Repair and Diagnosis

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
  • DTC Index
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
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  • Fluids
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  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Connector End Views (E86)
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    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Remote Keyless Entry - Service Information
  • Collision/Avoidance
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control - Repair Instructions
  • Communication Devices
    • Bus System Troubleshooting - Overview
    • Cellular Communication Systems - Overview
    • Introduction To Bus Systems - Overview
    • Most Bus Diagnostics - Overview
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Distance Systems, Cruise Control - Repair Instructions
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • BMW Universal BLUETOOTH - Overview
    • Information And Communication Systems - Overview - E85
  • Exterior Lights
    • Lights - Repair
    • Lights - Technical Data
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Communication Systems - Repair Instructions
    • Communication Systems - Service Information
    • Communications - Overview
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    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Instruments - Repair Instructions
  • Headlights
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Lights - Repair
    • Lights - Technical Data
  • Horns
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Infotainment
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • BMW Universal BLUETOOTH - Overview
    • Information And Communication Systems - Overview - E85
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
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    • Operating Fluids - Body Equipment
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Lights - Repair
    • Lights - Technical Data
  • Memory Modules
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
  • Seats
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
    • Seats - Repair
    • Seats - Special Tools
    • Seats - Tightening Torques
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Remote Keyless Entry - Service Information
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Shell - Overview
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Body Shell - Overview
    • Operating Fluids - Body Equipment
  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
  • Seats
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
    • Seats - Repair
    • Seats - Special Tools
    • Seats - Tightening Torques
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Convertible Top & Hardtop - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Sunroof And Convertible Top
    • Slide/Tilt Roof - Repair
    • Slide/Tilt Roof And Convertible Top - Tightening Torques - M Roadster
  • Windows
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• Brakes
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brakes - Repair Instruction
    • Brakes - Service Techniques
    • Brakes - Special Tools
    • Brakes - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Brakes
    • Operating Fluids - Pedals
    • Pedals - Repair Instructions
    • Pedals - Tightening Torques
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Front Axle - Repair Instructions
    • Front Axle - Special Tools
    • Front Axle - Technical Data
    • Front Axle - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
    • Rear Axle - Repair Instructions
    • Rear Axle - Si Techniques
    • Rear Axle - Special Tools
    • Rear Axle - Technical Data
    • Rear Axle - Tightening Torques
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
    • Rear Axle - Repair Instructions
    • Rear Axle - Si Techniques
    • Rear Axle - Special Tools
    • Rear Axle - Technical Data
    • Rear Axle - Tightening Torques
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Operating Fluids - Drive Shaft
    • Propeller Shaft - Repair Instructions
    • Propeller Shaft - Special Tools
    • Propeller Shaft - Technical Data
    • Propeller Shaft - Tightening Torques
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Breakout Boxes & Connectors - Overview
    • Central Body Electronics - Overview - E85
    • CIP Programming - Overview
    • Connector End Views (E86)
    • DVOM - Overview
    • Electric Signals - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
    • Power Supply & Bus - Overview
  • Charging Systems
    • Battery - Overview
    • Charging Systems - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
    • Electrical Component Locator
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuse Assignment Symbol Definitions
  • Gauges
    • Body Equipment - Repair Instructions
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Communication Systems - Repair Instructions
    • Communication Systems - Service Information
    • Communications - Overview
    • Driver Information - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Instruments - Repair Instructions
  • Horns
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Breakout Boxes & Connectors - Overview
    • Central Body Electronics - Overview - E85
    • CIP Programming - Overview
    • Connector End Views (E86)
    • DVOM - Overview
    • Electric Signals - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
    • Power Supply & Bus - Overview
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Starter - Repair
    • Starting Systems - Overview
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Connector End Views (E86)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Mechanical
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System - Repair
    • Cooling System - Special Tools
    • Cooling System - Technical Data
    • Cooling System - Tightening Torques
    • Engine - Repair Instructions (S54)
    • Operating Fluids - Radiator
  • Exhaust
    • Exhaust System - Repair Instructions
    • Exhaust System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Exhaust System
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair Instructions
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair Instruction
    • Fuel System - Special Tools
    • Fuel System - Technical Data
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - Repair Instructions (S54)
    • Engine - Service Information
    • Engine - Special Tools
    • Engine - Technical Data
    • Engine - Tightening Torques
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Repair
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Tightening Torques
    • Engine Technology - Overview
    • Maintenance And General Information - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Engine
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Starter - Repair
    • Starting Systems - Overview
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Engine - Repair Instructions (S54)
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair Instructions
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair Instruction
    • Fuel System - Special Tools
    • Fuel System - Technical Data
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques
  • Ignition System
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Mode 6
    • Mode 06 Data
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
  • System
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes - 6-Speed ZF Transmission
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes (S54)
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Mode 06 Data
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes - 6-Speed ZF Transmission
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes (S54)
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Mode 06 Data
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Theory and Operation
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
    • Map - Brake Systems
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
  • Drive Cycles
    • Emissions - Overview
    • OBD-II Drive Cycles
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
  • DTC Index
  • Electrical
    • General Electrical System - Si Techniques
    • Map - Electrical Systems
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • General Electrical System - Si Techniques
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
  • Identification
    • BMW Model & Engine Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
    • Euro English-To-U.S. Translations
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
    • Metric Conversions
  • OEM General Information
    • Coding And Programming - Overview - All Models
    • Complete Vehicle - Overview - Z4
    • Instruments - Si Techniques
    • Maintenance And General Information - Repair Instructions
    • Maintenance And General Information - Si Techniques
    • Maintenance And General Information - Special Tools
    • Maintenance And General Information - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Maintenance & General Information
  • Reset Procedures
    • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems
  • Restraints
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Overview
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Repair Instructions
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Special Tools - M Coupe, M Roadster
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Technical Data
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Air Conditioning And Heating
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Advanced Safety Electronics - Overview
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Repair
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Special Tools
    • Audio, Navigation, Anti-Theft And Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair
    • General Electrical System - Service Techniques
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools -- M Coupe
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Restraint System - Repair Instruction
    • Restraint System - Tightening Torques
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Advanced Safety Electronics - Overview
    • Restraint System - Repair Instruction
    • Restraint System - Tightening Torques
  • Seat Belts
    • Advanced Safety Electronics - Overview
    • Restraint System - Repair Instruction
    • Restraint System - Tightening Torques
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
    • Steering- Overview
  • Power Steering
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
    • Steering- Overview
  • Steering Column - Repair
  • Steering Gear - Repair
  • Steering Linkage - Repair
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Operating Fluids
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Repair
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Tightening Torques
  • Front Suspension
    • Chassis Dynamics - Overview
    • Front Axle - Repair Instructions
    • Front Axle - Special Tools
    • Front Axle - Technical Data
    • Front Axle - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
    • Steering- Overview
    • UNDERCAR Technology - Overview
  • Rear Suspension
    • Chassis Dynamics - Overview
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
    • Rear Axle - Repair Instructions
    • Rear Axle - Si Techniques
    • Rear Axle - Special Tools
    • Rear Axle - Technical Data
    • Rear Axle - Tightening Torques
    • UNDERCAR Technology - Overview
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
    • Steering- Overview
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Mobility (Tire Inflation) System - Repair Instructions
    • Operating Fluids - Wheels And Tires
    • Wheel And Tire System - Si Techniques
    • Wheel And Tires - Repair Instructions
    • Wheel And Tires - Service Information
    • Wheel And Tires - Special Tools
    • Wheel And Tires - Technical Data
    • Wheel And Tires - Tightening Torques
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission - Operating Fluids
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes - 6-Speed ZF Transmission
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Repair
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Tightening Torques
    • Gear Shift Mechanism - Repair Instructions
    • Operating Fluids - Automatic Transmission
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
    • Standard/Automatic Transmission - Overview
  • Clutch
    • Clutch - Repair Instructions
    • Clutch - Special Tools
    • Clutch - Technical Data
    • Clutch - Tightening Torques
    • Clutch - Torque Specifications
    • Operating Fluids - Clutch
    • Pedals - Repair Instructions
    • Pedals - Tightening Torques
  • Manual Trans
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Repair
    • Engine And Transmission Mounting - Tightening Torques
    • Gear Shift Mechanism - Repair Instructions
    • Manual Transmission
    • Manual Transmission - Servicing
    • Manual Transmission - Specifications
    • Manual Transmission - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
    • Operating Fluids - Manual Transmission
  • Transfer Case - Repair Instructions
  • Transmission Control Systems
    • Gear Shift Mechanism - Tightening Torques
• External Pages