Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

You are viewing the full "tree" of links on one page. This can load slowly, but is easier to search. The same page can appear multiple times under a different folder, that is why the page is so large.
View "split tree" where inner folders are split out. where inner links are on separate pages.

Expand All (for easy ctrl-f) Collapse All

• Quick Lookups
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Motors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Safety Recalls
    • Tech Tips
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Cooling Fan
      • Defoggers
      • Horn
      • Radio
      • Starting/Charging
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • Component Location Menu
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Description
    • Testing
      • Fuel Gauge
      • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
      • Temperature Gauge & Sending Unit
        • Gauge Check
        • Sending Unit Check
      • Oil Pressure Light & Switch
        • Bulb Check
        • Switch Check
      • Brake Fluid Warning Indicator
      • Cruise Control Switch
      • Panel Illumination Switch
      • Wiper Switch
      • Tachometer
    • Removal & Installation
      • Instrument Cluster
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Defogger - Rear Window
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • System Testing
        • Defogger Grid
        • Defogger Grid Repair
      • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Defogger Switch
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Testing
      • Combination Switch
      • Headlight/Dimmer Switch
      • Hazard Flasher
      • Ignition Switch
      • Turn Signal Switch
      • Horn Pad
      • Wiper Switch
    • Removal & Installation
      • Air Bag Precautions
      • Steering Wheel & Horn Pad
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Combination Switch (Headlight/Turn Signal/Wipers)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Headlight/Dimmer Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Ignition Switch
      • Lock Cylinder
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Turn Signal Switch
      • Wiper Switch
    • Torque Specifications
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Description
    • Testing
      • Front Wiper Switch
      • Front Wiper Motor
      • Front & Rear Washer Pump
      • Front Intermittent Wiper Relay Circuit
      • Rear Wiper/Washer Switch
      • Rear Wiper Motor
    • Removal & Installation
      • Front Wiper Switch
      • Front Wiper Motor
      • Rear Wiper Switch
      • Rear Wiper Motor
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Brakes
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc & Drum
      • Description
      • Bleeding
        • Brake Bleeding Procedure
      • Adjustments
        • Pedal Free Play
          • Notes
          • Metro & Tracker
          • Prizm & Prizm GSi
        • Pedal Height
          • Prism, Prism GSi, Storm & Storm GSi
          • Metro & Tracker
        • Pedal Travel
          • Notes
          • Metro, Prism, Prism GSi & Tracker
        • Parking Brake
          • Notes
          • Metro, Prizm GSi & Tracker
          • Prizm, Storm & Storm GSi
        • Rear Drum Brake Shoes
          • Prism, Prism GSi, Storm, Storm GSi & Tracker
          • Metro
        • Stoplight Switch
          • Prism, Prism GSi, Storm & Storm GSi
          • Metro & Tracker
      • Removal & Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Pads
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Rotor & Hub
          • Removal & Installation (Except Metro)
          • Removal (Metro)
          • Installation (Metro)
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Brake Unit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Disc Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation (Prizm GSi)
        • Rear Disc Brake Pads
          • Removal & Installation (Prizm GSi)
        • Rear Brake Shoes (Metro)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Brake Shoes (PRIZM, Storm)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Brake Shoes (Tracker)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Front Disc Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • REAR DISC BRAKE CALIPERRIZM GSi)
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder (Metro & Tracker)
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • MASTER CYLINDER (PRIZM & PRIZM GSi)
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • MASTER CYLINDER (STROM & STROM GSi)
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Power Brake Unit
      • Torque Specifications
        • Torque Specifications (Metro)
        • TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (PRIZM & PRIZM GSi)
        • TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (STORM & STORM GSi)
        • Torque Specifications (Tracker)
      • Disc Brake Specifications
        • Front Disc Brake Specifications (Metro)
        • FRONT DISC BRAKE SPECIFICATIONS (PRIZM & PRIZM GSi)
        • FRONT DISC BRAKE SPECIFICATIONS (STORM & STORM GSi)
        • Front Disc Brake Specifications (Tracker)
        • REAR DISC BRAKE SPECIFICATIONS (PRIZM GSi)
      • Drum Brake Specifications
        • Rear Drum Brake Specifications (Metro)
        • REAR DRUM BRAKE SPECIFICATIONS (PRIZM & PRIZM GSi)
        • REAR DRUM BRAKE SPECIFICATIONS (STORM & STORM GSi)
        • Rear Drum Brake Specifications (Tracker)
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts - Front
    • Description & Operation
    • Overhaul
      • Fwd Axle Shaft - Metro
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection
        • Reassembly
        • Installation
      • Fwd Axle Shaft - PRIZM
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection
        • Reassembly
        • Installation
      • Fwd Axle Shaft - Storm
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection
        • Reassembly
        • Installation
      • Fwd Axle Shaft - Tracker
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection
        • Reassembly
        • Installation
    • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Charging Systems
    • Alternator & Regulator
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Testing (On-Vehicle)
        • Current Output Test
        • Voltage Regulator Test
      • Bench Testing
        • Alternator Output Test
        • Rotor Test
        • Stator Test
        • Rectifier Test
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Motors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Panel
      • Description
      • Testing
        • Fuel Gauge
        • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
        • Temperature Gauge & Sending Unit
          • Gauge Check
          • Sending Unit Check
        • Oil Pressure Light & Switch
          • Bulb Check
          • Switch Check
        • Brake Fluid Warning Indicator
        • Cruise Control Switch
        • Panel Illumination Switch
        • Wiper Switch
        • Tachometer
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Starter - Reduction Gear
    • Description
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Testing (On-Vehicle)
      • Notes
      • Cranking Test
      • Circuit Test
      • Clutch Start Switch (M/T) Test
        • Prizm & Storm
        • Tracker
      • Neutral Safety Switch (A/T) Test
        • Metro
        • Prizm
        • Tracker
      • Neutral Relay Test
        • Storm (3-Speed A/T)
      • Park/Neutral Switch Test
        • Storm (3-Speed A/T)
        • Storm GSi (4-Speed A/T)
      • Starter Relay Test
        • Prizm (M/T)
      • Starter Restart Relay Test
        • Storm
      • Ignition Switch Test
        • Metro
        • Prizm
        • Storm
        • Tracker
    • Bench Testing
      • No-Load Test
      • Solenoid Pull-In Coil Test
      • Solenoid Hold-In Coil Test
    • Removal & Installation
      • Removal
      • Installation
    • Overhaul
      • Disassembly & Reassembly
      • Inspection
        • Brushes & Springs
        • Commutator
        • Armature Coil
        • Field Coil
    • Torque Specifications
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Cooling Fan
      • Defoggers
      • Horn
      • Radio
      • Starting/Charging
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • Component Location Menu
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications
      • Belt Adjustment
  • Engine Cooling Fan
    • Description & Operation
    • Trouble Shooting & Testing
      • Notes
      • System Testing (Metro)
      • System Testing (PRIZM & PRIZM GSI)
      • System Testing (Storm & Storm GSI)
      • Cooling Fan THERMOSWITCH Test (Metro, PRIZM & PRIZM GSI)
      • Cooling Fan THERMOSWITCH Test (Storm & Storm GSI)
      • Cooling Fan & Main Relays Test (PRIZM & PRIZM GSI)
      • Cooling Fan Motor Test (Except Metro)
      • Cooling Fan Motor Test (Metro)
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications
      • Cooling System Specifications
    • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications
      • Belt Adjustment
  • Mechanical
    • 1.6L 4-CYL - VIN [U]
      • Engine Identification
      • Adjustments
        • Valve Arrangement
        • Valve Clearance Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Seal
          • Removal & Installation
        • Timing Belt
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Rocker Arm Shafts
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Rear Crankshaft Oil Seal
          • Removal & Installation
        • Water Pump
          • Removal & Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head Service
        • Valve Springs Service
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals Service
        • Valve Guides Service
        • Valve Seat Service
        • Valves Service
        • Seat Correction Angles
        • Rocker Arm Assembly Service
      • Overhaul
        • Piston & Rod Assembly Service
        • Fitting Pistons Service
        • Piston Rings Service
        • Rod Bearings Service
        • Crankshaft & Main Bearings Service
        • Thrust Bearing Service
        • Cylinder Block Service
      • Lubrication
        • Engine Oiling System
        • Crankcase Capacity
        • Oil Pressure
        • Oil Pump
          • Removal & Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Engine Specifications
        • General Engine Specifications
        • Crankshaft Main & Rod Bearings Specifications
        • Connecting Rods Specifications
        • Pistons, Pins & Rings Specifications
        • Cylinder Block Specifications
        • Valves & Valve Springs Specifications
        • Cylinder Head Specifications
        • Camshaft Specifications
  • Starter - Reduction Gear
    • Description
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Testing (On-Vehicle)
      • Notes
      • Cranking Test
      • Circuit Test
      • Clutch Start Switch (M/T) Test
        • Prizm & Storm
        • Tracker
      • Neutral Safety Switch (A/T) Test
        • Metro
        • Prizm
        • Tracker
      • Neutral Relay Test
        • Storm (3-Speed A/T)
      • Park/Neutral Switch Test
        • Storm (3-Speed A/T)
        • Storm GSi (4-Speed A/T)
      • Starter Relay Test
        • Prizm (M/T)
      • Starter Restart Relay Test
        • Storm
      • Ignition Switch Test
        • Metro
        • Prizm
        • Storm
        • Tracker
    • Bench Testing
      • No-Load Test
      • Solenoid Pull-In Coil Test
      • Solenoid Hold-In Coil Test
    • Removal & Installation
      • Removal
      • Installation
    • Overhaul
      • Disassembly & Reassembly
      • Inspection
        • Brushes & Springs
        • Commutator
        • Armature Coil
        • Field Coil
    • Torque Specifications
  • Timing Belt Replacement - 1.6L (8-Valve)
    • Model Applications
    • Manufacturer's Suggested Scheduled Maintenance
    • Removal & Installation
      • Removal
      • Inspection
      • Installation
    • Torque Specifications
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - Adjustments
    • Identification
    • Engine Compression
    • Valve Clearance
    • Ignition Timing
      • Base Timing
      • Advance Timing
        • Mechanical Advance
        • Vacuum Advance
    • Idle Speed & Mixture
      • Idle Mixture
      • Fast Idle Speed (Engine Cold)
      • Idle Speed
      • Throttle Opener
      • Throttle Switch (TS)
    • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)
  • Application
    • Engine/VIN Id
      • Application
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - General Motors - Imports
      • EGR Function Testing - General Motors - Imports
        • Test 1
          • All Models Except 1988-93 LeMans (Ported EGR Valve)
        • Test 2
          • 1988-93 LeMans (Positive Backpressure EGR Valve)
        • Test 3
          • Metro
          • Prizm
          • Tracker
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Pin Voltages
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Remove/Install/Overhaul
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Adjustments
      • Distributor R & I
        • Removal & Installation
        • Installing Distributor After Engine Has Been Cranked
        • Overhaul
      • Pick-Up Coil/Crank Angle Sensor R & I
        • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
      • Fuel Pump R & I
        • Removal & Installation
      • Injector (TBI) R & I
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Oxygen Sensor (O2) R & I
        • Removal & Installation
      • Throttle Body R & I
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Overhaul
        • Installation
      • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) R & I
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
  • Engine Controls - Specifications
    • Introduction
    • Capacities
    • Quick-Service
      • Service Intervals & Specifications
    • Mechanical Checks
      • Engine Compression
      • Valve Clearance
      • Valve Arrangement
    • Ignition System
      • Ignition Coil
      • Distributor Sensors
      • High Tension Wire Resistance
      • Spark Plugs
      • Ignition Timing
      • Distributor Specifications
    • Fuel System
      • Fuel Pump
      • Injector Resistance
      • Idle Speed
      • Throttle Opener
      • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)
  • System
    • EGR Function Testing
      • EGR Function Testing
        • All Models Except 1989-93 Lemans (Ported EGR Valve)
        • 1988-93 Lemans (Positive BACKPRESSURE EGR Valve)
    • Engine Controls - Basic Testing
      • Model Identification
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Pressure
        • Fuel Pressure Release
          • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel Pump Circuit
          • Fuel Pump Circuit Test
        • Fuel Pressure Testing
          • Fuel Pressure Test
      • Ignition Checks
        • Engine Controls - Basic Testing
          • Available Spark
          • Ignition Coil Power Source
          • Ignition Coil Resistance
          • Crank Angle Sensor
          • Pick-Up Coil
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Electronic Control Module (ECM)
          • Ground Circuit Checks
          • Power Circuit Checks
          • ECM Circuit Resistance
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
          • Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • EGR Temperature Sensor (Calif. Only)
          • Gear Position Switch (5th Gear M/T)
          • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
          • Manifold Air Temperature (MAT) Sensor
          • Oxygen Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Park/Neutral Switch
      • Relays
        • Control Relay
      • Solenoids
        • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor ECM Code 24
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
          • Oxygen Sensor
      • Idle Control System
        • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
          • Air Valve
          • Idle Speed Control Solenoid Function Test
          • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
          • Throttle Opener Vacuum Switching Valve (VSV)
      • Ignition System
      • Timing Control Systems
        • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
          • Mechanical Advance
          • Vacuum Advance
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
          • EGR System Check
          • EGR Vacuum Supply
          • EGR Modulator
          • EGR Vacuum Switching Valve (VSV)
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Charcoal Canister Check Valve (Metro)
          • Fuel Evaporation Canister
          • 2-Way Valve Check
        • PCV
          • PCV Valve
        • Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) Heater
          • System Check (A/T)
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Notes
        • Transmission Controls
          • Lock-Up Solenoid Relay (A/T)
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/Codes
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Check Engine Light
          • Notes
          • Tracker (Except California Models)
          • Hard Failures
          • Intermittent Failures
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Clearing Codes
        • ECM Locations
      • Diagnostic Flow Charts
        • Diagnostic Circuit Check
        • Chart A-1, No Check Engine Light
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-2, Won't Flash Code 12 Check Engine Light On Steadily
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-3, Engine Cranks But Will Not Run
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-5 - Fuel Injector & Circuit Check
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-7A, Fuel System Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-7B, Fuel System Diagnosis - Pressure Check
        • Chart A-8, Control Relay Circuit Check
        • Chart C-1, ECM Circuit Resistance Check
      • Diagnostic Code Charts
        • Code 13, Oxygen Sensor Circuit Open Circuit
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 14, Coolant Temperature Sensor (Cts) Circuit Low Temperature Indicated
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 15, Coolant Temperature Sensor (Cts) Circuit High Temperature Indicated
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 21, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Circuit Signal Voltage High
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 22, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Circuit Signal Voltage Low
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 23, Manifold Air Temperature (Mat) Sensor Circuit Low Temperature Indicated
        • Code 25, Manifold Air Temperature (Mat) Sensor Circuit High Temperature Indicated
        • Code 31, Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Circuit Signal Voltage High - Low Vacuum
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 32, Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Circuit Signal Voltage Low - High Vacuum
        • Code 41, Ignition Signal Circuit No Signal
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 42, 5TH Gear Switch Circuit Grounded Circuit M/T Only)
        • Code 42, Torque Converter Clutch Lock-Up Signal Circuit Signal Voltage Remains On At All Times (A/T Only)
        • Code 44, Idle Switch Circuit Open Or MISADJUSTED
        • Code 45, Idle Switch Circuit Circuit Grounded Or MISADJUSTED
        • Code 51, EGR System & Exhaust Gas Recirculated Temperature EGRTS) Temperature Too Low Or Too High (CALIF. Only)
        • Code 53, Ground Circuit Open (CALIF. Only)
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/O Codes
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Will Not Start (Cranks Okay)
          • Spark
          • No Spark
        • Hard Starting (Cranks Okay)
        • Engine Surges
        • Rough, Unstable Or Incorrect Idle
        • Excessive Fast Idle
        • Engine Stalls
        • Lack Of Power, Sluggish Or Spongy
        • Hesitation, Sag Or Stumble
        • Engine Backfires
        • Poor Fuel Economy
        • Detonation/Spark Knock
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
        • Test Procedures
          • Intermittent Simulation
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • EGR Function Testing
      • EGR Function Testing
        • All Models Except 1989-93 Lemans (Ported EGR Valve)
        • 1988-93 Lemans (Positive BACKPRESSURE EGR Valve)
    • Engine Controls - Basic Testing
      • Model Identification
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Pressure
        • Fuel Pressure Release
          • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel Pump Circuit
          • Fuel Pump Circuit Test
        • Fuel Pressure Testing
          • Fuel Pressure Test
      • Ignition Checks
        • Engine Controls - Basic Testing
          • Available Spark
          • Ignition Coil Power Source
          • Ignition Coil Resistance
          • Crank Angle Sensor
          • Pick-Up Coil
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Electronic Control Module (ECM)
          • Ground Circuit Checks
          • Power Circuit Checks
          • ECM Circuit Resistance
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
          • Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • EGR Temperature Sensor (Calif. Only)
          • Gear Position Switch (5th Gear M/T)
          • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
          • Manifold Air Temperature (MAT) Sensor
          • Oxygen Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Park/Neutral Switch
      • Relays
        • Control Relay
      • Solenoids
        • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor ECM Code 24
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
          • Oxygen Sensor
      • Idle Control System
        • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
          • Air Valve
          • Idle Speed Control Solenoid Function Test
          • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
          • Throttle Opener Vacuum Switching Valve (VSV)
      • Ignition System
      • Timing Control Systems
        • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests
          • Mechanical Advance
          • Vacuum Advance
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
          • EGR System Check
          • EGR Vacuum Supply
          • EGR Modulator
          • EGR Vacuum Switching Valve (VSV)
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Charcoal Canister Check Valve (Metro)
          • Fuel Evaporation Canister
          • 2-Way Valve Check
        • PCV
          • PCV Valve
        • Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) Heater
          • System Check (A/T)
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Notes
        • Transmission Controls
          • Lock-Up Solenoid Relay (A/T)
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/Codes
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Check Engine Light
          • Notes
          • Tracker (Except California Models)
          • Hard Failures
          • Intermittent Failures
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Clearing Codes
        • ECM Locations
      • Diagnostic Flow Charts
        • Diagnostic Circuit Check
        • Chart A-1, No Check Engine Light
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-2, Won't Flash Code 12 Check Engine Light On Steadily
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-3, Engine Cranks But Will Not Run
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-5 - Fuel Injector & Circuit Check
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-7A, Fuel System Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Chart A-7B, Fuel System Diagnosis - Pressure Check
        • Chart A-8, Control Relay Circuit Check
        • Chart C-1, ECM Circuit Resistance Check
      • Diagnostic Code Charts
        • Code 13, Oxygen Sensor Circuit Open Circuit
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 14, Coolant Temperature Sensor (Cts) Circuit Low Temperature Indicated
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 15, Coolant Temperature Sensor (Cts) Circuit High Temperature Indicated
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 21, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Circuit Signal Voltage High
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 22, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Circuit Signal Voltage Low
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 23, Manifold Air Temperature (Mat) Sensor Circuit Low Temperature Indicated
        • Code 25, Manifold Air Temperature (Mat) Sensor Circuit High Temperature Indicated
        • Code 31, Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Circuit Signal Voltage High - Low Vacuum
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 32, Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Circuit Signal Voltage Low - High Vacuum
        • Code 41, Ignition Signal Circuit No Signal
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Code 42, 5TH Gear Switch Circuit Grounded Circuit M/T Only)
        • Code 42, Torque Converter Clutch Lock-Up Signal Circuit Signal Voltage Remains On At All Times (A/T Only)
        • Code 44, Idle Switch Circuit Open Or MISADJUSTED
        • Code 45, Idle Switch Circuit Circuit Grounded Or MISADJUSTED
        • Code 51, EGR System & Exhaust Gas Recirculated Temperature EGRTS) Temperature Too Low Or Too High (CALIF. Only)
        • Code 53, Ground Circuit Open (CALIF. Only)
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/O Codes
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Will Not Start (Cranks Okay)
          • Spark
          • No Spark
        • Hard Starting (Cranks Okay)
        • Engine Surges
        • Rough, Unstable Or Incorrect Idle
        • Excessive Fast Idle
        • Engine Stalls
        • Lack Of Power, Sluggish Or Spongy
        • Hesitation, Sag Or Stumble
        • Engine Backfires
        • Poor Fuel Economy
        • Detonation/Spark Knock
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
        • Test Procedures
          • Intermittent Simulation
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Electronic Control Module (ECM)
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • A/C Signal
          • Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • EGR Temperature Sensor (Calif. Only)
          • Electrical Load
          • Engine Start Signal
          • Gear Position (5th Gear Switch M/T)
          • Lock-Up Solenoid Relay (A/T)
          • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
          • Manifold Air Temperature (MAT) Sensor
          • Oxygen (O2) Sensor
          • Park/Neutral Switch On A/T Models
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Transmission Converter Clutch
        • Output Signals
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Control Relay
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump
        • Fuel Control
          • Electrical Load
          • Fuel-Cut System
          • Fuel Injector
        • Idle Speed
          • Air Valve
          • Idle Speed Control (ISC) Solenoid
          • Throttle Opener Control System
      • Ignition System
        • Electronic Ignition System
        • Ignition Timing Control System
          • Ignition Timing Advance Control
      • Emission Systems
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR)
          • Notes
          • EGR Temperature Sensor (California Only)
        • Evaporative Fuel Emissions System
          • Notes
          • Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Check Engine Light
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Transmission Control
          • A/T Lock-Up Relay (A/T)
  • Vacuum Diagrams
    • Introduction
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagram
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Computer Relearn Procedures
      • Notes
      • Generic Computer Relearn Procedures
        • Notes
        • Automatic Transmission
        • Manual Transmission
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • Transmission Application - A/T
      • Transmission
        • 1989
        • 1990
        • 1991
        • 1992
        • 1993
        • 1994
        • 1995
        • 1996
        • 1997
      • Oil Pan Gasket
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Notes
        • Reset Procedure
        • Alternate Method (Some Models)
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Notes
        • Reset Procedure
        • Alternate Method (Some Models)
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Reset Procedure
        • Alternate Method
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Vehicles WITHOUT Driver Information Center (DIC) Buttons
        • Vehicles WITH Driver Information Center (DIC) Buttons
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Reset Procedure
        • Alternate Method (Some Models)
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Notes
        • Vehicles with DIC (& Steering Wheel Controls)
        • Vehicles with DIC (& Turn Signal Lever Controls)
        • Vehicles without DIC (Some Models)
        • Reset Using Diagnostic Scan Tool (Some Models)
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • With Base Audio System
        • With Navigation System
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • With Base Audio System
        • Without DIC
        • With Navigation System
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 29
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 30
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 31
        • With Information Center Display
        • With Visual Information Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 32
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 33
        • Notes
        • Reset Procedure
        • Alternate Method (Some Models)
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 34
        • Vehicles with Driver Information Center (DIC)
        • Alternate Method
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 35
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 36
        • Notes
        • Reset Procedure
        • Alternate Method
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 37
    • Emissions Maintenance Reminder (Reminder Flag)
      • Notes
      • Emissions Maintenance Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Emissions Maintenance Reminder (Warning Light)
      • Notes
      • Emissions Maintenance Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Emissions Maintenance Reminder (Check Engine Light)
      • Notes
      • Emissions Maintenance Reminder Reset Procedure
        • Federal Emissions
        • California Emissions
    • Diesel Fuel Filter Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Fuel Filter Replacement Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
    • Timing Belt Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Timing Belt Replacement Reminder Reset Procedure
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Message Reset
    • Transmission Fluid Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Transmission Fluid Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Transmission Fluid Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Transmission Fluid Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Notes
        • Resetting With Base Audio System
        • Resetting With Navigation System
      • Transmission Fluid Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Notes
        • Using Exterior Lamp Switch
        • Using RDS Radio, If Equipped
        • Using Scan Tool
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Notes
        • Using DIC Reset Button
        • Using Scan Tool
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Notes
        • Using DIC Reset Button
        • Using Scan Tool
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Using Reset Button (1999-05 Models)
        • Using Scan Tool (2003-05 Models)
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 29
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 30
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 31
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 32
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 33
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 34
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 35
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 36
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Learn with EL-52545 (Preferred)
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Learn with EL-50448 (Alternative)
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 37
  • RPO Codes
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 001-19F)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 001-19F)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 19H-2EL)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 19H-2EL)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 2F1-44I)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 2F1-44I)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 44L-5J9)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 44L-5J9)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 5K0-6FF)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 5K0-6FF)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 6FG-76A)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 6FG-76A)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 76D-7XD)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 76D-7XD)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 7XF-8M0)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 7XF-8M0)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 8M1-9C0)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 8M1-9C0)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes 9C1-A0F)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes 9C1-A0F)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes A0G-Ar4)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes A0G-Ar4)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes Ar5-BCP)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes Ar5-BCP)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes BCQ-C12)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes BCQ-C12)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes C13-Cur)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes C13-Cur)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes Cut-Dir)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes Cut-Dir)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes Dr7-EHE)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes Dr7-EHE)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes EHF-F5P)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes EHF-F5P)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes F5Q-G1V)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes F5Q-G1V)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes G1W-HFN)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes G1W-HFN)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes HFO-JRG)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes HFO-JRG)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes JRH-KLY)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes JRH-KLY)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes KLZ-LQX)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes KLZ-LQX)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes LQY-MW9)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes LQY-MW9)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes MWE-ODK)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes MWE-ODK)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes ODL-Ora)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes ODL-Ora)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes Orb-PDE)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes Orb-PDE)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes PDF-QH6)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes PDF-QH6)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes QH7-R8D)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes QH7-R8D)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes R8E-T07)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes R8E-T07)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes T08-TJ0)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes T08-TJ0)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes TJ1-U10)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes TJ1-U10)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes U11-Us9)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes U11-Us9)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes USB-VG9)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes USB-VG9)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes VGA-W5Y)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes VGA-W5Y)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes W5Z-XE3)
      • RPO Code Definitions (Codes W5Z-XE3)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes XE4-Y9Z)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes XE4-Y9Z)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes Ya2-ZD9)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes Ya2-ZD9)
    • RPO Code Description (Codes ZDE-ZZZ)
      • RPO Code Description (Codes ZDE-ZZZ)
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • A/C Compressor Oil Checking
      • Isolating Compressor
      • Refrigerant Oil
      • Servicing Precautions
      • Discharging System Precautions
      • Disconnecting Lines & Fittings Test
      • Connecting Lines And Fittings
      • Placing System In Operation
      • ATSUGI Rotary Vane Drain & Refill
      • BOSCH 6-CYL Drain & Refill
      • CALSONIC V5 5-Cylinder
      • Diesel KIKI Rotary Vane Drain & Refill
      • Diesel KIKI 6-CYL Drain & Refill
      • HARRISON 4-CYL Drain & Refill
        • Notes
        • No Oil Leak; Replacing Components
        • Loss Of Refrigerant Over Extended Period
        • Signs Of Excessive Oil Leakage
      • HARRISON V5 5-Cylinder Drain & Refill
      • HITACHI 5-CYL Drain & Refill
      • HITACHI 6-CYL Drain & Refill
      • MATSUSHITA Rotary Vane Drain & Refill
      • NIPPONDENSO Rotary Vane Drain & Refill
      • NIPPONDENSO 6 & 10-CYL Drain & Refill
        • Notes
        • No Oil Leak
        • Oil Leak
        • Compressor Failure Or System Contaminated
      • PANASONIC Rotary Vane Drain & Refill
      • SANDEN Scroll Drain & Refill
      • SANDEN 5-CYL Drain & Refill
      • SANDEN 7-CYL Drain & Refill
    • A/C Compressor Servicing
      • Isolating Compressor
      • Refrigerant Oil
      • Discharging System Precautions
      • Disconnecting Lines & Fittings Test
      • Connecting Lines And Fittings
      • Placing System In Operation
      • ATSUGI Rotary Vane Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • BOSCH 6-CYL Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • BOSCH 6-CYL Shaft Seal R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal & Installation
      • CALSONIC V5 Clutch R & I
      • Diesel KIKI Rotary Vane Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Diesel KIKI 6-CYL Clutch Coil R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diesel KIKI 6-CYL Shaft Seal R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal & Installation
      • HARRISON R4 4-CYL Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • HARRISON R4 4-CYL Shaft Seal R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • HARRISON V5 5-Cylinder Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • HARRISON V5 5-Cylinder Shaft Seal R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • HITACHI 5 & 6-CYL Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
      • HITACHI 5 & 6-CYL Shaft Seal R & I
        • Notes
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
      • MATSUSHITA Rotary Vane Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal & Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO TV12 Rotary Vane Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 6 & 10-CYL Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 6 & 10-CYL Shaft Seal R & I
        • Notes
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • PANASONIC Rotary Vane Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
      • PANASONIC Rotary Vane Shaft Seal R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal & Installation
      • SANDEN Scroll Clutch & Shaft Seal R & I
        • Notes
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN 5-CYL Clutch R & I
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
      • SANDEN 5-CYL Shaft Seal R & I
        • Notes
        • A/C Compressor Servicing
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • A/C System Precautions
      • Before Opening The System
      • Discharging A/C System
      • Disconnecting Lines & Fittings
      • Component Replacement
      • Using R-12 Refrigerant - Safety Precautions
      • Using Individual R-12 Cans
      • Multi-Can Dispensing Valves
      • Can Tap Installation Flat Type Seal Cans
      • Screw Type Seal Cans
      • Connecting Lines & Fittings
      • Placing System In Operation
      • Compressor Removal Information - Isolation Method
        • Notes
        • Isolating
      • Compressor Removal Information - Discharge Method
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • A/C-Heater System - Manual
      • A/C System Specifications
      • Description
        • Notes
        • Coolant Fan
        • Compressor
        • Condenser
        • Coolant Temperature Switch
        • Expansion Valve
        • Evaporator
        • Magnetic Clutch
        • Pressure Switch
        • Receiver-Drier
        • Thermistor
        • Vacuum Switching Valve (VSV)
      • Operation
        • Air Conditioning Switch
        • Air Selector Lever
        • Air Source Select Lever
        • Temperature Control Lever
      • Trouble Shooting
        • A/C Switch Indicator Flashes
        • Intermittent Cool Air Discharge
        • Cool Air Discharge At High Speeds Only
        • Insufficient Cooling
        • Insufficient Cooled Air Velocity
        • Magnetic Clutch Does Not Engage
        • No Cooling Or Warm Air
      • Testing
        • A/C Switch
        • A/C Clutch Relay
        • Condenser Fan
        • Condenser Fan Relay
        • Coolant Temperature Switch
        • Expansion Valve
        • Pressure Switch
        • Vacuum Switching Valve (VSV)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Compressor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Condenser
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core & Expansion Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Receiver-Drier
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Heater System
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Airflow Control Lever Positions
          • Face
          • Bi-Level
          • Defrost
          • Floor
          • Floor/Defrost
        • Fresh/RECIRCULATION Control Lever
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Lever
        • Temperature Control Lever
      • Adjustments
        • Heater Control Cables
        • Heater Control Levers
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Blower Motor Inoperative
        • Blower Motor Runs At One Speed Only
      • Testing
        • Notes
        • Blower Resistor Test
          • Notes
          • Metro
        • Blower Motor Switch Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Heater Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation (Metro & Tracker)
          • Removal & Installation (Prizm)
        • Blower Resistor
          • Removal & Installation (Metro & Tracker)
          • Removal & Installation (Prizm)
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Wiring Diagrams (1990 Models)
        • Wiring Diagrams (1991 Models)
• Maintenance
  • Procedures
    • Interference Verification Check For OHC Engine
      • Timing Belt Interference Verification Information
        • Timing Belt Interference Caution
        • Timing Belt Interference Check Menu
    • Maintenance Information
      • Model Identification
        • VIN Location
        • VIN Code Id Explanation
      • Maintenance Service Information
        • Severe & Normal Service Definitions
          • Notes
          • Severe Service
          • Normal Service
        • Camshaft Timing Belt
      • Service Point Locations
      • Service Labor Times
      • Wheel & Tire Specifications
        • Tire Inflation
        • Wheel Size
        • Wheel Tightening
      • Battery Specifications
      • Cautions & Warnings
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Air Bag System
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs)
        • Battery Warning
        • Replacing Blown Fuses
        • Brake Pad Wear Indicator
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Coolant (Propylene-Glycol Formulations)
        • Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESD) Parts
        • Engine Oil
        • Fuel System Service
        • Halogen Bulbs
        • Radiator Cap
        • Radiator Fan
        • Spark Plugs
      • Warranty Information
        • Notes
        • Bumper-To-Bumper Plus Coverage Limited Warranty
        • Towing Coverage
        • Battery Coverage
        • Corrosion Coverage
        • Emissions "Defect" & "Performance" Warranties (Except CALIFORNIA)
        • Emission "Performance" Warranty (CALIFORNIA)
        • Emission "Defect" Warranty (CALIFORNIA)
      • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
        • Notes
        • Fuse & Circuit Breaker Id (1989-90)
          • Notes
          • Fuse & Circuit Breaker Identification
        • UNDERHOOD Fusible Link Box Id (1989-90)
          • Notes
          • Fusible Link Identification
        • Instrument Panel Fuse Identification (1991-96)
          • Notes
          • Fuse & Circuit Breaker Identification
        • UNDERHOOD Fusible Link Box Id (1991-93)
          • Notes
          • Fusible Link Identification
        • Main Fuse Block INDENTIFICATION (1994-95)
          • Notes
          • Fuse & Circuit Breaker Identification
        • Main Fuse Block INDENTIFICATION (1996)
          • Notes
          • Fuse & Circuit Breaker Identification
    • Service Indicator & Warning Lights
      • Service Indicator & Warning Lights
        • Notes
        • Check Engine Warning Light
        • Charging System Warning Light
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
        • Brake System Warning Light
        • Oil Pressure Warning Light
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Steering System - Manual
      • Description & Operation
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Type
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Pinion Shaft Operating Torque
      • Removal & Installation
        • Idler Arm & Bushing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
      • Wheel Alignment
      • Torque Specifications
    • Steering System - Power
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Hydraulic System Pressure Test
      • Lubrication
        • Capacity
        • Fluid Type
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Power Steering Pump Belt
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Power Steering Gear
      • Torque Specifications
  • Power Steering
    • Steering System - Manual
      • Description & Operation
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Type
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Pinion Shaft Operating Torque
      • Removal & Installation
        • Idler Arm & Bushing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
      • Wheel Alignment
      • Torque Specifications
    • Steering System - Power
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Hydraulic System Pressure Test
      • Lubrication
        • Capacity
        • Fluid Type
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Power Steering Pump Belt
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Power Steering Gear
      • Torque Specifications
  • Steering Column
    • Description & Operation
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Wheel & Horn Pad
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Combination Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Overhaul
    • Torque Specifications
• Suspension
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Jacking & Hoisting
      • Jacking & Hoisting
        • Notes
        • Floor Jack
          • Metro
          • Prizm, Prizm GSi, Storm & Storm GSi
          • Tracker
        • Hoist
    • Pre-Alignment Checks
      • Pre-Alignment Checks
    • Riding Height Adjustment
      • Riding Height Adjustment
    • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Procedures
      • Camber Adjustment
        • PRIZM & PRIZM GSI
        • Metro, Storm, Storm GSI & Tracker
      • Caster Adjustment
      • Front Toe-In Adjustment
        • Metro
        • Prism, Prism GSI, Storm, Storm GSI & Tracker
      • Rear Toe-In Adjustment
        • Metro
        • PRIZM & PRIZM GSI
      • Rear Toe-In Adjust (Storm)
        • Storm & Storm GSI
      • Wheel Alignment Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
        • Torque Specifications (Metro)
        • Torque Specifications (PRIZM & PRIZM GSI)
        • Torque Specifications (Storm & Storm GSI)
        • Torque Specifications (Tracker)
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Overhaul - 180C/3L30
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Lubrication & Adjustments
      • Service (In Vehicle)
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Testing
        • Road Test
          • Drive Range ("D")
          • Intermediate Range ("L2")
          • Low Range ("L1")
          • 2nd Gear ("L2") Overrun Braking
          • 1st Gear ("L1") Overrun Braking
        • Control Pressure Test
          • Notes
          • Stationary Test (Modulator Disconnected)
          • Coasting Check (Modulator Connected)
        • Control Pressure Test Results
          • Control Pressure Too Low
          • Control Pressure Too High
      • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Converter
        • Notes
        • Leakage Check
      • Transmission Disassembly
        • Torque Converter & Converter Housing Oil Seal
        • Input Shaft End Play
        • Oil Pan, Valve Body & Servo Piston
        • Modulator Assembly
        • Selector Lever, Shaft & Detent Valve Assembly
        • Extension Housing & Speedometer Driven Gear
        • Speedometer Drive Gear, Governor Body & Hub
        • Converter Housing, Oil Pump, Reverse Clutch & 2ND Clutch
        • 3RD Clutch, Planetary Carrier, Reaction Sun Gear & Low Band
      • Component Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Converter Housing, Oil Pump & Reverse Clutch
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Oil Pump Hub Bushing Replacement
          • Reassembly
        • 2ND Clutch Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • 3RD Clutch Assembly, Sprag & Input Sun Gear
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Reaction Sun Gear & Drum
          • Inspection
        • Planetary Carrier
          • Inspection
        • Governor Body
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Governor Hub
          • Inspection
        • Extension Housing
          • Inspection
        • Servo Piston
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection & Reassembly
        • Valve Body Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Transmission Case
          • Inspection
      • Transmission Reassembly
        • Selector Lever & Shaft
        • Low Band & Reaction Sun Gear & Drum
        • Output Shaft & Planetary Carrier
        • 2ND & 3RD Clutch Assemblies
        • Reverse Clutch Plates
        • Selecting Transmission End Play Selective Thrust Washer
        • Converter Housing, Oil Pump & Reverse Clutch Assembly
        • Governor Assembly & Speedometer Drive Gear
        • Extension Housing & Speedometer Driven Gear
        • Detent Valve, Modulator Valve & Modulator Assembly
        • Servo Assembly
        • Valve Body Assembly
        • External Parts
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Removal & Installation - A/T
      • Manual
      • Automatic R & I
        • Prizm (Except GSi)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Prizm GSi
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tracker
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications Table
    • Servicing - A/T
      • Identification
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
          • Prizm & Prizm GSI
          • Tracker
        • Checking Fluid Level
          • Notes
          • Transaxle & Transmission
          • Differential (Prizm)
          • Transfer Case (Tracker)
        • Recommended Fluid
          • Transaxle & Transmission
          • Differential (Prizm)
          • Transfer Case (Tracker)
        • Fluid Capacity Table
        • Draining & Refilling
          • Notes
          • Prizm (Transaxle)
          • Prizm (Differential)
          • Prizm GSI
          • Tracker (Transmission)
          • Tracker (Transfer Case)
      • Adjustments
        • BACKDRIVE Cable (Park Lock Cable)
          • Notes
          • Prizm
          • Tracker
        • BACKDRIVE Solenoid
          • Tracker
        • KICKDOWN Cable
          • Tracker
        • Throttle Valve Cable
          • Prizm & Prizm GSI (Cable Adjustment)
          • Prizm & Prizm GSI (Cable Replacement)
        • Gearshift Cable
          • Prizm
          • Prizm GSI
          • Tracker
        • Neutral Safety Switch Adjust
          • Prizm
          • Prizm GSI
          • Tracker
      • Torque Specifications
  • Clutches
    • Description
    • Clutch Pedal Free Play Adjust
      • Notes
      • Clutches
        • Metro & Tracker
        • Prizm
        • Storm
    • Clutch Pedal Height Adjust
      • Notes
      • Clutches
        • Metro
        • Prizm
        • Storm
        • Tracker
    • Clutch Start Switch Adjust
      • Clutches
        • Metro & Tracker
        • Prizm & Storm
    • Clutch Assembly R & I (Metro)
      • Clutches
        • Removal (Metro)
        • Inspection
        • Installation
    • Clutch Assembly R & I (PRIZM)
      • Clutches
        • Removal (Prizm)
        • Inspection
        • Installation
    • Clutch Assembly R & I (Storm)
      • Clutches
        • Removal (Storm)
        • Inspection
        • Installation
    • Clutch Assembly R & I (Tracker)
      • Clutches
        • Removal (Tracker)
        • Inspection
        • Installation
    • Release Bearing R & I (Except Tracker)
      • Clutches
        • Removal & Installation (Metro, Prizm & Storm)
    • Release Bearing R & I (Tracker)
      • Clutches
        • Removal & Installation (Tracker)
    • Pilot Bearing R & I
      • Clutches
        • Removal & Installation
    • Clutch Start Switch R & I
      • Clutches
        • Removal & Installation
    • Clutch Cable R & I (Metro, Storm)
      • Clutches
        • Removal (Metro & Storm)
        • Installation (Metro & Storm)
    • Clutch Cable R & I (Tracker)
      • Clutches
        • Removal & Installation (Tracker)
    • Clutch Master Cylinder R & I (PRIZM)
      • Clutches
        • Removal & Installation (Prizm)
    • Clutch Master Cylinder Overhaul (PRIZM)
      • Clutches
        • Disassembly (Prizm)
        • Reassembly
    • Clutch Slave Cylinder Overhaul (PRIZM)
      • Clutches
        • Disassembly & Reassembly (Prizm)
    • Torque Specifications
      • Torque Specifications (Metro)
      • Torque Specifications (PRIZM)
      • Torque Specifications (Storm)
      • Torque Specifications (Tracker)
  • Automatic Transmission Hydraulic Diagrams - 3L30
    • Automatic Transmission Hydraulic Diagrams - 3L30
  • Manual Trans
    • Overhaul - 5 Speed
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Lubrication & Adjustments
      • On-Vehicle Service
        • Speedometer Driven Gear
          • Removal
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
          • Installation
      • Troubleshooting
      • Removal & Installation
      • Transmission Disassembly
      • Component Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Lower Case Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Input Shaft
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • MAINSHAFT
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Upper Case & Shifter Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Gear Shift Lever Case
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Transmission Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
    • Servicing - M/T
      • Identification
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
          • Metro
          • Prizm & Prizm GSi
          • Storm & Storm GSi
          • Tracker (Transmission & Transfer Case)
        • Checking Fluid Level
          • Metro, Prizm & Prizm GSi
          • Storm & Storm GSi
          • Tracker (Transmission & Transfer Case)
        • Recommended Fluid
          • Metro
          • Metro, Storm & Storm GSi
          • Prizm & Prizm GSi
          • Tracker (Transmission & Transfer Case)
        • Fluid Capacity Table
      • Adjustments
        • Gearshift Cable
          • Metro, Storm & Storm GSi
          • Prizm & Prizm GSi
  • Transfer Case
    • Overhaul
      • Application
      • Removal & Installation
        • Transfer Case
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Transfer Case
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
• External Pages