Repair and Diagnosis

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• Quick Lookups
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• Accessories & Equipment
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    • Airbag, Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft - Repair
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    • Lights - Repair
    • Lights - Technical Data
    • Lights - Tightening Torques
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    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
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  • Headlights
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
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    • Lights - Technical Data
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    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
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    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Infotainment
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    • Body Equipment - Repair
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    • Lights - Tightening Torques
  • Memory Modules
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
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  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Repair
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
  • Seats
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
    • Seats - Repair
    • Seats - Special Tools
    • Seats - Tightening Torques
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Body Equipment - Repair
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Airbag, Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft - Repair
    • Airbag, Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Repair
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • EWS Locking And Anti-Theft System - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Remote Keyless Entry - Service Information
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body - Special Tools
    • Body - Tightening Torques
    • Collision - Body Dimensions (E83)
    • Collision - Body Panel Repair (E83)
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Body Equipment - Repair
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Body Equipment
  • Mirrors
    • Body Equipment - Repair
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
  • Seats
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Seats
    • Seats - Repair
    • Seats - Special Tools
    • Seats - Tightening Torques
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Sunroof And Convertible Top
    • Slide/Tilt Roof - Service Information
    • Slide/Tilt Roof And Convertible Top - Tightening Torques
    • Slide/Tilt Sunroof - Repair
    • Slide/Tilt Sunroof - Special Tools
  • Towing Systems
    • Towing - Tightening Torques
    • Trailers - Repair
    • Trailers - Tightening Torques
  • Windows
    • Body Equipment - Repair
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Electrical Drives - Repair
    • Electrical Drives - Tightening Torques
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
• Brakes
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brakes - Repair
    • Brakes - Special Tools
    • Brakes - Technical Data
    • Brakes - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Brakes
    • Operating Fluids - Pedals
    • Pedals - Repair
    • Pedals - Tightening Torques
• Collision
  • Body Panels
    • Collision - Body Panel Repair (E83)
  • Dimensions
    • Collision - Body Dimensions (E83)
    • Collision - Body Panel Repair (E83)
  • General Collision Information
    • Collision - Body Panel Repair (E83)
  • Sealing & Corrosion Protection
    • Collision - Body Panel Repair (E83)
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Axle Shafts - Repair
    • Driveline/Axle - Overview
    • Front Axle - Repair
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Driveline/Axle - Overview
    • Front Axle - Repair
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Driveline/Axle - Overview
    • Operating Fluids - Drive Shaft
    • Propeller Shaft - Repair
    • Propeller Shaft - Special Tools
    • Propeller Shaft - Technical Data
    • Propeller Shaft - Tightening Torques
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Body Electrical - Overview
    • Breakout Boxes & Connectors - Overview
    • CIP Programming - Overview
    • Connector End Views (E83)
    • DVOM - Overview
    • Electric Signals - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
  • Charging Systems
    • Battery - Overview
    • Charging Systems - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
    • Electrical Component Locator
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuse Assignment Symbol Definitions
    • Fuses & Circuit Breakers - E83
  • Gauges
    • Body Equipment - Repair
    • Body Equipment - Special Tools
    • Body Equipment - Tightening Torques
    • Cellular Phone Systems - Repair
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Instruments - Repair
  • Horns
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Body Electrical - Overview
    • Breakout Boxes & Connectors - Overview
    • CIP Programming - Overview
    • Connector End Views (E83)
    • DVOM - Overview
    • Electric Signals - Overview
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Electrical System
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Starter
    • Starting Systems - Overview
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Connector End Views (E83)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Mechanical
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System - Repair (M54)
    • Cooling System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Cooling System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Cooling System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Engine - Repair (M54)
    • Operating Fluids - Radiator
  • Exhaust
    • Exhaust System - Repair
    • Exhaust System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Operating Fluids - Exhaust System
  • Fuel System
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair (M54)
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair (M54)
    • Fuel System - Special Tools
    • Fuel System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques (M54)
  • Mechanical
    • Basic Measuring Techniques - Overview
    • Engine - Repair (M54)
    • Engine - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Repair (M54)
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Engine Technology - Overview
    • Maintenance And General Information - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Engine
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Starter
    • Starting Systems - Overview
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Engine - Repair (M54)
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Fuel Supply System - Repair (M54)
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools
    • Fuel Supply System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data
    • Fuel Supply System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques
    • Fuel Supply System - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Fuel System - Operating Fluids
    • Fuel System - Repair (M54)
    • Fuel System - Special Tools
    • Fuel System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Fuel System - Tightening Torques (M54)
  • Ignition System
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques (M54)
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques (M54)
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
  • System
    • Coding And Programming - Overview
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes - 6-Speed ZF Transmission
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes With Test Charts (6-CYL)
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Coding And Programming - Overview
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes - 6-Speed ZF Transmission
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes With Test Charts (6-CYL)
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Theory and Operation
    • Emissions - Overview
    • Understanding Diagnostics - Overview
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Diagnosis - Overview
    • Engine Electrical System - Repair (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Technical Data (M54)
    • Engine Electrical System - Tightening Torques (M54)
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
    • Map - Brake Systems
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
  • Drive Cycles
    • Emissions - Overview
    • OBD-II Drive Cycles
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
  • DTC Index
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
  • Identification
    • BMW Model & Engine Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
    • Euro English-To-U.S. Translations
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
    • Metric Conversions
  • OEM General Information
    • Coding And Programming - Overview - All Models
    • Electronic Systems - Overview
    • Maintenance And General Information - Repair Instructions
    • Maintenance And General Information - Special Tools
    • Maintenance And General Information - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Maintenance & General Information
  • Reset Procedures
    • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
    • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems
  • Restraints
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Repair
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Special Tools
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Technical Data
    • Heating And Air Conditioning - Tightening Torques
    • Operating Fluids - Air Conditioning And Heating
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
    • Airbag, Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft - Repair
    • Airbag, Audio, Navigation And Anti-Theft - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Repair Instructions
    • General Electrical System - Special Tools
    • General Electrical System - Technical Data
    • General Electrical System - Tightening Torques
    • Restraints - Overview
    • Restraints - Repair
    • Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • Safety Systems - Overview - E83
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Restraints - Overview
    • Restraints - Repair
    • Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • Safety Systems - Overview - E83
  • Seat Belts
    • Restraints - Overview
    • Restraints - Repair
    • Restraints - Tightening Torques
    • Safety Systems - Overview - E83
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering - Overview
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
  • Power Steering
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering - Overview
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Operating Fluids
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Repair
    • Integrated Suspension Systems - Tightening Torques
    • XDRIVE/DSC - Overview
  • Front Suspension
    • Chassis Dynamics - Overview
    • Chassis Dynamics -- Overview
    • Front Axle - Repair
    • Front Suspension
    • Operating Fluids - Front Axle
    • Steering - Overview
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
    • UNDERCAR Technology - Overview
  • Rear Suspension
    • Chassis Dynamics - Overview
    • Chassis Dynamics -- Overview
    • Operating Fluids - Rear Axle
    • Rear Suspension - Repair
    • UNDERCAR Technology - Overview
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Specifications & Procedures
    • Steering - Operating Fluids
    • Steering - Overview
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Repair
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Service Information
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Special Tools
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Technical Data
    • Steering And Wheel Alignment - Tightening Torques
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Operating Fluids - Wheels And Tires
    • Wheel And Tires - Service Information
    • Wheel And Tires - Special Tools
    • Wheel And Tires - Technical Data
    • Wheel And Tires - Tightening Torques
    • Wheels & Tires - Repair
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission - Removal & Installation - A5S360R
    • Automatic Transmission - Special Tools
    • Automatic Transmission - Tightening Torques
    • Automatic Transmission Control - Overview
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes - 6-Speed ZF Transmission
    • Diagnostic Trouble Codes With Test Charts (6-CYL)
    • Electronic Transmission Control - Overview
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Repair (M54)
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Gear Shift - Repair
    • Gear Shift Mechanism - Special Tools
    • Gear Shift Mechanism - Tightening Torques
    • Gear Shift Mechanisms
    • On-Vehicle Servicing - (A5S 360R/390R)
    • Operating Fluids - Automatic Transmission
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
    • Servicing - A/T
    • Standard/Automatic Transmission - Overview
  • Clutch
    • Clutch - Repair
    • Clutch - Torque Specifications
    • Operating Fluids - Clutch
    • Pedals - Repair
    • Pedals - Tightening Torques
  • Manual Trans
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Repair (M54)
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Special Tools (M54)
    • Engine And Gearbox Mounting - Tightening Torques (M54)
    • Gear Shift - Repair
    • Gear Shift Mechanism - Special Tools
    • Gear Shift Mechanism - Tightening Torques
    • Gear Shift Mechanisms
    • Manual Transmission - Torque Specifications, Removal, & Installation (GS6-37BZ)
    • On-Vehicle Servicing - (GS6-37BZ)
    • Operating Fluids - Gear Shift Mechanism
    • Operating Fluids - Manual Transmission
  • Transfer Case
    • On-Vehicle Servicing - X3
    • Transfer Case - Description & Operation
    • Transfer Case - Operating Fluids
    • Transfer Case - Overhaul - X3
    • Transfer Case - Overview (X-Drive)
    • Transfer Case Removal & Installation - X3
• External Pages