Repair and Diagnosis

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
  • DTC Index
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Tech Tips
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Connector End Views (E66)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair Instructions
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Car Access System - Overview - E65 & E66
    • DRIVEAWAY Protection - Overview
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Remote Control Services - Overview - E65
    • Remote Keyless Entry - Service Information
  • Collision/Avoidance
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control - Service Information
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control Systems - Special Tools
    • Park Distance Control - Overview - E65
  • Communication Devices
    • Bus System Troubleshooting - Overview
    • Cellular Communication Systems - Overview
    • Introduction To Bus Systems - Overview
    • Most Bus Diagnosis - Overview
    • Most Bus Diagnostics - Overview
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Active Cruise Control - Overview - E65
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control - Service Information
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control Systems - Special Tools
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Audio - Overview - E65
    • Audio -- Service Information
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair Instructions
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • BMW Universal BLUETOOTH - Overview
  • Exterior Lights
    • Lighting Systems - Overview
    • Lights - Repair Instructions
    • Lights - Special Tools
    • Lights - Technical Data
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Car Access System - Overview - E65 & E66
    • Communication Systems - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • IDRIVE - Comfort Area - Overview
    • IDRIVE - Driving Area - Overview
    • Instrument Cluster - Overview - E65
    • Instruments - Repair Instructions
    • Instruments - Special Tools
    • Speech Processing System - Overview
    • Telephone - Overview - E65
  • Headlights
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Lighting Systems - Overview
    • Lights - Repair Instructions
    • Lights - Special Tools
    • Lights - Technical Data
  • Horns
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Infotainment
    • Audio - Overview - E65
    • Audio -- Service Information
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair Instructions
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • BMW Universal BLUETOOTH - Overview
    • Navigation System - Overview - E65
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Body - Overview
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Operating Fluids - Body Equipment
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Lighting Systems - Overview
    • Lights - Repair Instructions
    • Lights - Special Tools
    • Lights - Technical Data
    • Trunk Lid Light
  • Memory Modules
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Seat, Mirror & Steering Column Functions - Overview - E65
  • Seats
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
    • Seat, Mirror & Steering Column Functions - Overview - E65
    • Seats - Repair
    • Seats - Special Tools
    • Seats - Tightening Torques
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Wiper/Washer - Overview
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair Instructions
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Car Access System - Overview - E65 & E66
    • DRIVEAWAY Protection - Overview
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Remote Control Services - Overview - E65
    • Remote Keyless Entry - Service Information
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body - Overview
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Body - Overview
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Operating Fluids - Body Equipment
  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Seat, Mirror & Steering Column Functions - Overview - E65
  • Seats
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
    • Seat, Mirror & Steering Column Functions - Overview - E65
    • Seats - Repair
    • Seats - Special Tools
    • Seats - Tightening Torques
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Sunroof And Convertible Top
    • Slide/Tilt Roof - Repair
    • Slide/Tilt Roof And Convertible Top - Tightening Torques
  • Windows
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• Brakes
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brakes - Repair Instructions
    • Brakes - Special Tools
    • Brakes - Tightening Torques
    • DISC - 745i, 745Li, 760i & 760Li
    • Operating Fluids - Brakes
    • Operating Fluids - Pedals
    • Pedals - Repair
    • Pedals - Tightening Torques
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Front Axle - Repair Instructions
    • Front Axle - Special Tools
    • Front Axle - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
    • Rear Axle - Repair
    • Rear Axle - Special Tools
    • Rear Axle - Tightening Torques
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
    • Rear Axle - Repair
    • Rear Axle - Special Tools
    • Rear Axle - Tightening Torques
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Operating Fluids - Drive Shaft
    • Propeller Shaft - Repair Instructions
    • Propeller Shaft - Special Tools
    • Propeller Shaft - Technical Data
    • Propeller Shaft - Tightening Torques
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Body Electronics III - Overview
    • Breakout Boxes & Connectors - Overview
    • Central Body Electronics - Overview - 7-Series (E65/E66)
    • CIP Programming - Overview
    • Connector End Views (E66)
    • DVOM - Overview
    • Electric Signals - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
    • Power Module - Overview
  • Charging Systems
    • Battery - Overview
    • Charging Systems - Overview
    • Closed Circuit Current Monitoring - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Generators & Regulators
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuse Assignment Symbol Definitions
    • Fuses & Circuit Breakers - E65/E66
  • Gauges
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Car Access System - Overview - E65 & E66
    • Communication Systems - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • IDRIVE - Comfort Area - Overview
    • IDRIVE - Driving Area - Overview
    • Instrument Cluster - Overview - E65
    • Instruments - Repair Instructions
    • Instruments - Special Tools
    • Speech Processing System - Overview
    • Telephone - Overview - E65
  • Horns
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Body Electronics III - Overview
    • Breakout Boxes & Connectors - Overview
    • Central Body Electronics - Overview - 7-Series (E65/E66)
    • CIP Programming - Overview
    • Connector End Views (E66)
    • DVOM - Overview
    • Electric Signals - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
    • Power Module - Overview
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Starter
    • Starting Systems - Overview
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Connector End Views (E66)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
  • Cooling Fans
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System - Repair Instructions
    • Cooling System - Tightening Torques
    • Engine - Repair (N73)
    • Operating Fluids - Radiator
    • Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
  • Operating Fluids - Exhaust System
  • Fuel System
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair Instruction
    • Fuel Supply System - Si Techniques
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair Instructions
    • Fuel System - Si Techniques
    • Fuel System - Special Tools
    • Fuel System - Technical Data
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques
  • Mechanical
    • Basic Measuring Techniques - Overview
    • Engine - Repair (N73)
    • Engine - Technical Data
    • Engine - Tightening Torques
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Repair
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Tightening Torques
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Engine- Special Tools
    • Maintenance And General Information - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Engine
    • V12 Engine - Overview
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Starter
    • Starting Systems - Overview
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - On-Vehicle Adjustments
  • Application
    • Introduction
  • Emissions
    • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Engine - Repair (N73)
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair Instruction
    • Fuel Supply System - Si Techniques
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair Instructions
    • Fuel System - Si Techniques
    • Fuel System - Special Tools
    • Fuel System - Technical Data
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques
  • Ignition System
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • BMW Mode 6
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
  • System
    • Coding And Programming - Overview
    • Diagnostic Equipment - Overview
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes With Test Charts (V12)
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Med 9.2.1 Engine Management System - Overview
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Coding And Programming - Overview
    • Diagnostic Equipment - Overview
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes With Test Charts (V12)
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Med 9.2.1 Engine Management System - Overview
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Theory and Operation
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • Engine Electrical System - Service Information
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
    • Map - Brake Systems
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
  • Drive Cycles
    • Emissions - Overview
    • OBD-II Drive Cycles
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
  • DTC Index
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
  • Identification
    • BMW Model & Engine Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
    • Euro English-To-U.S. Translations
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
    • Metric Conversions
  • OEM General Information
    • Coding And Programming - Overview - All Models
    • Maintenance And General Information - Repair Instructions
    • Maintenance And General Information - Special Tools
    • Maintenance And General Information - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Maintenance & General Information
  • Reset Procedures
    • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
    • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
    • CIP- Coding, Individualization, Programming - Overview
    • Condition Based Service - Overview
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems
  • Restraints
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Repair Instructions
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Service Information
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Special Tools
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Technical Data
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Air Conditioning And Heating
    • Rear Air Conditioning - Overview
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair Instructions
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering - Overview
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering - Overview
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
  • Seat, Mirror & Steering Column Functions - Overview - E65
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension
    • Air Suspension - Overview - E65 & E66
    • Integrated Suspension System - Special Tools
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Operating Fluids
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Repair
    • Level Control Systems - Overview - 5-Series, 7-Series
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Axle - Repair Instructions
    • Front Axle - Special Tools
    • Front Axle - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
    • Suspension - Front
  • Rear Suspension
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
    • Rear Axle - Repair
    • Rear Axle - Special Tools
    • Rear Axle - Tightening Torques
    • Suspension - Rear
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Specifications & Procedures
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Operating Fluids - Wheels And Tires
    • Wheel And Tires - Repair Instructions
    • Wheel And Tires - Service Information
    • Wheel And Tires - Special Tools
    • Wheel And Tires - Technical Data
    • Wheel And Tires - Tightening Torques
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission - Overview (GA6HP26Z)
    • Automatic Transmission - Removal & Installation
    • Automatic Transmission Control - Overview
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes With Test Charts (V12)
    • Electronic Transmission - Overview
    • Electronic Transmission Control - Overview
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Repair
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Tightening Torques
    • Gear Shift Mechanisms
    • On-Vehicle Servicing - GA6HP26Z
    • Operating Fluids - Automatic Transmission
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
    • SMG II - Overview
    • Standard/Automatic Transmission - Overview
  • Clutch
    • Clutch - Torque Specifications
    • Operating Fluids - Clutch
    • Pedals - Repair
    • Pedals - Tightening Torques
  • Manual Trans
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Repair
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Tightening Torques
    • Gear Shift Mechanisms
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
    • Operating Fluids - Manual Transmission
    • SMG II - Overview
• External Pages