Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)
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Common Specs & Procedures
DTC Index
Electrical Component Locations
Fluids
Technical Bulletins
Wiring Diagrams- System Wiring Diagrams
- Air Conditioning
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Anti-Theft
- Body Computer
- Computer Data Lines
- Cooling Fan
- Cruise Control
- Defoggers
- Engine Performance
- Exterior Lights
- Ground Distribution
- Headlights
- Horn
- Instrument Cluster
- Interior Lights
- Power Distribution
- Power Door Locks
- Power Mirrors
- Power Top/Sunroof
- Power Windows
- Radio
- Shift Interlocks
- Starting/Charging
- Supplemental Restraints
- Transmission
- Warning Systems
- Wiper/Washer
- Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
- System Wiring Diagrams
- Accessories & Equipment
- Anti-Theft Systems
- Body Interior
- Communication Devices
- Cruise Control Systems
- Exterior Lights
- Gauges & Instrument Panels
- Description & Operation
- Symptom Tests
- Speedometer & Odometer Do Not Function
- Speedometer Inoperative (Odometer Operative)
- Odometer Inoperative (Speedometer Operative)
- Speedometer Needle Fluctuates
- Speedometer Needle Jumps Erratically
- Fuel Gauge Inoperative
- When Fuel Tank Is Full, Gauge Pointer Does Not Reach "F" Mark
- When Fuel Tank Is Empty, Gauge Pointer Stays At "F" Mark
- Brake Indicator Light Inoperative When Parking Brake Lever Is Pulled
- Indicator Light Stays On When Parking Brake Lever Is Released
- Oil Pressure Warning Light Remains On While Engine Is Running
- Component Tests
- Removal & Installation
- Wiring Diagrams
- Headlights - Wiring Diagrams
- Heated Glass/Defoggers
- Interior/Illumination Lights
- Power Mirrors
- Steering Column Switches
- Warning Systems - Wiring Diagrams
- Window Motors & Regulators
- Wiper/Washer Systems
- Wiring System (Data Link Connectors, Pwr Dist., Grnd Dist.)
- Body & Frame
- Body, Cab Control Systems
- Door Locks
- Power Mirrors
- Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
- Power Sun Roof - Wiring Diagrams
- Power Sun Roofs
- Power Windows
- Brakes
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Description
- Operation
- Bleeding Brake System
- Trouble Shooting
- Diagnosis & Testing
- Symptom Tests
- Notes
- Test A-1: Abs Works Frequently But Vehicle Does Not Decelerate
- Test Ta-1: Abs Works Frequently But Vehicle Does Not Decelerate
- Test A-2: Uneven Braking Occurs While Abs Is Operating
- Test Ta-2: Uneven Braking Occurs While Abs Is Operating
- Test A-3/Ta-3: Wheels Lock During Braking
- Test A-4: Brake Pedal Feel Is Abnormal
- Test A-5/Ta-5: Braking Sound From Hydraulic Unit (Brakes Released)
- Test B-1: Abs Warning Light Does Not Illuminate (Key On/Engine Off)
- Diagnostic Tests
- Notes
- DTC 13: 2WD Controller In 4WD Vehicle; DTC 24: Open Or Shorted 4X4 Input Signal
- DTC 14: CPU Error
- DTC 15: Low Or High Ignition Voltage
- DTC 17: Excessive Dump Time
- DTC 18: Excessive Isolation Time
- DTC 21: "G" Sensor Output Failure
- DTC 22: Brake Switch Failure
- DTC 32: Pump Motor Failure
- DTC 35: EHCU Valve Relay Failure
- DTCS 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Or 46: ISOLATION/DUMP SOLENOID VALVE FAILURE
- DTC 51: Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Open Or Shorted
- DTC 52: Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Open Or Shorted
- DTC 53: Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Open Or Shorted
- DTC 61: Left Front Missing Sensor Signal
- DTC 62: Right Front Missing Sensor Signal
- DTC 63: Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Missing
- DTC 64: Simultaneous Drop-Out Of Front Speed Sensor Signals
- DTC 65: Abnormal Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Input
- Component Tests
- Removal & Installation
- Torque Specifications
- Wiring Diagrams
- Mechanical - Hydraulic
- Disc & Drum
- Description & Operation
- Bleeding Brake System
- Adjustments
- Testing
- Removal & Installation
- Overhaul
- Torque Specifications
- Disc Brake Specifications
- Drum Brake Specifications
- Disc & Drum
- Traction Control
- Anti-Lock
- Description
- Operation
- Bleeding Brake System
- Trouble Shooting
- Diagnosis & Testing
- Symptom Tests
- Notes
- Test A-1: Abs Works Frequently But Vehicle Does Not Decelerate
- Test Ta-1: Abs Works Frequently But Vehicle Does Not Decelerate
- Test A-2: Uneven Braking Occurs While Abs Is Operating
- Test Ta-2: Uneven Braking Occurs While Abs Is Operating
- Test A-3/Ta-3: Wheels Lock During Braking
- Test A-4: Brake Pedal Feel Is Abnormal
- Test A-5/Ta-5: Braking Sound From Hydraulic Unit (Brakes Released)
- Test B-1: Abs Warning Light Does Not Illuminate (Key On/Engine Off)
- Diagnostic Tests
- Notes
- DTC 13: 2WD Controller In 4WD Vehicle; DTC 24: Open Or Shorted 4X4 Input Signal
- DTC 14: CPU Error
- DTC 15: Low Or High Ignition Voltage
- DTC 17: Excessive Dump Time
- DTC 18: Excessive Isolation Time
- DTC 21: "G" Sensor Output Failure
- DTC 22: Brake Switch Failure
- DTC 32: Pump Motor Failure
- DTC 35: EHCU Valve Relay Failure
- DTCS 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Or 46: ISOLATION/DUMP SOLENOID VALVE FAILURE
- DTC 51: Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Open Or Shorted
- DTC 52: Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Open Or Shorted
- DTC 53: Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Open Or Shorted
- DTC 61: Left Front Missing Sensor Signal
- DTC 62: Right Front Missing Sensor Signal
- DTC 63: Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Missing
- DTC 64: Simultaneous Drop-Out Of Front Speed Sensor Signals
- DTC 65: Abnormal Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Input
- Component Tests
- Removal & Installation
- Torque Specifications
- Wiring Diagrams
- Anti-Lock
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Drivelines & Axles
- Axle Shafts - Front
- Differentials & Drive Axles
- Driveshaft & Universal Joints
- Drive Shafts & Universal Joints
- Description
- Inspection
- Trouble Shooting
- Removal & Installation
- Disassembly & Reassembly
- General Specifications
- Torque Specifications
- Drive Shafts & Universal Joints
- Locking Hubs
- Electrical
- Charging Systems
- Component Locations
- Fuses & Circuit Breakers
- Gauges
- Instrument Panels
- Description & Operation
- Symptom Tests
- Speedometer & Odometer Do Not Function
- Speedometer Inoperative (Odometer Operative)
- Odometer Inoperative (Speedometer Operative)
- Speedometer Needle Fluctuates
- Speedometer Needle Jumps Erratically
- Fuel Gauge Inoperative
- When Fuel Tank Is Full, Gauge Pointer Does Not Reach "F" Mark
- When Fuel Tank Is Empty, Gauge Pointer Stays At "F" Mark
- Brake Indicator Light Inoperative When Parking Brake Lever Is Pulled
- Indicator Light Stays On When Parking Brake Lever Is Released
- Oil Pressure Warning Light Remains On While Engine Is Running
- Component Tests
- Removal & Installation
- Wiring Diagrams
- Instrument Panels
- Starters - 2.2L
- Wiring Diagrams
- System Wiring Diagrams
- Air Conditioning
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Anti-Theft
- Body Computer
- Computer Data Lines
- Cooling Fan
- Cruise Control
- Defoggers
- Engine Performance
- Exterior Lights
- Ground Distribution
- Headlights
- Horn
- Instrument Cluster
- Interior Lights
- Power Distribution
- Power Door Locks
- Power Mirrors
- Power Top/Sunroof
- Power Windows
- Radio
- Shift Interlocks
- Starting/Charging
- Supplemental Restraints
- Transmission
- Warning Systems
- Wiper/Washer
- Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
- System Wiring Diagrams
- Engine Mechanical
- Accessory Drive Belts
- Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
- Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
- * Please Read This First *
- Emission Control Labels
- Emission Control Visual Inspection
- Notes
- Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
- Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
- Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
- Catalytic Converters
- Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
- Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
- Spark Controls (SPK)
- Air Injection System (AIS)
- Oxygen Sensor (O2)
- Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
- Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
- Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
- Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
- Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
- Electric Cooling Fans - Wiring Diagrams
- Cooling System (Mechanical)
- Mechanical
- 2.2L DOHC 4-Cylinder
- Engine Identification
- Adjustments
- Trouble Shooting
- Removal & Installation
- Overhaul
- Engine Oiling
- Torque Specifications
- Engine Specifications
- 2.2L DOHC 4-Cylinder
- Starters - 2.2L
- Timing Belt Replacement - 2.2L - DOHC
- Engine Performance
- Engine Controls - On-Vehicle Adjustments
- Application
- Emissions
- EGR Function Testing - ISUZU
- Emission Applications - Gas
- Emission Control Abbreviations
- State Emission Standards - Diesel
- State Emission Standards - Gas
- ALASKA
- ARIZONA
- CALIFORNIA
- Colorado
- CONNECTICUT
- DELAWARE
- District Of COLUMBIA
- GEORGIA
- IDAHO
- ILLINOIS
- INDIANA
- KENTUCKY
- MARYLAND
- MASSACHUSETTS
- MISSOURI
- NEVADA
- New Jersey
- New MEXICO
- New YORK
- North CAROLINA
- OHIO
- OREGON
- PENNSYLVANIA
- RHODE Island
- TENNESSEE
- TEXAS
- UTAH
- VIRGINIA
- WASHINGTON
- WISCONSIN
- U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
- U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
- U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
- Mode 6 - 1996-2007 ISUZU
- Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
- Pcm Pin Identification & Voltage (Amigo & Rodeo 2.2L)
- Pcm Pin Identification & Voltage (Amigo & Rodeo 3.2L)
- Pcm Pin Identification & Voltage (Hombre 2.2L)
- Pcm Pin Identification & Voltage (Hombre 4.3L)
- Pcm Pin Identification & Voltage (Trooper 3.5L)
- Pcm Pin Identification & Voltage (VEHICROSS 3.5L)
- Pin Voltage (Value) Tests
- Remove, Overhaul & Install
- Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
- Introduction
- Engine Sensors & Switches
- Fuel System
- Torque Specifications
- Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
- Sensor Range Charts
- Specifications
- System
- Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
- Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics - 2.2L
- Self-Diagnostic System
- Programming
- Diagnostic Tests
- Diagnostic Trouble Code Identification
- Notes
- DTC P0106: Map Sensor System Performance
- DTC P0107: Map Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0108: Map Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0112: IAT Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0113: IAT Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0117: ECT Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0118: ECT Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0121: TP Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
- DTC P0122: TP Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0123: TP Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0125: ECT Insufficient Temperature For Closed Loop Operation
- DTC P0131: Front Ho2S Circuit Low Voltage
- DTC P0132: Front Ho2S Circuit High Voltage
- DTC P0133: Front Ho2S Slow Response
- DTC P0134: Front Ho2S Insufficient Activity
- DTC P0135: Front Ho2S Heater Circuit
- DTC P0137: Rear Ho2S Circuit Low Voltage
- DTC P0138: Rear Ho2S Circuit High Voltage
- DTC P0140: No Rear Ho2S Activity Detected
- DTC P0141: Rear Ho2S Heater Circuit
- DTC P0171: Fuel Trim System Lean
- DTC P0172: Fuel Trim System Rich
- DTC P0201 - P0204: Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinders No. 1-4
- DTC P0300: Engine Misfire Detected
- DTC P0301-P0304: Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected
- DTC P0325: Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit
- DTC P0327: Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
- DTC P0337: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor Circuit Low Frequency
- DTC P0341: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor Circuit
- DTC P0342: Camshaft Position Sensor Circuit Input
- DTC P0351-P0352: Ignition Coil "A" Or "B" Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0401: EGR System Insufficient Flow
- DTC P0402: Excessive EGR Flow Detected
- DTC P0404: EGR Circuit Range/Performance
- DTC P0405: EGR Sensor Circuit Low
- DTC P0406: EGR Sensor Circuit High
- DTC P0420: TWC System Low Efficiency
- DTC P0440: EVAP System Malfunction
- DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
- DTC P0443: EVAP System Purge Control Valve Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0446: EVAP System Vent Control Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0449: EVAP System Vent Valve/Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0461: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Range Performance
- DTC P0462: Fuel Level Sensor Low Input
- DTC P0463: Fuel Level Sensor High Input
- DTC P0480: Cooling Fan 1 Control Malfunction
- DTC P0481: Cooling Fan 2 Control Malfunction
- DTC P0502: Vehicle Speed Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0506: IAC System Rpm Low
- DTC P0507: IAC System Rpm High
- DTC P0532: A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Circuit Low
- DTC P0533: A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Circuit High
- DTC P0562: System Voltage Low
- DTC P0563: System Voltage High
- DTC P0601: Pcm Memory
- DTC P1106: Map Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1107: Map Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1111: IAT Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1112: IAT Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1114: ECT Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1115: ECT Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1121: TP Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1122: TP Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1133: Ho2S Insufficient Switching Sensor 1
- DTC P1134: Ho2S Transition Time Ratio Bank 1, Sensor 1
- DTC P1171: Fuel System Lean During Acceleration
- DTC P1336: CKP System Variation Not Learned
- DTC P1380: Abs DTC Rough Road System Fault
- DTC P1381: Abs Rough Road Class 2 Serial Data Fault
- DTC P1404: EGR Closed Valve
- DTC P1441: EVAP System Flow During Non-Purge
- DTC P1546: A/C Compressor Clutch Output Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P1625: Pcm Unexpected Result
- DTC P1627: Pcm A/D Conversion Malfunction
- DTC P1635: 5 Volt Reference Voltage Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P1640: ODM Output Circuit Fault
- Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics - Introduction
- Engine Controls - System & Component Testing
- Introduction
- Computerized Engine Controls
- Engine Sensors & Switches
- Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
- Oxygen Sensor (O2S)
- Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
- Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
- Knock Sensor (KS)
- Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor
- Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor (Amigo, Rodeo, Trooper & VEHICROSS)
- Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
- Transmission Temperature Sensor
- Transmission Range (Tr) Switch
- Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
- Modules, Motors & Relays
- Fuel System
- Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
- Component Locations
- Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes
- Testing & Diagnosis
- Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
- Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics - 2.2L
- Self-Diagnostic System
- Programming
- Diagnostic Tests
- Diagnostic Trouble Code Identification
- Notes
- DTC P0106: Map Sensor System Performance
- DTC P0107: Map Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0108: Map Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0112: IAT Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0113: IAT Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0117: ECT Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0118: ECT Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0121: TP Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
- DTC P0122: TP Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0123: TP Sensor Circuit High Input
- DTC P0125: ECT Insufficient Temperature For Closed Loop Operation
- DTC P0131: Front Ho2S Circuit Low Voltage
- DTC P0132: Front Ho2S Circuit High Voltage
- DTC P0133: Front Ho2S Slow Response
- DTC P0134: Front Ho2S Insufficient Activity
- DTC P0135: Front Ho2S Heater Circuit
- DTC P0137: Rear Ho2S Circuit Low Voltage
- DTC P0138: Rear Ho2S Circuit High Voltage
- DTC P0140: No Rear Ho2S Activity Detected
- DTC P0141: Rear Ho2S Heater Circuit
- DTC P0171: Fuel Trim System Lean
- DTC P0172: Fuel Trim System Rich
- DTC P0201 - P0204: Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinders No. 1-4
- DTC P0300: Engine Misfire Detected
- DTC P0301-P0304: Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected
- DTC P0325: Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit
- DTC P0327: Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
- DTC P0337: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor Circuit Low Frequency
- DTC P0341: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor Circuit
- DTC P0342: Camshaft Position Sensor Circuit Input
- DTC P0351-P0352: Ignition Coil "A" Or "B" Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0401: EGR System Insufficient Flow
- DTC P0402: Excessive EGR Flow Detected
- DTC P0404: EGR Circuit Range/Performance
- DTC P0405: EGR Sensor Circuit Low
- DTC P0406: EGR Sensor Circuit High
- DTC P0420: TWC System Low Efficiency
- DTC P0440: EVAP System Malfunction
- DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
- DTC P0443: EVAP System Purge Control Valve Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0446: EVAP System Vent Control Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0449: EVAP System Vent Valve/Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P0461: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Range Performance
- DTC P0462: Fuel Level Sensor Low Input
- DTC P0463: Fuel Level Sensor High Input
- DTC P0480: Cooling Fan 1 Control Malfunction
- DTC P0481: Cooling Fan 2 Control Malfunction
- DTC P0502: Vehicle Speed Sensor Circuit Low Input
- DTC P0506: IAC System Rpm Low
- DTC P0507: IAC System Rpm High
- DTC P0532: A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Circuit Low
- DTC P0533: A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Circuit High
- DTC P0562: System Voltage Low
- DTC P0563: System Voltage High
- DTC P0601: Pcm Memory
- DTC P1106: Map Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1107: Map Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1111: IAT Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1112: IAT Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1114: ECT Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1115: ECT Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1121: TP Sensor Circuit Intermittent High Voltage
- DTC P1122: TP Sensor Circuit Intermittent Low Voltage
- DTC P1133: Ho2S Insufficient Switching Sensor 1
- DTC P1134: Ho2S Transition Time Ratio Bank 1, Sensor 1
- DTC P1171: Fuel System Lean During Acceleration
- DTC P1336: CKP System Variation Not Learned
- DTC P1380: Abs DTC Rough Road System Fault
- DTC P1381: Abs Rough Road Class 2 Serial Data Fault
- DTC P1404: EGR Closed Valve
- DTC P1441: EVAP System Flow During Non-Purge
- DTC P1546: A/C Compressor Clutch Output Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P1625: Pcm Unexpected Result
- DTC P1627: Pcm A/D Conversion Malfunction
- DTC P1635: 5 Volt Reference Voltage Circuit Malfunction
- DTC P1640: ODM Output Circuit Fault
- Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics - Introduction
- Engine Controls - System & Component Testing
- Introduction
- Computerized Engine Controls
- Engine Sensors & Switches
- Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
- Oxygen Sensor (O2S)
- Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
- Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
- Knock Sensor (KS)
- Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor
- Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor (Amigo, Rodeo, Trooper & VEHICROSS)
- Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
- Transmission Temperature Sensor
- Transmission Range (Tr) Switch
- Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
- Modules, Motors & Relays
- Fuel System
- Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
- Component Locations
- Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes
- Theory and Operation
- Engine Controls - Theory & Operation
- Introduction
- Computerized Engine Controls
- Notes
- Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
- Input Devices
- Notes
- A/C Request (A/C On)
- Battery Voltage
- Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
- Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
- EGR Pintle Position (EGR-PS) Sensor
- Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
- Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
- Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
- Knock Sensor (KS)
- Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
- Mass Airflow Sensor (MAF)
- Oxygen Sensor (O2S)
- Park/Neutral Switch (A/T) & Inhibitor Switch (M/T)
- Power Steering Pressure Switch (PSPS)
- Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
- Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
- Output Signals
- Notes
- CHECK ENGINE Light or Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL)
- Distributorless Ignition System (DIS)
- EGR Valve
- Electronic Spark Advance
- Electronic Spark Timing (EST)
- Fuel Disable Mode (Engine Speed)
- Deceleration Mode
- Clear Flood Mode
- Acceleration Mode
- Fuel Injectors
- Fuel Pressure Regulator
- Fuel Pump
- Fuel Pump Relay
- Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
- Fuel System
- Ignition System
- Emission Systems
- Self-Diagnostic System
- Engine Controls - Theory & Operation
- Vacuum Diagrams
- General Information
- Abbreviations
- Basic Trouble Shooting
- Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
- Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
- Emission Control Abbreviations
- Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
- Brakes
- Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
- Map - Brake Systems
- Brake Systems
- Notes
- Map Standards Of Service
- The Map Process - Overview
- The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
- Accelerometers
- Accumulators
- Anchor Pins
- Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
- Anti-Lock Brake Controller
- Anti-Lock Brake Systems
- Axle Seal
- Backing Plates
- Bleeder Screw
- Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
- Brake Fluid
- Brake Friction Material
- Brake On - Off Switch
- Brake Pads
- Brake Pedals
- Brake Shoe Hardware
- Brake Shoes
- Brake Stoplight Switches
- Brake Warning Light (Amber)
- Brake Warning Light (Red)
- Bulb Sockets
- Bulbs And LEDS
- Caliper Hardware
- Caliper Mounting Pin
- Caliper Piston
- Caliper Shim
- Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
- Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
- Calipers
- Combination Valve
- Controllers
- Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
- Disable Switches
- Drums
- Electrical Brake Pumps
- Electrical Park Motor
- Electrical Pumps And Motors
- Electro-Magnetic Interference
- Electronic Brake Control Modulator
- Electronic Brake Distribution
- Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
- Electronic Controllers
- Electronic Traction Control
- External Brake Cable
- Flow Control Valve
- Fluid Level Sensor Switches
- Fluid
- Four Wheel Drive Switches
- Friction Material
- G Sensors
- Gaskets
- Gravitational Switches
- Grease Seal
- Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
- High Pressure Accumulator
- Hoses
- Hub
- Hydraulic Control Unit
- Hydraulic Modulators
- Hydro-Boosters
- Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
- Ignition Disable Switches
- Lamp Driver Relay
- Lateral Acceleration Switches
- LEDS
- Lenses
- Low Pressure Accumulator
- Lug Nut
- Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
- Master Cylinders
- Modulators
- Motor Pack
- Motors
- Pads
- Parking Brake Cable
- Parking Brake Mechanism
- Parking Brake Shoes
- Parking Brake Switches
- Parking Brake Systems
- Pedal Travel Switches
- Pedals
- Power Distribution Center
- POWERMASTER
- Pressure Differential Switches
- Pressure Switches
- Pressure Transducers
- Proportioning Valve
- Pumps
- Relays
- RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
- Rotors
- Self-Adjusting Systems
- Shoe Hardware
- Shoes
- Sockets
- Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
- Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
- Star Wheel
- Steel Brake Lines
- Stoplight Switches
- Stroke Sensor
- Switches
- Tires
- Tone Ring
- Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
- Traction Control System (TCS)
- Transfer Tubes
- Vacuum Boosters
- Vacuum Hoses
- Valves
- Wear Indicator
- Wheel Attachment Hardware
- Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
- Wheel Cylinders
- Wiring Harnesses
- Yaw Rate Sensor
- Brake System CHECKSHEET
- Reason Code Explanation
- Automotive Terminology & Definitions
- Brake Systems
- Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
- Routine Inspection Reference Guide
- Notes
- Map Standards Of Service
- The Map Process - Overview
- The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
- Maintenance Overview
- Antifreeze/Coolant
- Visual Inspection
- Radiator Cap Test
- Engine Fan
- Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
- Belts (Except Timing Belts)
- Belt TENSIONER
- Automatic Transmission Fluid
- Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
- Engine Oil
- Air Filters
- Cabin Air Filter
- Brake Fluid
- Battery
- Battery Cables
- Power Steering
- Power Steering Fluid
- Wiper Blades
- Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
- Routine Inspection - UICS
- Brake Systems
- Drivetrain And Transmission
- Notes
- Automatic Transmission Fluid
- Clutch Master Cylinders
- Cooler Lines
- Coolers
- Differential Fluid
- Drain Plugs And Gaskets
- Filters And Screens
- Fluids And Lubricants
- Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
- Hydraulic Fluid
- Lubricants
- Manual Transmission Fluid
- Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
- Transfer Case Fluid
- Vacuum Hoses
- Electrical Systems
- Engine Performance And Maintenance
- Notes
- Accessory Belts
- Air Filter Elements
- Air Filter Gaskets
- Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
- Air Pump Belts
- Batteries
- Battery Connectors
- Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
- Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
- Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
- Combustion Chamber Cleaning
- Coolant Recovery Tanks
- Coolant
- Distributor Caps
- Distributor Rotors
- Engine Cooling Systems
- Engine DECARBONIZATION
- Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
- Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
- Engine Oil
- Fuel Filters
- Fuel Injector Cleaning
- Fuel Injectors
- Fuel System Cleaning Service
- Hose Clamps
- Hose Connectors
- Hose Couplers
- Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
- Ignition Wires (Secondary)
- Intake Cleaning
- O2 Sensors
- PCV Breather Elements
- PCV Valves
- Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
- Spark Plugs
- Thermostats And Housings
- Throttle Body Cleaning
- Timing Belts
- Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
- Exhaust Systems
- Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
- Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
- Wheel & Tire Supplement
- Reason Code Explanation
- Automotive Terminology & Definitions
- Routine Inspection Reference Guide
- Check Lists
- Computer Relearn Procedures
- Introduction
- ACURA
- AUDI
- BMW
- DAEWOO
- HONDA
- HYUNDAI
- INFINITI
- ISUZU
- Jaguar
- KIA
- Land Rover
- LEXUS
- MAZDA
- Immobilizer System (626)
- Notes
- Key Replacement Or Addition (Customer Supplied 2 Or More Valid Keys)
- Key Replacement Or Addition (Customer Supplied Only One Or No Valid Keys)
- Immobilizer Unit (Customer Supplied At Least One Valid Key)
- PCM (Customer Supplied 2 Or More Valid Keys)
- PCM (Customer Supplied Only One Valid Key)
- Immobilizer Unit & PCM
- Reprogram Error Recovery
- Inputting Code Word
- Immobilizer System (626)
- MERCEDES-BENZ
- ECM Version Coding
- Enabling Code Function For Radio
- Notes
- Audio 10 Models (CLK, E & SLK Class)
- Audio 30 Models (CLK, E & SLK Class)
- Becker Radio (CL, S & SL Class)
- Panasonic Exquisite Radio (CL, S & SL Class)
- Radio With Navigation Control Module (CL, S & SL Class)
- Radio With 4-Digit Fixed Code (CL, S & SL Class)
- Radio & Radio With Navigation Control Module With 5-Digit Fixed Code (CL, S & SL Class)
- Radio (ML Class)
- Programming Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Control Module
- MITSUBISHI
- NISSAN
- PORSCHE
- SAAB
- SUBARU
- SUZUKI
- TOYOTA
- VOLKSWAGEN
- VOLVO
- OBD-II Drive Cycles
- Driveline/Axles
- Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
- Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
- Map - Drive Train & Transmission
- Drive Train & Transmission Systems
- Drivetrain And Transmission
- Notes
- Actuators (Electrical)
- Actuators (Vacuum)
- Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
- Automatic Transmission Fluid
- Axles
- Bearings And Races
- Bell Cranks
- Bell Housings
- Bushings (External)
- Cables (Speedometer)
- Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
- Carrier Bearings
- Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
- Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
- Clutch Forks
- Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
- Clutch Master Cylinders
- Clutch Pedals
- Clutch Pivots
- Clutch Pressure Plates
- Clutch Release Bearings
- Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
- Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
- Companion Flanges
- Connectors
- Cooler Bypass Valves
- Cooler Lines
- Coolers
- CV Joints
- Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
- Differential Fluid
- Dip Stick Tubes
- Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
- Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
- Drain Plugs And Gaskets
- Drive Shaft Flanges
- Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
- Dust Boots
- Engine Mounts
- Exciter Rings
- Filler Tubes
- Filters And Screens
- Flanges
- Flex Plates
- Fluid Level Indicators
- Fluids And Lubricants
- Flywheels
- Force Motors
- Gaskets
- Guides
- Half Shafts
- Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
- Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
- Hydraulic Fluid
- Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
- Key Interlock Systems
- Limited Slips
- Lines
- Linkages (External)
- Locking Hub Assemblies
- Locking Hub Control Knobs
- Lubricants
- Manual Transmission Fluid
- Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
- Metal Clad Seals
- METALASTIC Joints
- Modulator Pins
- Modulators
- Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
- Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
- Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
- Oil Pans
- Pans
- Pilot Holes
- Pressure Plates
- Pressure Switches
- Races
- Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
- Screens
- Seals (Metal Clad)
- Seals
- Selector Interlock Systems
- Sensors
- Servos
- Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
- Side Covers
- Slip Yokes
- Solenoids
- Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
- Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
- Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
- Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
- Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
- Switches
- Tone Wheels
- Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
- Torque Converters
- Transaxle Mounts
- Transducers (Transmission)
- Transfer Case Assemblies
- Transfer Case Fluid
- Transmission Coolers
- Transmission Mounts
- Transmission Pans
- Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
- Tubes
- Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
- Vacuum Controls
- Vacuum Hoses
- Vacuum Motors
- Vacuum-Operated Switches
- Vehicle Speed Sensors
- Vents
- Vibration Dampers
- Wheel Attachment Hardware
- Wheel Speed Sensors
- Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
- Yokes And Slip Yokes
- Reason Code Explanation
- Automotive Terminology & Definitions
- Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
- DTC Index
- Electrical
- Map - Electrical Systems
- Electrical Systems
- Notes
- Map Standards Of Service
- The Map Process - Overview
- The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
- Actuator Motors (Electric)
- Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
- Air Bags
- Alternators And Generators
- Amplifiers
- Antennas
- Batteries
- Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
- Battery Cables
- Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
- Battery Wires
- Belts
- Bulb Sockets
- Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
- Cd Players
- Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
- Circuit Breakers
- Clutch Switches
- Connectors
- Control Modules
- Cruise Control Brake Switches
- Cruise Control Cables
- Cruise Control Clutch Switches
- Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
- Cruise Control Reservoirs
- Cruise Control Tubes
- Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
- Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
- Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
- Defoggers
- Defrosters
- Delays
- Dimmers
- Electric Heaters
- Equalizers
- Fuse Blocks
- Fuse Boxes And Blocks
- Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
- Fusible Links
- Gauges
- Generators
- Ground Cables And Straps
- Ground Straps
- Headlight Adjusters
- Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
- Horns And Sirens
- Ignition Switches
- Indicator Lights
- Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
- Keyless Entry Transmitters
- LEDS
- Lenses
- Microphones
- Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
- Motors
- Neutral Safety Switches
- Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
- Odometers
- Power Distribution Center
- Pulleys
- Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
- Relay Boxes
- Relays
- Sealed Beams
- Seat Heaters
- Security Alarm Sensors
- Sirens
- Solenoids
- Speakers And Microphones
- Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
- Speedometer Cables
- Speedometers
- Starters
- Sub-Woofer Volume Control
- Switches
- Tachometer Cables
- Tachometers
- Tape Players And Cd Players
- TENSIONERS
- Timers
- Transceivers
- Transducers
- Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
- Voltage Regulators
- Washer Fluid Level Senders
- Washer Pumps
- Wiper Arms And Blades
- Wiper Blades
- Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
- Wiper Linkages
- Wiper Nozzles
- Wiper Pump Reservoirs
- Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
- Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
- Reason Code Explanation
- Automotive Terminology & Definitions
- Electrical Systems
- Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
- Map - Electrical Systems
- Engine
- Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
- * Please Read This First *
- Description
- Engine Identification
- Inspection Procedures
- Cleaning Procedures
- Component Cleaning
- Cylinder Head Replacement
- Cylinder Head Overhaul
- Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
- Crankshaft & Main Bearings
- Camshaft
- Timing Chains & Belts
- Timing Gears
- Oil Pump
- Break-In Procedure
- General Cooling System Service - General Information
- Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
- Engine Performance
- Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
- Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
- Engine Performance Safety Precautions
- Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
- Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
- Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
- Engine Performance And Maintenance
- Notes
- Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
- Accessory Belts
- Accessory Pulleys
- Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
- Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
- Air Ducts And Tubes
- Air Filter Elements
- Air Filter Gaskets
- Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
- Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
- Air Injection Control Solenoids
- Air Plenums
- Air Pump Belts
- Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
- Air Tubes
- Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
- Baffles
- Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
- Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
- Barometric Pressure Sensors
- Batteries
- Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
- Battery Connectors
- Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
- Battery Wires
- Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
- Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
- Belt-Driven Air Pumps
- Boost Control Mechanism
- Camshaft Position Sensors
- Carburetors And Chokes
- Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
- Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
- Check Valves
- Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
- Chokes
- Clutch Pedal Position Switches
- Cold Start Injectors
- Combustion Chamber Cleaning
- Connectors
- Coolant Recovery Tanks
- Coolant
- Cooling Fan Motor Modules
- Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
- Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
- Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
- Cooling Fan Motor Switches
- Cooling Fan Motors
- Crankshaft Position Sensors
- Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
- Cylinder Head Assemblies
- DECEL Valves
- Deflectors
- Dip Stick Tubes
- Dip Sticks And Tubes
- Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
- Distributor Boots And Shields
- Distributor Caps
- Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
- Distributor Rotors
- Distributor Shields
- Distributors
- Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
- EGR Coolers
- EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
- EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
- EGR Plates And Coolers
- Electronic Spark Control Modules
- Electronic Transmission Control Devices
- Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
- Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
- Engine Cooling Systems
- Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
- Engine DECARBONIZATION
- Engine Oil Canisters
- Engine Oil Coolers (External)
- Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
- Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
- Engine Oil Gaskets
- Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
- Engine Oil
- Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
- Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
- Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
- Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
- Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
- Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
- Expansion Plugs
- Fan Control Sensor
- Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
- Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
- Fuel Caps
- Fuel Dampers
- Fuel Delivery Check Valves
- Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
- Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
- Fuel Filters
- Fuel Injector Cleaning
- Fuel Injectors
- Fuel Level Senders
- Fuel Pressure Regulators
- Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
- Fuel Rails
- Fuel RESTRICTORS
- Fuel System Cleaning Service
- Fuel Tanks
- Fuel
- Gaskets
- Grommets (Valve Cover)
- Harmonic Dampers
- Heater Control Valves
- Heater Cores
- Hose Clamps
- Hose Connectors
- Hose Couplers
- Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
- Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
- Housings
- Idle Air Controls
- Idle Speed Control Actuators
- Ignition Boots
- Ignition Coil Towers
- Ignition Coils
- Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
- Ignition Switches
- Ignition Terminals
- Ignition Wires (Secondary)
- Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
- Intake Air Temperature Sensors
- Intake Cleaning
- Intake Manifolds
- In-Tank Fuel Strainers
- INTERCOOLERS
- Knock Sensors
- Liquid Vapor Separators
- Long Block Assemblies
- Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
- Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
- Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
- Metal Air Pipes
- Mix Control Solenoids
- Motor Mounts
- O2 Sensors
- Oil Pans
- Oil Pressure Sending Units
- Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
- Oil Pumps
- O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
- Park Neutral Position Switches
- PCV Breather Elements
- PCV Orifices
- PCV Valves
- Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
- Power Steering Pressure Sensors
- Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
- Powertrain Control Prom
- Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
- Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
- Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
- Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
- Radiators
- Roll Over Valves
- Sealing Compounds
- Seals
- Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
- Sensors
- Short Block Assemblies
- Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
- Spark Plugs
- Spring Locks
- Super Chargers
- Switches
- Thermal Vacuum Valves
- Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
- Thermostats And Housings
- Throttle Bodies
- Throttle Body Cleaning
- Throttle Cables
- Throttle Linkages And Cables
- Throttle Position Sensors
- Throttle Position Switches
- Timing Belt Sprockets
- Timing Belts
- Timing Covers
- Torque Struts
- Transmission Range Switches
- Tube Clamps
- Tube Connectors
- Tube Couplers
- Tubes
- Turbo Chargers
- Vacuum Connections
- Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
- Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
- Vacuum Tubes
- Valve Covers
- Vehicle Speed Senors
- Volume Air Flow Sensors
- Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
- Waste Gate Control Solenoids
- Water Pumps (Electric)
- Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
- Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
- Reason Code Explanation
- Automotive Terminology & Definitions
- Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
- State Emission Standards - Diesel
- State Emission Standards - Gas
- ALASKA
- ARIZONA
- CALIFORNIA
- Colorado
- CONNECTICUT
- DELAWARE
- District Of COLUMBIA
- GEORGIA
- IDAHO
- ILLINOIS
- INDIANA
- KENTUCKY
- MARYLAND
- MASSACHUSETTS
- MISSOURI
- NEVADA
- New Jersey
- New MEXICO
- New YORK
- North CAROLINA
- OHIO
- OREGON
- PENNSYLVANIA
- RHODE Island
- TENNESSEE
- TEXAS
- UTAH
- VIRGINIA
- WASHINGTON
- WISCONSIN
- U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
- U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
- U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
- Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
- * Please Read This First *
- Purpose Of This Article
- Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
- The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
- The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
- Interpreting Injector Waveforms
- Current Waveform Samples
- Notes
- Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
- Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
- Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
- Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
- Voltage Waveform Samples
- Notes
- Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
- Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
- Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
- Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
- Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
- Map - Exhaust Systems
- Exhaust Systems
- Notes
- Map Standards Of Service
- The Map Process - Overview
- The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
- Catalytic Converters
- Exhaust And Tail Pipes
- Exhaust Connections
- Hangers
- Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
- Heat Shields
- Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
- Mechanical EFE Devices
- Muffler Valve
- Mufflers And Resonators
- Reason Code Explanation
- Exhaust Systems
- Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
- Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
- Notes
- Map Standards Of Service
- The Map Process - Overview
- The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
- Accumulators
- Actuators (Electrical)
- Actuators (Vacuum)
- Air Conditioning Fittings
- Air Conditioning Hoses
- Air Conditioning Metal Lines
- Air Control Doors
- Air Dams (External)
- Air Distribution System
- Belts
- Blend Doors
- Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
- Blower Motors
- Blower Resistors
- Blower Switches
- Cabin Air Filters
- Circuit Breakers
- Compressor Clutch Assemblies
- Compressors
- Condenser Air Seals
- Condenser Fan Motors
- Condensers
- Connectors
- Control Cables
- Control Heads (Function Selectors)
- Control Linkages
- Control Modules
- Coolant
- Cooling Fan Blades
- Cooling Fan Clutches
- Cooling Fan Motors
- Evaporator Drain Tubes
- Evaporator Filters
- Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
- Evaporators
- Expansion Valves
- Function Selectors
- Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
- Fusible Links
- Gaskets
- Heater Cases
- Heater Control Valves
- Heater Cores
- Heater Hoses
- High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
- Idlers
- In-Line Filters
- Metal Fittings
- Metal Lines
- Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
- ORIFACE Tubes
- O-Rings
- Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
- Plenums
- Pressure Control Valves
- Pressure Sensors
- Pulleys
- Radiators
- Receiver-DRIERS
- Refrigerant Oil
- Refrigerant
- Relays
- Seals
- Service Ports
- Spring Lock Couplings
- Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
- Switches (Electrical)
- TENSIONERS
- Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
- Thermostats And Housings
- Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
- Vacuum Reservoirs
- Vacuum Tubes
- Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
- Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
- Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
- Reason Code Explanation
- Automotive Terminology & Definitions
- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
- Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
- Identification
- Metric Conversions
- OEM General Information
- How To Use The Engine Performance Section
- Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
- Restraints
- Air Bag And Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
- Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
- Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
- ACURA
- AUDI
- BMW
- HONDA
- HYUNDAI
- INFINITI
- ISUZU
- Jaguar
- KIA
- Land Rover
- LEXUS
- MAZDA
- MERCEDES-BENZ
- MITSUBISHI
- NISSAN
- PORSCHE
- SAAB
- SUBARU
- SUZUKI
- TOYOTA
- Notes
- System Operation Check
- Service Precautions
- Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
- Notes
- Disabling Air Bag System (Avalon, Camry, Camry Solara & Corolla)
- Activating Air Bag System (Avalon, Camry, Camry Solara & Corolla)
- Disabling Air Bag System (Celica)
- Activating Air Bag System (Celica)
- Disabling Air Bag System (ECHO)
- Activating Air Bag System (ECHO)
- Disabling Air Bag System (Land Cruiser, RAV-4, Sienna, Tacoma, Tundra & 4Runner)
- Activating Air Bag System (Land Cruiser, RAV-4, Sienna, Tacoma, Tundra & 4Runner)
- Disabling Air Bag System (MR2)
- Activating Air Bag System (MR2)
- VOLKSWAGEN
- VOLVO
- Specifications Index
- Steering
- Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
- Steering & Suspension Systems
- Wheel And Tire
- Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
- Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
- Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
- Notes
- Active Handling
- Active Suspension Control Modules
- Active Variable Ratio Steering
- Active Yaw Control
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Advance TRAC
- Air Bags
- Air Ride Control Modules
- Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
- Air Ride Suspension
- Air Ride Tubes
- Air Shocks And Air Struts
- Air Spring Valves
- Air Springs
- Air Suspension Control Valves
- Air Suspension DRIERS
- Axle Acceleration Sensor
- Ball Joints
- Body Acceleration Sensor
- Bushings
- Center Links
- Compressors
- Continuous Damping Control
- Control Arm Shafts
- Control Arms
- Control Modules
- Distance Regulation Control Module
- Distance Regulation Sensor
- Drag Links
- Dynamic Stability Control
- Dynamic Stability Traction Control
- Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
- Electronic Stability Control
- Electronic Suspension System
- Flex Couplers
- Gaskets
- Height Sensors
- Hydraulic Hoses
- Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
- Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
- Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
- Idler Arms
- Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
- King Pins
- Modules
- Pitman Arms
- Power Steering Belts
- Power Steering Coolers
- Power Steering Fluid
- Power Steering Hoses
- Power Steering Lines (Steel)
- Power Steering Pumps - Electric
- Power Steering Pumps
- Radar Sensor
- Radius Arms
- Relay Rods
- Relays
- Sensors
- Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
- Spindles
- Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
- STABILITRAC
- Stability Management System
- Steering Angle Sensor
- Steering Arms
- Steering Couplers
- Steering Dampers
- Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
- Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
- Steering Knuckles
- Strike Out Bumpers
- Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
- Strut Rods
- Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
- Sway Bar Links
- Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
- Sway Bars
- Switches
- Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Tire Pressure Sensors
- Tires
- Torque Sensor
- Torsion Springs
- Track Bar Bushings
- Track Bars
- Trailing Arm Bushings
- Trailing Arms
- Valve Stems
- Vehicle Dynamics Control
- Vehicle Speed Sensor
- Vehicle Stability Assist
- Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
- Warning Lamps
- Wheel Alignment
- Wheel Attachment Hardware
- Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
- Wheels (Rims)
- Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
- Reason Code Explanation
- Automotive Terminology & Definitions
- Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
- Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
- Traction Control Disable Procedures
- Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
- Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
- General Servicing
- A/C Refrigerant Oil & Refrigerant Specifications
- Air Conditioning Compressor Servicing
- Air Conditioning System Compressor Applications
- Air Conditioning System Compressor Refrigerant Oil Checking
- Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
- HVAC Systems - General Servicing
- HVAC Control Systems
- Heater Systems
- Heater Systems - Wiring Diagrams
- Manual A/C-Heater Systems
- Manual A/C-Heater Systems - Wiring Diagrams
- General Servicing
- Maintenance
- Restraints
- Air Bag, SRS
- Air Bag Restraint Systems
- Description & Operation
- Component Locations
- System Operation Check
- Air Bag Safety Precautions
- Adjustments
- Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
- Disposal Procedures
- Post-Collision Inspection
- Removal & Installation
- Diagnostics
- Diagnostic Tests
- SRS Diagnostic System Check
- SDM Integrity Check
- Air Bag Warning Light Comes On Steadily
- Air Bag Warning Light Does Not Come On Steadily
- DTC 15: Passenger Deployment Loop Resistance High
- DTC 16: Passenger Deployment Loop Resistance Low
- DTC 17: Passenger Deployment Loop Open
- DTC 18: Passenger Deployment Loop Short To Ground
- DTC 19: Passenger Deployment Loop Short To Power
- DTC 21: Driver Deployment Loop Resistance High
- DTC 22: Driver Deployment Loop Resistance Low
- DTC 24: Driver Deployment Loop Short To Ground
- DTC 25: Driver Deployment Loop Short To Ignition
- DTC 26: Driver Deployment Loop Open
- DTC 51 & 53: Deployment Event Commanded-Deployment Event Commanded With Deployment Loop Fault Or Energy Reserves Out Of Range
- DTC 61: Warning Light Circuit Failure
- DTC 71: Internal SDM Fault
- Torque Specifications
- Wiring Diagrams
- Air Bag Restraint Systems
- Air Bag, SRS
- Steering
- Manual Steering
- Power Rack & Pinion
- Description & Operation
- Trouble Shooting
- Rattle Or Chucking Noise
- Poor RETURNABILITY Of Steering Wheel To Center
- Momentary Increase In Effort When Turning Steering Wheel Fast From Left To Right
- Steering Wheel Surges Or Jerks When Turning Especially During Parking
- Excessive Wheel Kick Back Or Loose Steering
- Hard Steering Or Lack Of Power Assist
- Unstable Engine Idling Or Stalling When Turning
- Low Pressure Due To Steering Pump
- Low Pressure Due To Steering Gear
- Growling Noise In Steering Pump
- Groaning Noise In Steering Pump
- Rattling Noise In Steering Pump
- Swishing Noise In Steering Pump
- Whining Noise In Steering Pump
- System Tests
- Lubrication
- Inspection
- Removal & Installation
- Overhaul
- General Specifications
- Special Tools
- Torque Specifications
- Power Recirculating Ball
- Power Rack & Pinion
- Power Steering
- Power Rack & Pinion
- Description & Operation
- Trouble Shooting
- Rattle Or Chucking Noise
- Poor RETURNABILITY Of Steering Wheel To Center
- Momentary Increase In Effort When Turning Steering Wheel Fast From Left To Right
- Steering Wheel Surges Or Jerks When Turning Especially During Parking
- Excessive Wheel Kick Back Or Loose Steering
- Hard Steering Or Lack Of Power Assist
- Unstable Engine Idling Or Stalling When Turning
- Low Pressure Due To Steering Pump
- Low Pressure Due To Steering Gear
- Growling Noise In Steering Pump
- Groaning Noise In Steering Pump
- Rattling Noise In Steering Pump
- Swishing Noise In Steering Pump
- Whining Noise In Steering Pump
- System Tests
- Lubrication
- Inspection
- Removal & Installation
- Overhaul
- General Specifications
- Special Tools
- Torque Specifications
- Power Recirculating Ball
- Power Rack & Pinion
- Steering Column
- Description & Operation
- Service Precautions
- Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
- Adjustments
- Removal & Installation
- Torque Specifications
- Manual Steering
- Suspension
- Front Suspension
- Rear Suspension
- Wheel Alignment
- Transmission
- Clutches
- Manual Trans
- Transfer Case Overhaul
- External Pages