Repair and Diagnosis

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures (PHEV)
  • DTC Index (PHEV)
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Component Locations (PHEV)
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • System Wiring Diagrams
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Assist Door Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Driver Door Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Immobilizer System (PHEV)
    • Keyless Entry And Burglar Alarm (PHEV)
    • Power Door Locks (PHEV)
    • Smart Junction Block Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Smart Key Code Saving Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Smart Key System (PHEV)
    • Smart Key Unit Diagnosis (PHEV)
  • Collision/Avoidance
    • Advanced Smart Cruise Control System (PHEV)
    • Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) System (PHEV)
    • Autonomous Emergency Braking System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Back View Camera (PHEV)
    • Blind Spot Detection System (PHEV)
    • Blind Spot Detection System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) (PHEV)
    • Multi Function Camera Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Parking Guide System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Rear Parking Assist System (PHEV)
    • Surround View Monitor System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Surround View Monitoring (SVM) System (PHEV)
    • Virtual Engine Sound System (VESS) (PHEV)
    • Virtual Engine Sound System Diagnosis (PHEV)
  • Communication Devices
    • Assist Door Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Body Control Module (BCM) (PHEV)
    • Body Control Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Central Gateway Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Cluster Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Driver Door Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Advanced Smart Cruise Control System (PHEV)
    • Cruise Control System (PHEV)
  • Drivers Assistance Systems - ADAS
    • Advanced Smart Cruise Control System (PHEV)
    • Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) System (PHEV)
    • Autonomous Emergency Braking System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Back View Camera (PHEV)
    • Blind Spot Detection System (PHEV)
    • Blind Spot Detection System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) (PHEV)
    • Multi Function Camera Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Parking Guide System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Rear Parking Assist System (PHEV)
    • Surround View Monitor System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Surround View Monitoring (SVM) System (PHEV)
    • Virtual Engine Sound System (VESS) (PHEV)
    • Virtual Engine Sound System Diagnosis (PHEV)
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Audio/Video/Navigation (AVN) System (PHEV)
    • UVO System (PHEV)
  • Exterior Lights
    • Lighting System (PHEV)
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Crash Pad (PHEV)
    • Indicators And Gauges (PHEV)
  • Headlights
    • Adaptive Front Lighting System (PHEV)
    • Adaptive Front Lighting System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Auto Lighting Control System (PHEV)
    • Headlamp Leveling Device (PHEV)
    • Lighting System (PHEV)
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Rear Glass Defogger System (PHEV)
    • Windshield Deicer System (PHEV)
  • Horns
    • Horn (PHEV)
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Button Engine Start System (PHEV)
    • Ignition Switch Assembly (PHEV)
  • Infotainment
    • Audio/Video/Navigation (AVN) System (PHEV)
    • UVO System (PHEV)
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Body Side Molding (PHEV)
    • Crash Pad (PHEV)
    • Floor Carpet (PHEV)
    • Floor Console (PHEV)
    • Interior Trim (PHEV)
    • Roof Trim (PHEV)
    • Trunk Trim (PHEV)
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Lighting System (PHEV)
  • Memory Modules
    • Integrated Memory System (IMS) (PHEV)
  • Mirrors
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Electro Chromic Inside Rear View Mirror (PHEV)
    • Mirrors (PHEV)
    • Power Door Mirrors (PHEV)
  • Seats
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Front Seat Assembly (PHEV)
    • Integrated Memory System (IMS) (PHEV)
    • Power Seat Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Rear Seat Assembly (PHEV)
    • Seat Electrical (PHEV)
  • Steering Column Switches
    • MULTIFUNCTION Switch (PHEV)
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Power Windows (PHEV)
    • Quarter Fixed Glass (PHEV)
    • Rear Window Glass (PHEV)
    • Windshield Glass (PHEV)
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Windshield Wiper/Washer System (PHEV)
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Assist Door Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Driver Door Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Immobilizer System (PHEV)
    • Keyless Entry And Burglar Alarm (PHEV)
    • Power Door Locks (PHEV)
    • Smart Junction Block Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Smart Key Code Saving Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Smart Key System (PHEV)
    • Smart Key Unit Diagnosis (PHEV)
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Cowl Top Cover (PHEV)
    • Fender (PHEV)
    • Front Bumper (PHEV)
    • Front Door Assembly (PHEV)
    • Fuel Filler Door - Inspection (PHEV)
    • Fuel Filler Door - Replacement (PHEV)
    • Hood Assembly (PHEV)
    • Rear Bumper (PHEV)
    • Rear Door Assembly (PHEV)
    • Trunk Lid (PHEV)
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Body Side Molding (PHEV)
    • Crash Pad (PHEV)
    • Floor Carpet (PHEV)
    • Floor Console (PHEV)
    • Interior Trim (PHEV)
    • Roof Trim (PHEV)
    • Trunk Trim (PHEV)
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Button Engine Start System (PHEV)
    • Ignition Switch Assembly (PHEV)
  • Mirrors
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Electro Chromic Inside Rear View Mirror (PHEV)
    • Mirrors (PHEV)
    • Power Door Mirrors (PHEV)
  • Seats
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Front Seat Assembly (PHEV)
    • Integrated Memory System (IMS) (PHEV)
    • Power Seat Module Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Rear Seat Assembly (PHEV)
    • Seat Electrical (PHEV)
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Panorama Sunroof - Inspection (PHEV)
    • Panorama Sunroof - Replacement (PHEV)
  • Windows
    • Power Windows (PHEV)
    • Quarter Fixed Glass (PHEV)
    • Rear Window Glass (PHEV)
    • Windshield Glass (PHEV)
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Electronic Stability Control (ESC) System (PHEV)
    • ESC/AHB Diagnosis (PHEV)
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Active Hydraulic Boost (AHB) System (PHEV)
    • Brake System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Brake System (PHEV)
  • Parking Brake System
    • Electric Parking Brake Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Parking Brake System (PHEV)
  • Traction Control
    • Electronic Stability Control (ESC) System (PHEV)
    • ESC/AHB Diagnosis (PHEV)
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Driveshaft & Axle - General Information (PHEV)
    • Driveshaft Assembly (PHEV)
  • Wheel Hubs
    • Driveshaft & Axle - General Information (PHEV)
    • Front Axle Assembly (PHEV)
    • Rear Axle Assembly (PHEV)
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Body Electrical System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Wireless Power Charger Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Wireless Power Charger System (PHEV)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System (PHEV)
    • Engine Electrical System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Component Locations (PHEV)
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuses And Relays (PHEV)
  • Gauges
    • Crash Pad (PHEV)
    • Indicators And Gauges (PHEV)
  • Horns
    • Horn (PHEV)
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Body Electrical System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Wireless Power Charger Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Wireless Power Charger System (PHEV)
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • System Wiring Diagrams
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Drive Belt System (PHEV)
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Crankcase Emission Control System (PHEV)
    • Emission Control System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Evaporative Emission Control System (PHEV)
    • Exhaust Emission Control System (PHEV)
  • Cooling Fan
    • Engine Cooling System (PHEV)
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Active Air Flap Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Engine Cooling System (PHEV)
  • Intake And Exhaust System (PHEV)
  • Fuel System
    • Engine Control/Fuel System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Fuel Delivery System (PHEV)
  • Lubrication System (PHEV)
  • Mechanical
    • Cylinder Block (PHEV)
    • Cylinder Head Assembly (PHEV)
    • Drive Belt System (PHEV)
    • Engine And Transaxle Assembly (R & I) (PHEV)
    • Engine Mechanical System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Intake And Exhaust System (PHEV)
    • Timing System (PHEV)
  • Starter
    • Engine Electrical System - General Information (PHEV)
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - KIA
    • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Engine Control System (PHEV)
    • Engine Control/Fuel System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Engine Control/Fuel System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Fuel Delivery System (PHEV)
  • Ignition System
    • Engine Electrical System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Ignition Switch Assembly (PHEV)
    • Ignition System (PHEV)
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
  • System
    • Engine Control System Diagnosis (1 Of 3) (PHEV)
    • Engine Control System Diagnosis (2 Of 3) (PHEV)
    • Engine Control System Diagnosis (3 Of 3) (PHEV)
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Control System Diagnosis (1 Of 3) (PHEV)
    • Engine Control System Diagnosis (2 Of 3) (PHEV)
    • Engine Control System Diagnosis (3 Of 3) (PHEV)
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Electrical System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Ignition Switch Assembly (PHEV)
    • Ignition System (PHEV)
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
    • Map - Brake Systems
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
  • DTC Index (PHEV)
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
  • Hoist/Jack
    • General Information (PHEV)
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
    • General Information (PHEV)
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
    • Metric Conversions
  • OEM General Information
    • Automatic Stop/Start Disable
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • General Information (PHEV)
    • Maintenance (PHEV)
  • Reset Procedures
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures (PHEV)
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
  • Towing
    • General Information (PHEV)
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • Air Conditioning System (PHEV)
    • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning - General Information (PHEV)
  • General Servicing
    • Air Conditioning System (PHEV)
    • Cabin Air Filter
    • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning - General Information (PHEV)
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Air Conditioning System (PHEV)
    • Air Conditioning System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Blower System (PHEV)
    • Heater And A/C Control Unit (PHEV)
    • Heater System (PHEV)
    • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning - General Information (PHEV)
• Hybrid/Electric Powertrain
  • Battery Management Systems
    • High Voltage Battery Control System (PHEV)
    • High Voltage Battery System (PHEV)
    • High Voltage Charging System (PHEV)
  • Cooling Systems
    • High Voltage Battery Cooling System (PHEV)
    • Hybrid Motor Cooling System (PHEV)
  • Electric Converters and Controllers
    • Hybrid Control System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Hybrid Control System (PHEV)
    • Hybrid Motor Control System (PHEV)
    • Low Voltage Dc/Dc Converter (LDC) (PHEV)
    • Power Cable (PHEV)
  • Electric Motor Systems
    • Hybrid Motor Assembly (PHEV)
    • Hybrid Motor System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Testing and Diagnosis
    • HEV Battery System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • HEV Motor Control System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Low Dc/Dc Converter Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • On Board Charger Diagnosis (PHEV)
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Airbag Modules And Clock Spring (PHEV)
    • Airbag System Diagnosis (1 Of 2) (PHEV)
    • Airbag System Diagnosis (2 Of 2) (PHEV)
    • Occupant Classification System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Restraints - General Information (PHEV)
    • Supplemental Restraint System Control Module (SRSCM) And Sensors (PHEV)
  • Passive Restraints
    • Body Interior And Exterior - General Information (PHEV)
    • Restraints - General Information (PHEV)
    • Seat Belt System (PHEV)
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Front Seat Belt (PHEV)
    • Rear Seat Belt (PHEV)
  • Seat Belts
    • Front Seat Belt (PHEV)
    • Rear Seat Belt (PHEV)
• Steering
  • Electronic Steering
    • Motor Driven Power Steering System (PHEV)
    • Motor Driven Power Steering System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Steering System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Manual Steering
    • Steering System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Power Steering
    • Steering System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Steering Column
    • Motor Driven Power Steering System (PHEV)
    • Steering System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Steering Control Systems
    • Steering System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Steering Wheel (PHEV)
  • Steering Gear
    • Motor Driven Power Steering System (PHEV)
    • Steering System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Steering Linkage
    • Steering System - General Information (PHEV)
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension System (PHEV)
    • Suspension System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension System (PHEV)
    • Suspension System - General Information (PHEV)
  • Wheel Alignment
    • KIA Wheel Alignment Specifications - Optima
    • Suspension System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Tires/Wheels/Wheel Alignment (PHEV)
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Suspension System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (PHEV)
    • Tire Pressure Monitoring System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Tires/Wheels/Wheel Alignment (PHEV)
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transaxle Control System (PHEV)
    • Automatic Transaxle System - General Information (PHEV)
    • Automatic Transaxle System (PHEV)
    • Automatic Transaxle System Diagnosis (PHEV)
    • Clutch & Brake (PHEV)
    • Engine And Transaxle Assembly (R & I) (PHEV)
    • Engine Clutch Assembly (PHEV)
    • Hydraulic System (PHEV)
• External Pages