • No Forward Gear Engagement
          • Hard Engaging Jolt "N"-"D"
          • No 1-2 Or 2-1 Shift (Warm Or Cold)
          • No 2-3 Or 3-2 Shift
          • No 3-4 Or 4-3 Shift
          • No 4-5 Or 5-4 Shift
          • Car Starts Off In 2nd Gear
          • Car Starts Off In 3rd Gear
          • Car Starts Off In 4th Gear
        • Shift Points
          • No-Load Shift Incorrect
          • Full-Load Shift To Kickdown Too Long
          • No Kickdown Shifts, Only Partial Load/Full Load Shifts
          • Shift Speed & Shift Quality Poor
          • Engine "Flares" In Shift 2-1
          • Engine "Flares" In Shift 2-3/3-2
          • Engine "Flares" In Shift 4-3
          • Engine "Flares" In Shift 4-5/5-4
          • Engine Dies From Shift 2-3/3-2 (Overlapped Condition)
          • Engine Dies From Shift 4-5/5-4 (Overlapped Condition)
          • Wrong Shift Points Or Oscillating Shifts
          • No Engine Braking Effect/No Manual Downshift 5-4
          • No Engine Braking Effect/No Manual Downshift 4-3/3-2
          • No First Gear/No Braking Action
          • No Engagement In Forward Or Reverse
        • Program Switch
          • "A" Or "M" Program Always On Or Off
        • Selector Lever Position Switch
          • Vehicle Remains In Shifted Gear
        • Torque Converter Clutch Operation
          • Torque Converter Lock-Up Clutch Engagement Too Hard
          • No Converter Lock-Up Clutch
          • Engine Dies When Stopping Car In Drive (Converter Lock-Up Clutch Always Engaged)
        • Noise From Transmission
          • Loud Oil Pump Intake Noise
          • Noisy & No Gear Engagement After Long Trip
        • Transmission Leaks
          • Oil Dripping From Converter Bellhousing
          • Leak Between Transmission Case & Oil Sump
          • Output Leaks
      • Testing
        • Hydraulic Pressure Test
          • Main Pressure
      • Removal & Installation
        • Transmission
        • Extension Housing Bearing
          • Removal & Installation (5HP18)
          • Removal & Installation (5HP30)
        • Oil Pan
          • Removal & Installation (5HP18)
          • Removal & Installation (5HP30)
        • Oil Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Output Flange Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Position Switch Seal
          • Removal & Installation (5HP30)
        • Position Switch Shaft Seal
          • Removal & Installation (5HP30)
        • Torque Converter
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Electronic Transmission - Overview
      • Purpose Of System
      • Transmission Versions & Control Systems
      • Transmission Identification
        • Notes
        • Transmission Id Tag Location
      • System Components
        • Transmission Control Module
        • Turbine Speed Sensor
          • Notes
          • 4HP22/24 (Eh), A4S310/270R
          • A5S310Z, A5S325Z, A5S440Z, A5S560Z, A5S360/390R
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Transmission Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Notes
          • 4HP22/24 (Eh)
          • All Except A5S360/390R, GA6HP26Z
          • A5S360/390R Transmission
          • GA6HP26Z
        • KICKDOWN Switch
        • Brake Switch
        • Transmission Range Selector Switch
        • Transmission Program Switch
        • STEPTRONIC Components
        • Magnetic Valves
        • Pressure Regulating Solenoids
        • HYDRAMATIC Pressure Regulator
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Transmission Range
          • Transmission Program
          • Transmission Fault Information
      • Transmission Features & Principles Of Operation
        • Adaptive Hydraulic Pressure Control
        • Downshift Protection
        • Reverse Lockout
        • Engine Warm Up Cycle
        • ASC/DSC Shift Intervention
        • Torque Reduction
        • Emergency Program
        • A/C Compressor Load Sensing (HYDRAMATIC Transmissions)
        • Shift Lock
        • Torque Converter Clutch
        • Shift Solenoid Control
        • Pressure Regulation
        • Shift Programs
        • STEPTRONIC Shift Modes
        • Automatic Functions In Manual Mode
        • STEPTRONIC Shifter Circuit
      • Adaptive Features (AGS)
        • Notes
        • Driver Influenced Features Of AGS
        • Drive Away Evaluation
        • Kick Fast Feature
        • Stop & Go
        • Winter Drive Program
        • Hill Recognition Program
        • Curve Recognition
        • Cruise Control Drive Program
        • Manually Selected "Extreme Sport" Program
        • Modifications To AGS Features
      • Can Bus Communication
        • Notes
        • Can Bus Topology
        • Troubleshooting The Can Bus
        • Failure Of The Can Bus Cables
        • Terminal Resistors
      • Diagnosis & Troubleshooting
        • Notes
        • Establishing A Diagnostic Plan
        • Fault Codes
        • Fault Conditions
        • Identification Page
        • Diagnosis Program
        • Test Modules
        • Diagnostic Tips
      • TCM Coding & Programming
        • Notes
        • Coding
        • Programming
      • Transmission Fluid Information
        • Transmission Fluid (Oil)
        • Transmission Fluid Checking Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Application
      • Transmission Service
        • Overview Of Allowable Repairs
    • Operating Fluids - Automatic Transmission
      • 1.0 General Information On Automatic Transmission Fluids
      • 2.0 Oil Additives
      • 3.0 Approved Automatic Transmission Fluids For Initial Fillings and Correcting Fluid Levels
        • 3.1 GM Transmissions
          • Notes
          • A4S 270R (THM-R1W)
          • A4S 310R (THM-R1)
          • A4S 200R (Gm4) & A5S 360R/390R (Gm5)
            • Notes
            • Vehicles using transmission oils ETL 7045 E and Dexron VI
        • 3.2 ZF Transmissions
          • Notes
          • ZF 3HP22, 4HP22, 4HP24
          • A5S 310Z (5HP18)
            • E36
            • E34
          • A5S325Z (5HP19)
            • E46
            • E39
            • E83
            • E85
          • A5S 440Z (5HP24)
            • E31
            • E38
            • E39
            • E53
          • A5S 560Z (5HP30)
            • E31
            • E32
            • E34
            • E38
            • E39
          • GA6HP19Z
            • E90
          • GA6HP26Z
            • E60/61
            • E60
            • E63, E64
            • E65
            • E66
      • 4.0 Checking Transmission Fluid Level
        • Notes
        • ZF 3HP and 4HP
        • A5S 560Z, A5S440Z, GA6HP19Z, GA6HP26Z, GA6HP26Z, A5S325Z, A5S 310Z
        • A4S 270R, A4S 310R and A5S 360R
      • 5.0 Transmission Fluid Change Intervals (If Applicable)
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
      • 1.0 General Information
    • Removal & Installation - A/T (5HP18 & 5HP30)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Application
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
  • Clutch
    • Clutch - Special Tools - E38
      • Clutch
        • 21 2 170 Tensioning tool
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 21 2 180 Locating ring
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 21 2 190 Locating ring
        • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
      • 21 5 030 Fixture
    • Operating Fluids - Clutch
      • 1.0 General Information
      • 2.0 SMG: Sequential Manual Gear Box
      • 3.0 Other Operating Fluids
        • Clutch Component Grease
    • Pedals - Special Tools - E38
      • Pedals
        • Notes
        • 35 0 010 Setting gauge
          • Minimum set: Mechanical tools
  • Hydraulic Diagrams - ZF 5HP30
    • Hydraulic Diagrams - ZF 5HP30
  • Manual Trans
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
      • 1.0 General Information
    • Operating Fluids - Manual Transmission
      • 1.0 General Information on Gear Lubricants
      • 2.0 Oil Additives
      • 3.0 Manual Transmission Oil Requirements and Specifications
        • Notes
        • Manual Transmission Cold Shift Effort
      • 4.0 Transmission Oil Change Interval
• External Pages