Repair and Diagnosis

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC : Driver/Passenger/Rear Door Module (DDM/PDM/RDM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module (Abs) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Audio Amplifier Module (AAM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Body Control Module (BCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: CHASIS Control Module (CHCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Cruise Control Module -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Driver Assistance Domain Controller (DADC) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Driver/Passenger/Rear Seat Module (DSM/PSM/RSM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Gateway Module (GWM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Gear Shift Module (GSM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Head Up Display (HUD) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Headlamp Control Module (HCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: HVAC Control Module (HVAC) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Image Processing Module (IPMA) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Infotainment Compute Control Module (ICCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Infotainment Gateway Module (IGM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) Control Module - Midline Plus -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) Control Module -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Interactive Display Module A (IDMA) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Near Field Sensing Module (NFSM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Near Field Sensing Module B (NFSMB) 1 Camera System -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Power Steering Control Module (PSCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Rear Differential Control Module (RDCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Rear HVAC Control Module (RHVAC) - With Rear Air Conditioning -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Rear HVAC Control Module (RHVAC) - Without Rear Air Conditioning -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Remote Function Actuator (RFA) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Side Obstacle Detection Control Module - Left/Right (SODL/SODR) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Steering Angle Sensor Module -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: TELEMATIC Control Unit Module (TCU) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Tire Pressure Monitoring System Control Module (TPMSCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Tow Bar Control Module (TBM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Trailer Control Module (TRM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transfer Case Control Module (TCCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transmission Control Module (TCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transmission Control Module (TCM) For 8HP76/51 Transmission -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transmission Control Switch (TCS) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Vehicle Immobilizer Control Module (Vim) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Wireless Device Charger Module (WDCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol MHEV, DTC Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) (P064A-42 To U2300-87) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol MHEV, DTC: Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) (B1087-88 To P0205-19) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol MHEV, DTC: Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) (P0206-13 To P0634-00) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With MHEV, DTC: Starter Generator Control Module (SGCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With PHEV, DTC: Electric Power Inverter Converter Control Module (Epic) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: MHEV DTC: Electric Power Inverter Converter Control Module "D" (EPICD) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: MHEV, DTC: Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: PHEV, DTC: Battery Charger Control Module (BCCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: PHEV, DTC: Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index: Restraints Control Module (RCM) -- Defender/L663
    • General Procedures - Torque Wrench Extension Formula -- Defender/L663
    • Split Service Messaging Strategy -- Defender/L663
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Component Locations - Defender (Accessory Drive - Fuel Charging & Controls)
    • Component Locations - Defender (Fuel Charging & Controls - Wipers & Washers)
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Wiring Diagram Introduction
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft - Active -- Defender/L663
    • Anti-Theft - Passive -- Defender/L663
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems -- Defender/L663
  • Collision/Avoidance
    • Driving Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Instrumentation And Warning Systems - Parking Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Warning Devices -- Defender/L663
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network -- Defender/L663
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules -- Defender/L663
  • Drivers Assistance Systems - ADAS
    • Braking Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Driver Assistance Systems - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Driver Assistance Systems - Parking Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Driving Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Instrumentation And Warning Systems - Parking Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Warning Devices -- Defender/L663
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Information And Entertainment System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Information And Entertainment System - Vehicles With: INCONTROL Touch Pro -- Defender/L663
    • Message Center -- Defender/L663
  • Exterior Lights
    • Daytime Running Lamps -- Defender/L663
    • Exterior Lighting -- Defender/L663
    • Lighting - General Information -- Defender/L663
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Instrument Cluster -- Defender/L663
    • Instrument Panel And Console -- Defender/L663
    • Message Center -- Defender/L663
  • Horns
    • Horn -- Defender/L663
  • Infotainment
    • Information And Entertainment System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Information And Entertainment System - Vehicles With: INCONTROL Touch Pro -- Defender/L663
    • Message Center -- Defender/L663
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior -- Defender/L663
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation -- Defender/L663
    • Instrument Panel And Console -- Defender/L663
    • Interior -- Defender/L663
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation -- Defender/L663
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting -- Defender/L663
  • Rear View Mirrors -- Defender/L663
  • Seats
    • Seating -- Defender/L663 (Removal And Installation)
    • Seating -- Defender/L663 (Specifications - General Procedures)
  • Steering Column Switches -- Defender/L663
  • Warning Systems
    • Driver Assistance Systems - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Driver Assistance Systems - Parking Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Driving Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Instrumentation And Warning Systems - Parking Aid -- Defender/L663
    • Warning Devices -- Defender/L663
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms -- Defender/L663
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wipers And Washers -- Defender/L663
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft - Active -- Defender/L663
    • Anti-Theft - Passive -- Defender/L663
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems -- Defender/L663
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Closures -- Defender/L663
    • Body Repairs - Vehicle Specific Information And Tolerance Checks -- Defender/L663
    • Body System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Bumpers -- Defender/L663
    • Exterior Body & Paint Pre-Delivery Inspection (PDI) Standards -- Defender/L663
    • Front End Body Panels -- Defender/L663
    • Roof Opening Panel -- Defender/L663
    • Roof Options -- Defender/L663
    • Water Leaks
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior -- Defender/L663
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation -- Defender/L663
    • Instrument Panel And Console -- Defender/L663
    • Interior -- Defender/L663
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation -- Defender/L663
  • Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
    • Full Frame And Body Mounting -- Defender/L663
    • Uni-Body, SUBFRAME And Mounting System -- Defender/L663
  • Rear View Mirrors -- Defender/L663
  • Seats
    • Seating -- Defender/L663 (Removal And Installation)
    • Seating -- Defender/L663 (Specifications - General Procedures)
  • Towing Systems
    • TOWBAR -- Defender/L663
    • Towing -- Defender/L663
  • Windows
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms -- Defender/L663
• Brakes
  • Brakes Control Systems
    • Braking Aid -- Defender/L663
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake Controls And Actuation -- Defender/L663
    • Brake System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Front Disc Brake -- Defender/L663
    • Rear Disc Brake -- Defender/L663
  • Parking Brake System
    • Parking Brake And Actuation -- Defender/L663
• Collision
  • General Collision Information
    • Water Leaks
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Front Drive HALFSHAFTS -- Defender/L663
    • Rear Drive HALFSHAFTS -- Defender/L663
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Front Drive Axle/Differential -- Defender/L663
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential -- Defender/L663
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Driveline System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Driveshaft -- Defender/L663
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: MHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: Non-Electric Vehicles -- Defender/L663
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: PHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Wiring Harnesses -- Defender/L663
  • Charging Systems
    • Battery And Charging System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Battery Charging - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol - Vehicles With: MHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: MHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: Non-Electric Vehicles -- Defender/L663
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: PHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Generator And Regulator - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Component Locations
    • Component Locations - Defender (Accessory Drive - Fuel Charging & Controls)
    • Component Locations - Defender (Fuel Charging & Controls - Wipers & Washers)
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Cluster -- Defender/L663
    • Instrument Panel And Console -- Defender/L663
    • Message Center -- Defender/L663
  • Horns
    • Horn -- Defender/L663
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: MHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: Non-Electric Vehicles -- Defender/L663
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables - Vehicles With: PHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Wiring Harnesses -- Defender/L663
  • Starter
    • Starting System - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Wiring Diagram Introduction
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Accessory Drive - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Engine Emission Control - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
    • Evaporative Emissions - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Blowers, Superchargers & Turbochargers
    • Fuel Charging And Controls - Turbocharger INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol/INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol PHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Supercharger Cooling - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Engine Cooling - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
    • Supercharger Cooling - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Exhaust System - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel Charging And Controls - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
    • Fuel Charging And Controls - Turbocharger INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol/INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol PHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Fuel System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Fuel Tank And Lines - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
    • Engine System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Intake Air Distribution And Filtering - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Starter
    • Starting System - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Acceleration Control -- Defender/L663
    • Auto Stop/Start System -- Defender/L663
    • Electronic Engine Controls - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
    • Intake Air Distribution And Filtering - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
    • Speed Control - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel Charging And Controls - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
    • Fuel Charging And Controls - Turbocharger INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol/INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol PHEV -- Defender/L663
    • Fuel System - General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Fuel Tank And Lines - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Ignition System
    • Engine Ignition - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Intake Air Distribution And Filtering - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Ignition - INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol -- Defender/L663
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
    • Map - Brake Systems
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
    • Metric Conversions
  • OEM General Information
    • General Information -- Defender/L663
    • Identification Codes -- Defender/L663
    • Jacking And Lifting -- Defender/L663
    • Pre-Delivery Inspection Manual -- Defender/L663
    • Safety -- Defender/L663
    • Showroom Preparation -- Defender/L663
    • Software Over The Air -- Defender/L663
    • Vehicle Transportation Aids And Vehicle Storage -- Defender/L663
  • Specifications Index
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC : Driver/Passenger/Rear Door Module (DDM/PDM/RDM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module (Abs) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Audio Amplifier Module (AAM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Body Control Module (BCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: CHASIS Control Module (CHCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Cruise Control Module -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Driver Assistance Domain Controller (DADC) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Driver/Passenger/Rear Seat Module (DSM/PSM/RSM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Gateway Module (GWM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Gear Shift Module (GSM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Head Up Display (HUD) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Headlamp Control Module (HCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: HVAC Control Module (HVAC) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Image Processing Module (IPMA) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Infotainment Compute Control Module (ICCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Infotainment Gateway Module (IGM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) Control Module - Midline Plus -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) Control Module -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Interactive Display Module A (IDMA) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Near Field Sensing Module (NFSM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Near Field Sensing Module B (NFSMB) 1 Camera System -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Power Steering Control Module (PSCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Rear Differential Control Module (RDCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Rear HVAC Control Module (RHVAC) - With Rear Air Conditioning -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Rear HVAC Control Module (RHVAC) - Without Rear Air Conditioning -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Remote Function Actuator (RFA) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Side Obstacle Detection Control Module - Left/Right (SODL/SODR) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Steering Angle Sensor Module -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: TELEMATIC Control Unit Module (TCU) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Tire Pressure Monitoring System Control Module (TPMSCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Tow Bar Control Module (TBM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Trailer Control Module (TRM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transfer Case Control Module (TCCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transmission Control Module (TCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transmission Control Module (TCM) For 8HP76/51 Transmission -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Transmission Control Switch (TCS) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Vehicle Immobilizer Control Module (Vim) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index DTC: Wireless Device Charger Module (WDCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol MHEV, DTC Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) (P064A-42 To U2300-87) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol MHEV, DTC: Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) (B1087-88 To P0205-19) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index INGENIUM I6 3.0L Petrol MHEV, DTC: Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) (P0206-13 To P0634-00) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With MHEV, DTC: Starter Generator Control Module (SGCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With PHEV, DTC: Electric Power Inverter Converter Control Module (Epic) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: MHEV DTC: Electric Power Inverter Converter Control Module "D" (EPICD) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: MHEV, DTC: Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: PHEV, DTC: Battery Charger Control Module (BCCM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index Vehicles With: PHEV, DTC: Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) -- Defender/L663
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index: Restraints Control Module (RCM) -- Defender/L663
    • General Procedures - Torque Wrench Extension Formula -- Defender/L663
    • Split Service Messaging Strategy -- Defender/L663
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
  • Towing
    • TOWBAR -- Defender/L663
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Auxiliary Climate Control -- Defender/L663
    • Climate Control -- Defender/L663
    • Climate Control System - General Information -- Defender/L663
• Restraints
  • Passive Restraints
    • SEATBELT System -- Defender/L663
    • Supplementary Restraint System -- Defender/L663
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering -- Defender/L663
    • Steering System - General Information -- Defender/L663
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering -- Defender/L663
    • Steering System - General Information -- Defender/L663
  • Steering Column And Steering Wheel -- Defender/L663
  • Steering Control Systems
    • Steering System - General Information -- Defender/L663
  • Steering Gear
    • Power Steering -- Defender/L663
    • Steering System - General Information -- Defender/L663
  • Steering Linkage
    • Steering Linkage -- Defender/L663
    • Steering System - General Information -- Defender/L663
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension
    • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension -- Defender/L663
  • Front Suspension -- Defender/L663
  • Rear Suspension -- Defender/L663
  • Suspension Control Systems
    • Ride And Handling Optimization -- Defender/L663
    • Suspension System - General Information -- Defender/L663
  • Land Rover Wheel Alignment Specifications - Defender
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Wheels And Tires -- Defender/L663
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission -- Defender/L663
    • Automatic Transmission Cooling -- Defender/L663
    • Four Wheel Drive Systems -- Defender/L663
  • Transfer Case -- Defender/L663
  • Transmission Control Systems
    • Automatic Transmission External Controls -- Defender/L663
• External Pages