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Steering System - Variable Effort
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Steering System - Variable Effort
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Description & Operation
Trouble Shooting - Non-Electronic
Testing
Full Assist At All Times (Decreased Road Feel, VES System Inoperative)
Determining Duty Cycle
Duty Cycle About 20-30 Percent
Duty Cycle About 57-67 Percent
No Duty Cycle Present
PIN "D" ALWAYS LOW Message Displayed
PIN "D" ALWAYS LOW Message Displayed, Then Duty Cycle Changes
Decreased Assist At All Times
Lubrication
Hydraulic System Bleeding
Adjustments
Power Steering Pump Belt
Removal & Installation
Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
Removal & Installation
Variable Effort Steering (VES) Actuator
Removal & Installation
Torque Specifications
Wiring Diagram