Engine Performance: System: Turbocharger: Description
The turbocharger is a blow-through type system. Fuel is introduced downstream of the compressor. This is an "on-demand" system that boosts engine output at high-load/high-speed conditions.
The turbocharger is equipped with a charge air cooler (intercooler) mounted between the turbocharger and the throttle body. The intercooler cools air flowing out of the turbocharger. This cooling, along with turbo boost, improves combustion efficiency and engine horsepower.
The turbocharger boost control system provides electronic variable boost control. The boost control provides regulation of the exhaust by-pass device or wastegate. If a fault develops in the wastegate, actuator, or solenoid valve, resulting in excessive boost pressures, an overboost warning chime will sound. The warning chime is actuated by the vane airflow meter through the ECA. A knock sensor and knock control unit combine to retard the engine spark advance when engine knocking occurs due to overboost.
The 5 major components of the turbocharger are compressor, turbine, wastegate actuator, wastegate, and a water-cooled center housing.