Repair Instruction: Precaution

BASIC REPAIR HINT

HINTS ON OPERATIONS

Fig 1: Precaution - Hints On Operations
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
JACKING UP AND SUPPORTING VEHICLE
1. Care must be taken when jacking up and supporting the vehicle. Be sure to lift and support the vehicle at the proper locations.
PRECOATED PARTS
1. Precoated parts are bolts and nuts that are coated with a seal lock adhesive at the factory.
2. If a precoated part is retightened, loosened or moved in any way, it must be recoated with the specified adhesive.
3. When reusing a precoated part, clean off the old adhesive and dry the part with compressed air. Then apply new seal lock adhesive appropriate to that part.
  
  Fig 2: Identifying Seal Lock Adhesive On Bolts
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
4. Some seal lock agents harden slowly. You may have to wait for the seal lock adhesive to harden.
GASKETS
1. When necessary, use a sealer on gaskets to prevent leaks.
BOLTS, NUTS AND SCREWS
1. Carefully follow all the specifications for tightening torques. Always use a torque wrench.

FUSES

When inspecting a fuse, check that the wire of the fuse is not broken.
When replacing fuses, be sure that the new fuse has the correct amperage rating. Do not exceed the rating or use one with a lower rating.

Fig 3: Identifying Fuses Correct And Incorrect Condition

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

FUSES SPECIFICATION

Illustration	Symbol	Part Name	Abbreviation
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	FUSE	FUSE
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	MEDIUM CURRENT FUSE	M-FUSE
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	HIGH CURRENT FUSE	H-FUSE
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	FUSIBLE LINK	FL
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002	CIRCUIT BREAKER	CB

CLIPS
1. The removal and installation methods of typical clips used for vehicle body parts are shown in the table below.
  HINT:
  
  If clips are damaged during work, always replace the damaged clip with a new one.
  
  Fig 4: Identifying Removal And Installation Methods Of Typical Clips
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION OF VACUUM HOSES
1. To disconnect a vacuum hose, pull and twist from the end of the hose. Do not pull from the middle of the hose as this may damage the hose.
  
  Fig 5: Identifying Correct And Incorrect Procedure For Vacuum Hose Disconnecting
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. When disconnecting vacuum hoses, use tags to identify where they should be reconnected.
3. After completing any hose related repairs, double check that the vacuum hoses are properly connected. The label under the hood shows the proper layout.
4. When using a vacuum gauge, never force the hose onto a connector that is too large. If a hose has been stretched, air may leak. Use a step-down adapter if necessary.
Fig 6: Identifying Correct Vacuum Hoses According To Tags
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

TORQUE WHEN USING TORQUE WRENCH WITH EXTENSION TOOL

Fig 7: Identifying Length Of Extension Tool And Torque Wrench

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Use the formula below to calculate special torque values for situations where SST or an extension tool is combined with the torque wrench.

Formula: T' = L2/(L1 + L2) * T

Fig 8: Identifying Length Of Extension Tool And Torque Wrench

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

TORQUE VALUES

T'	Reading of torque wrench {Nm (kgfcm, ft.*lbf)}
T	Torque {Nm (kgfcm, ft.*lbf)}
L1	Length of SST or extension tool {cm (in.)}
L2	Length of torque wrench {cm (in.)}

NOTE: If an extension tool or SST is combined with a torque wrench and the wrench is used to tighten to a torque specification in this manual, the actual torque will be excessive and parts will be damaged.

PRECAUTIONS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT INSPECTION AND SERVICE
NOTE: The RX400h hybrid system contains a 288V high-voltage system with a strong alkali solution of potassium hydroxide. Be sure to follow the instructions in this manual to handle the system correctly. Failure to do so may result in serious injury or electrocution.
1. Engineer must undergo special training to be able to perform high-voltage system inspection and servicing.
2. All high-voltage wire harness connectors are colored orange. The HV battery and other high-voltage components have "High Voltage" caution labels. Do not carelessly touch these wires and components.
3. Before inspecting or servicing the high-voltage system, be sure to follow safety measures, such as wearing insulated gloves and removing the service plug to prevent electrocution. Carry the removed service plug in your pocket to prevent other technicians from reinstalling it while your are servicing the vehicle.
  
  Fig 9: Removing Service Plug
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  NOTE: Do not put the vehicle into the READY-on state after removing the service plug grip as the ECU may be damaged.
4. After removing the service plug, wait 5 minutes before touching any of the high-voltage connectors and terminals.
  HINT:
  
  5 minutes are required to discharge the high-voltage condenser inside the inverter.
5. Before wearing insulated gloves, make sure that they are not cracked, ruptured, torn, or damaged in any way. Do not wear wet insulated gloves.
  
  Fig 10: Precaution For Wearing Insulated Gloves
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
6. When servicing the vehicle, do not carry metal objects like mechanical pencils or scales that can be dropped accidentally and cause a short circuit.
7. Before touching a bare high-voltage terminal, wear insulated gloves and use a tester to make sure that the terminal voltage is 0 V.
8. After disconnecting or exposing a high-voltage connector or terminal, insulate it immediately using insulation tape.
9. The screw of a high-voltage terminal should be tightened firmly to the specified torque. Both insufficient and excessive torque can cause failure.
10. Use the "CAUTION: HIGH VOLTAGE. DO NOT TOUCH DURING OPERATION" sign to notify other engineers that a high-voltage system is being inspected and/or repaired.
  
  Fig 12: Caution Description Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
11. After servicing the high-voltage system and before reinstalling the service plug, check again that you have not left a part or tool inside, that the high-voltage terminal screws are firmly tightened, and that the connectors are correctly connected.
12. Do not place the battery upside down while removing and installing it.

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN THE WARNING LIGHT IS LIT

Fig 13: Identifying Warning Lights

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

If one of the warning lights (2) to (5) becomes lit, connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3 connector to check the DTCs (Diagnostic Trouble Codes). Then, refer to the applicable troubleshooting steps in this manual to inspect and repair the affected area. The foregoing actions are also required if the READY light does not illuminate when the vehicle is first started.

WARNING LIGHT AND VEHICLE CONDITION

Warning Light	Vehicle Condition
(1) READY (TO DRIVE)	Illuminates when the ignition switch is turned to the START position, this indicates that the vehicle is ready to be driven.
(2) Master Warning Light	Blinks, illuminates, or sounds a buzzer that is synchronized with the warning light of the multi-display. Driving with doors opened Parking brake applied Washer fluid shortage VSC system malfunction Low Engine oil pressure Engine coolant temperature malfunction Hybrid system malfunction 4WD system malfunction Moon roof is opened Shift lever is in the P position
(3) HV Battery Warning Light	Illuminates when the hybrid vehicle battery is depleted. (This occurs when the vehicle remains parked for a prolonged length of time.) Illuminates when SOC (state of charge) is low. (This occurs when the vehicle is being powered by the motor, due to a system malfunction. After the malfunction is repaired, the hybrid vehicle battery can be used.)
(4) Auxiliary Battery Charge Warning Light	Illuminates when there is a malfunction in the charging system. (Be sure to check the DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) if this light illuminates together with MASTER WARNING.)
(5) Check Engine Warning Light	Illuminates when there is a malfunction in the engine control system. (Illuminates with the ignition switch ON.)

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN BATTERIES ARE DEPLETED

HINT:

The LEXUS RX400h uses a 12 V auxiliary and a 288 V hybrid vehicle battery. Therefore, there are two recharging methods when the batteries are depleted.

Perform this procedure when the auxiliary battery is fully depleted.

HINT:

The following problems indicate that the auxiliary battery is depleted:

No display appears on the instrument panel when the ignition switch is set to ON.
The hybrid system does not start.
The headlights are dim.
The sound from the horn is weak.

CAUTION: Never use a quick charger.

Move the shift lever to the P position and engage the parking brake.
Remove the key from the ignition switch
Remove the 2 clips and engine room cover side.

Fig 14: Identifying Engine Room Cover Side Clips
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Using a booster cable, connect the 12 V battery of the rescue vehicle and the auxiliary battery of the stalled vehicle, as shown in the illustration.

Fig 15: Connecting Battery Of Rescue Vehicle And Auxiliary Battery Of Stalled Vehicle

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

BATTERY CONNECTING SEQUENCE AND LOCATION

Connecting Sequence	Connecting Location
1	Positive battery terminal of stalled vehicle
2	Positive battery terminal of rescue vehicle
3	Negative battery terminal of rescue vehicle
4	Bracket on the cylinder head cover

Start the engine of the rescue vehicle and run the engine at a speed slightly higher than usual.
Put the vehicle into the READY-on state to start the hybrid system.
NOTE: Immediately disconnect the booster cable in the reverse order of connection after the hybrid system and the engine have started. Do not leave the booster cable connected because it is not designed for recharging purposes.

Fig 16: Identifying Hybrid Vehicle Battery Warning Light
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

If the hybrid system fails to start and the HV warning light turns ON, the HV battery may be depleted.

When the hybrid vehicle battery is depleted:
Replace the hybrid vehicle battery.

HINT:

When the hybrid vehicle battery is depleted, the HYBRID VEHICLE BATTERY WARNING illuminates, and DTC P3000-389 is stored in the hybrid ECU.

INSPECTION MODE
HINT:
- If the engine is warmed up and the battery is charged, the engine of RX400h will stop after the vehicle stops. Therefore, if the engine is required to run continuously even after the vehicle stops, such as for an ignition timing check, switch to the 4WD inspection mode.
- The RX400h is equipped with the 4WD system by which the rear wheels are electronically controlled by the motor, VSC system, and TRC system. Therefore, it is necessary to switch to the 2WD operation mode and cancel all of these systems when only the front wheels are required to be rotated on a chassis dynamometer.
1. Change to the inspection mode.
2. Activating 2WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
  Perform the following steps from ( 1) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
  1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
  3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission N position.
  4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
3. Activating 2WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
  1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
  2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
  4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD1 / ON.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
4. Activating 4WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
  Perform the following steps from ( 4) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
  1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
  3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission N position.
  4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
5. Activating 4WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
  1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
  2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
  4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD3 / ON.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.

SPECIAL NOTES FOR VEHICLE INSPECTION

CAUTION: If the vehicle is run in the 2WD inspection mode, for such as a speedometer test, a DTC may be output. Therefore, if the warning light comes on, after canceling the 2WD inspection mode, check for DTCs using the intelligent tester and clear the DTCs.

Vehicle conditions

Before activating inspection mode, turn the air conditioning off, start the engine with the shift lever in the P position, and check the engine stops within several seconds after starting (engine warm up check).

Activate inspection mode and inspect the vehicle.

Shift position for each test

SHIFT POSITION CHART

Test item	Inspection mode	Shift position
1. Vehicle straight travelling test (side slip inspection)	4WD inspection mode or normal	D
2. Braking force test	4WD inspection mode or normal	N
3. Speedometer test	2WD inspection mode	D
4. Exhaust gas test (idling)	4WD inspection mode	P
5. Headlight test	4WD inspection mode or normal	P

Reset inspection mode immediately after completion of inspection.

CAUTION: After canceling the inspection mode, turn the ignition switch ON again and check that the warning light is OFF.

Special notes for speedometer test
CAUTION:
- Be sure to perform the test in the 2WD inspection mode.
- Do not use the speedometer tester to perform rapid starting or quick acceleration/deceleration without first setting the proper load on the vehicle. Failing to set the load may damage the transaxle.
1. Depress the accelerator pedal slowly and gradually accelerate the vehicle. Make a measurement.
2. After the measurement, use the brake to gradually decelerate the vehicle.
Special notes for using the chassis dynamometer
1. Always set an appropriate load before starting the test.
NOTE: Suddenly acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle on a chassis dynamometer under minimal load may damage the transaxle.
Activating 2WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
Perform the following steps from ( 4) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission N position.
4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
Activating 2WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD1 / ON.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
Activating 4WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
Perform the following steps from ( 4) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission N position.
4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
Activating 4WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD3 / ON.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
Deactivating inspection mode
1. Turn the ignition switch off. The HV main system turns off simultaneously.
  CAUTION:
  - The idling speed in inspection mode is approximately 1,000 rpm. The engine speed increases to 1,500 rpm if the accelerator pedal is depressed by less than 60 %. If the accelerator pedal is depressed by more than 60%, the engine speed increases to 2,500 rpm.
  - If a DTC is set during inspection mode, the master warning light and the warning massage illuminate on the multi-information display.
  - When the master warning light illuminates during the inspection mode, deactivate the inspection mode, and check DTC(s).
  - Driving the vehicle without deactivating the inspection mode may damage the transaxle.

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN FOR VEHICLE DAMAGED BY IMPACT
NOTE: The RX400h hybrid system contains a 288V high-voltage system with a strong alkali solution of potassium hydroxide. Be sure to follow the instructions in this manual to handle the system correctly. Failure to do so may result in serious injury or electrocution.
1. Items to be prepared or operation at the accident site
  - Protective clothing (insulated gloves, rubber gloves, goggles, and safety shoes)
  - Saturated boric acid solution 20 L (obtain 800 g of boric acid powder, put it into a container, and dissolve it in water)
  - Red litmus paper
  - ABC fire extinguisher (effective against both oil flames and electrical flames)
  - A shop rag or piece of cloth (for wiping off the electrolyte)
  - Insulation tape (for insulating cable)
  - Electrical tester
2. Actions to be taken at the accident site
  NOTE: Do not touch a bare cable that may have high-voltage. If the cable must be touched or if accidental contract is unavoidable, wear insulated gloves and insulate the cable using insulation tape.
  - If the vehicle catches on fire, use an ABC fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. Trying to extinguish a fire using only a small amount of water can be more dangerous than effective. Use a substantial amount of water or wait for fire fighters.
  - Visually check the HV battery and the immediate area for any electrolyte leakage. Do not touch any leaked liquid because it could be highly alkaline electrolyte.
  - Work on the vehicle only after the vehicle has been pulled out of the water.
  1. Check the vicinity of the hybrid vehicle battery for any leakage of the electrolyte.
    NOTE: Do not touch any leaked liquid because it could be highly alkaline electrolyte. Wear rubber gloves and goggles, neutralize the liquid with saturated boric acid solution, and then apply red litmus paper to the leak. Check that the paper does not turn blue. Wipe the neutralized liquid with a shop rag or piece of cloth.
  2. If damage to any of the high-voltage components and cable is suspected, cut the high-voltage circuit using the procedure on the following pages.
    
    Fig 17: Identifying Hybrid Battery, Vehicle Transaxle Assembly And Rear Traction Motor (4WD)
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Turn the ignition switch off.
    HINT:
    
    If the ignition switch cannot be turned off, remove the IGCT No.1 fuse from the HV relay block or disconnect the cable from the negative terminal of the auxiliary battery.
    
    Fig 18: Identifying IGCT No.1 Fuse Location
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  4. Wear insulated gloves, and then remove the service plug.
  NOTE: Be sure to install the service plug before turning on the ignition switch. Starting the hybrid system with the service plug removed may damage the ECU.
3. Moving the damaged vehicle
  If any of the following conditions are met, tow the vehicle away using a tow truck.
  - One or more of the high-voltage components and cables are damaged.
  - The driving, traction, or fuel system is damaged.
  - The master warning light is on.
  - The READY light does not come on when the vehicle is in the READY-on state.
  CAUTION:
  - Before towing the vehicle away using a tow truck, disconnect the cable from the negative (-) terminal of the auxiliary battery and remove the service plug.
  Fig 19: Identifying Vehicle Ready Light
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  NOTE: Perform the procedure below if the READY light turns off, or there are abnormal noises, unusual smells, or strong vibrations while driving:
  1. Park the vehicle in a safe place.
  2. Shift the shift lever to the "P" position, and apply the parking brake.
  3. Turn the ignition switch off, and disconnect the power cable from the negative (-) terminal of the auxiliary battery.
  4. Remove the service plug while wearing insulated gloves.
4. Actions required after moving the damaged vehicle
  1. Procedure
    If you see any liquid on the road surface, it could be highly alkaline electrolyte leakage.
    
    Wear rubber gloves and goggles, neutralize the liquid with saturated boric acid solution, and then apply red litmus paper to the leak. Check that the paper does not turn blue. Wipe the neutralized liquid with a shop rag or piece of cloth.
5. Items to be prepared (when repairing damaged vehicles)
  - Protective clothing (Insulated gloves, rubber gloves, goggles, and safety shoes)
  - Saturated boric acid solution 20 L (obtain 800 g of boric acid powder, put it into a container, and dissolve it in water)
  - Red litmus paper
  - Shop rags (for wiping off the electrolyte)
  - Vinyl tape (for insulating cable)
  - Electrical tester
6. Precautions to be observed when servicing the damaged vehicle
  NOTE: Always follow instructions to ensure safety.
  1. Wear insulated or rubber gloves, goggles, and safety shoes.
  2. Check the HV battery and immediate area for any electrolyte leakage.
    Do not touch any leaked liquid because it could be highly alkaline electrolyte. Wear rubber gloves and goggles, neutralize the liquid with saturated boric acid solution, and then apply red litmus paper to the leak. Check that the paper does not turn blue. Wipe the neutralized liquid with a shop rag or piece of cloth.
    NOTE:
    If the electrolyte comes in contact with your skin, use a saturated boric acid solution or a large amount of water to wash it off. If the electrolyte comes in contact with an article of clothing, take it off immediately.
    
    If the electrolyte comes in contact with your eyes, call out loudly for help. Do not rub your eyes. Wash them immediately with a large amount of water and seek medical care.
  3. Do not touch a bare cable that could be a high voltage cable. If the cable must be touched or if accidental contact is unavailable, follow the following instructions: 1) wear insulated or rubber gloves and goggles, 2) measure the voltage between the cable and the body ground using an electrical tester, and 3) insulate the cable using insulation tape.
  4. If damage to any of the high-voltage components and cables is suspected, cut the high-voltage circuit using the procedure below.
    NOTE: Do not touch a bare cable that may have high-voltage. If the cable must be touched or if accidental contract is unavoidable, wear insulated gloves and insulate the cable using insulation tape.
  5. Turn the ignition switch off.
    HINT:
    
    If the ignition switch cannot be turned off, remove the IGCT No.1 fuse from the HV relay block or disconnect the cable from the negative terminal of the auxiliary battery.
  6. Wear insulated gloves, and then remove the service plug.
7. Precautions to be taken when disposing of the vehicle
  1. Disposing of HV battery
    When scrapping the vehicle, remove the HV battery from the vehicle and return it to the location specified by the manufacturer. Any damaged HV battery should also be returned to the specified location.
  CAUTION:
  - After removing the battery, keep it away from water. Water may heat the battery, which results in fire.
  - Accidents such as electric shocks could result if the vehicle and its hybrid vehicle battery are disposed of improperly or abandoned. Therefore, make sure to return any hybrid battery to the prescribed recovery route through a LEXUS dealer.
8. Precautions to be observed when towing
  1. Tow the damaged vehicle with its front and rear wheels lifted off the ground.
    CAUTION: Towing the damaged vehicle with its front wheels on the ground may cause the motor to generate electricity. This electricity could, depending on the nature of the damage, leak and cause a fire.
9. Towing with the 4 wheels on the ground
  CAUTION:
  - If the damaged vehicle needs to be towed using a rope, do not exceed 30 km/h (19 mph) and tow a limit distance and then have the vehicle towed by a truck.
  - Turn the ignition switch to the ON position and shift the selector lever to the N position.
  - If any abnormality is present in the damaged vehicle during towing, stop towing immediately.
FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH SRS AIRBAG AND SEAT BELT PRETENSIONER
The LEXUS RX400h is equipped with a Supplemental Restraint System (SRS).

CAUTION: Failure to carry out the service operations in the correct sequence could cause the SRS to unexpectedly deploy during servicing and lead to serious injury. Furthermore, if a mistake is made when servicing SRS, it is possible that the SRS may fail to operate properly. Before servicing (including removal or installation of parts, inspection or replacement), be sure to read the following section carefully.
1. GENERAL NOTICE
  1. As malfunctions of the SRS are difficult to confirm, the Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) become the most important source of information when troubleshooting. When troubleshooting the SRS, always check the DTCs before disconnecting the battery.
  2. Work must be started at least 90 seconds after the ignition switch is turned off and after the cable is disconnected from the negative (-) battery terminal.
    The SRS is equipped with a back-up power source. If work is started within 90 seconds after turning the ignition switch off and disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal, the SRS may deploy.
    
    When the cable is disconnected from the negative (-) battery terminal, clock and audio system memory is erased. Before starting work, make a note of the settings of each memory system. When work is finished, reset the clock and audio system as before.
    
    CAUTION: Never use a back-up power source (battery or other) to avoid erasing system memory. The back-up power source may inadvertently power the SRS and cause it to deploy.
  3. In minor collisions where the SRS does not deploy, the steering pad, front passenger airbag assembly, driver side knee airbag assembly, front seat side airbag assembly, curtain shield airbag assembly and front seat outer belt assembly should be inspected before further use of the vehicle.
    (See DISPOSAL for steering pad)
    
    (See DISPOSAL for front passenger airbag assembly)
    
    (See DISPOSAL for front seat side airbag assembly)
    
    (See FRONT SEAT SIDE AIRBAG for driver side knee airbag assembly)
    
    (See DISPOSAL for curtain shield airbag assembly)
    
    (See DISPOSAL for front seat outer belt assembly)
  4. Never use SRS parts from another vehicle. When replacing parts, use new parts.
  5. Before repairs, remove the airbag sensor assemblies if impacts are likely to be applied to the sensor during repairs.
  6. Never disassemble and attempt to repair all airbag sensor assemblies and all airbag assemblies.
    1. Steering pad
    2. Front passenger airbag assembly
    3. Driver side knee airbag assembly
    4. Front seat side airbag assembly
    5. Curtain shield airbag assembly
    6. Front seat outer belt assembly
  7. Replace the airbag sensor assemblies and the airbag assemblies if: 1) damage has occurred from being dropped, or 2) cracks, dents or other defects in the case, bracket or connector are present.
  8. Do not directly expose the airbag sensor assembly or airbag assembly to hot air or flames.
  9. Use a voltmeter / ohmmeter with high impedance (minimum=10 kΩ) for troubleshooting electrical circuits.
  10. Information labels are attached to the SRS components. Follow the instructions on the labels.
  11. After work on the SRS is completed, check the SRS warning light.
2. SPIRAL CABLE
  1. The steering wheel must be fitted correctly to the steering column with the spiral cable at the neutral position, as cable disconnection and other problems may occur. Refer to the information about correct installation of the steering wheel (See REMOVAL ).
  Fig 20: Identifying Spiral Cable
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. STEERING PAD
  1. Always place a removed or new steering pad surface upward as shown in the illustration. Placing the steering pad of the pad surface facing down could cause a serious accident if the airbag inflates. Also, do not place anything on top of the steering pad.
    
    Fig 21: Identifying Correct Way Of Placing Steering Pad
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  2. Never measure the resistance of the airbag squib. This may cause the airbag to inflate, which could cause serious injury.
    
    Fig 22: Precaution - Never Measure Resistance Of Airbag Squib
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Grease or detergents of any kind should not be applied to the steering pad.
  4. Store the steering pad in an area where the ambient temperature is below 93°C (200°F), the humidity is not high and there is no electrical noise.
  5. When using electric welding anywhere on the vehicle, disconnect the center airbag sensor assembly connectors. These connectors contain shorting springs. This feature reduces the possibility of the airbag deploying due to current entering the squib wiring.
  6. When disposing of the vehicle or the steering pad by itself, the airbag should be deployed using SST before disposal (See DISPOSAL ). Activate the airbag in a safe place away from electrical noise.
4. FRONT PASSENGER AIRBAG ASSEMBLY
  1. Always place a removed or new front passenger airbag assembly with the pad surface facing upward as shown in the illustration. Placing the airbag assembly with the airbag inflation direction facing down could cause a serious accident if the airbag inflates.
    
    Fig 23: Identifying Correct Way Of Placing Front Passenger Airbag Assembly
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  2. Never measure the resistance of the airbag squib. This may cause the airbag to inflate, which could cause serious injury.
    
    Fig 24: Precaution - Never Measure Resistance Of Airbag Squib
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Grease or detergents of any kind should not be applied to the front passenger airbag assembly.
  4. Store the airbag assembly in an area where the ambient temperature is below 93°C (200°F), the humidity is not high and there is no electrical noise.
  5. When using electric welding anywhere on the vehicle, disconnect the center airbag sensor assembly connectors. These connectors contain shorting springs. This feature reduces the possibility of the airbag deploying due to current entering the squib wiring.
  6. When disposing of the vehicle or the airbag assembly unit by itself, the airbag should be deployed using SST before disposal (See DISPOSAL ). Activate in a safe place, away from electrical noise.
5. DRIVER SIDE KNEE AIRBAG ASSEMBLY AND FRONT PASSENGER SIDE KNEE AIRBAG ASSEMBLY
  1. Always place a removed or new knee airbag assembly with the airbag inflation direction facing upward. Placing the airbag assembly with the airbag inflation direction facing downward could cause a serious accident if the airbag inflates.
    
    Fig 25: Identifying Correct Way Of Placing Front Driver And Passenger Side Knee Airbag Assembly
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  2. Never measure the resistance of the airbag squib. This may cause the airbag to inflate, which could cause serious injury.
    
    Fig 26: Precaution - Never Measure Resistance Of Airbag Squib
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Grease or detergents of any kind should not be applied to the knee airbag assembly.
  4. Store the knee airbag assembly where the ambient temperature is below 93°C (200°F), the humidity is not high and there is no electrical noise.
  5. When using electric welding anywhere on the vehicle, disconnect the center airbag sensor assembly connectors. These connectors contain shorting springs. This feature reduces the possibility of the airbag deploying due to current entering the squib wiring.
  6. When disposing of a vehicle or knee airbag assembly unit by itself, the airbag should be inflated using SST before disposal (See DISPOSAL ). Activate in a safe place, away from electrical noise.
6. FRONT SEAT SIDE AIRBAG ASSEMBLY
  1. Always place a removed or new front seat side airbag assembly with the airbag inflation direction facing up.
  2. Never measure the resistance of the airbag squib. This may cause the airbag to inflate, which could cause serious injury.
    
    Fig 27: Precaution - Never Measure Resistance Of Airbag Squib
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Grease or detergents of any kind should not be applied to the front seat side airbag assembly.
  4. Store the airbag assembly in an area where the ambient temperature is below 93°C (200°F), the humidity is not high and there is no electrical noise.
  5. When using electric welding anywhere on the vehicle, disconnect the center airbag sensor assembly connectors. These connectors contain shorting springs. This feature reduces the possibility of the airbag deploying due to current entering the squib wiring.
  6. When disposing of a vehicle or the airbag assembly unit by itself, the airbag should be deployed using SST before disposal (See FRONT SEAT SIDE AIRBAG ). Activate in a safe place away from electrical noise.
7. CURTAIN SHIELD AIRBAG ASSEMBLY
  1. Always place a removed or new curtain shield airbag assembly in a clear plastic bag, and keep it in a safe place.
    
    Fig 28: Identifying Correct Way Of Placing Curtain Shield Airbag Assembly
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    
    CAUTION: The plastic bag is not reusable.
    
    NOTE: Never disassemble the curtain shield airbag assembly.
  2. Never measure the resistance of the airbag squib. This may cause the airbag to inflate, which could cause serious injury.
    
    Fig 29: Precaution - Never Measure Resistance Of Airbag Squib
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Grease or detergents of any kind should not be applied to the curtain shield airbag assembly.
  4. Store the airbag assembly in an area where the ambient temperature is below 93°C (200°F), the humidity is not high and there is no electrical noise.
  5. When using electric welding anywhere on the vehicle, disconnect the center airbag sensor assembly connectors. These connectors contain shorting springs. This feature reduces the possibility of the airbag deploying due to current entering the squib wiring.
  6. When disposing of a vehicle or the airbag assembly unit by itself, the airbag should be deployed using SST before disposal (See DISPOSAL ). Activate in a safe place away from electrical noise.
8. FRONT SEAT OUTER BELT ASSEMBLY (SEAT BELT PRETENSIONER)
  1. Never measure the resistance of the front seat outer belt. This may cause the pretensioner of the front seat outer belt to activate, which could cause serious injury.
    
    Fig 30: Precaution - Never Measure Resistance Of Front Seat Outer Belt
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  2. Never disassemble the front seat outer belt.
  3. Never install the front seat outer belt on another vehicle.
  4. Store the front seat outer belt in an area where the ambient temperature is below 80°C (176°F), the humidity is not high and there is no electrical noise.
  5. When using electric welding anywhere on the vehicle, disconnect the center airbag sensor assembly connectors. These connectors contain shorting springs. This feature reduces the possibility of the airbag deploying due to current entering the squib wiring.
  6. When disposing of a vehicle or the front seat outer belt unit by itself, the front seat outer belt should be activated before disposal (See DISPOSAL ). Activate in a safe place away from electrical noise.
  7. As the front seat outer belt is hot after being activated, allow some time for it to cool down sufficiently before disposal. Never apply water to cool down the seat outer belt.
  8. Grease, detergents, oil or water should not be applied to the front seat outer belt.
9. CENTER AIRBAG SENSOR ASSEMBLY
  1. Never reuse an center airbag sensor assembly that has been involved in a collision where the SRS has deployed.
  2. The connectors to the center airbag sensor assembly should be connected or disconnected with the sensor placed on the floor. If the connectors are connected or disconnected while the center airbag sensor assembly is not placed on the floor, the SRS may activate.
  3. Work must be started at least 90 seconds after the ignition switch is turned off and the cable is disconnected from the negative (-) battery terminal, even if only loosening the set bolts of the center airbag sensor assembly.
10. WIRE HARNESS AND CONNECTOR
  1. All the connectors in the system are a standard yellow color. If the SRS wire harness becomes disconnected or the connector becomes broken, repair or replace it.
ELECTRONIC CONTROL
1. REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION OF BATTERY TERMINAL
  NOTE: Certain systems need to be initialized after disconnecting and reconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal.
  
  Fig 31: Disconnecting Cable From Negative Battery Terminal
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  1. Before performing electronic work, disconnect the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal to prevent component and wire damage caused by accidental short circuits.
  2. When disconnecting the cable, turn the ignition switch and headlight dimmer switch off and loosen the cable nut completely. Perform these operations without twisting or prying the cable. Then disconnect the cable.
  3. Clock settings, radio settings, audio system memory, DTCs and other data are erased when the cable is disconnected from the negative (-) battery terminal. Write down any necessary data before disconnecting the cable.
2. HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC PARTS
  1. Do not open the cover or case of the ECU unless absolutely necessary. If the IC terminals are touched, the IC may be rendered inoperative by static electricity.
  2. Do not pull the wires when disconnecting electronic connectors. Pull the connector itself.
  3. Do not drop electronic components, such as sensors or relays. If they are dropped on a hard surface, they should be replaced.
    
    Fig 32: Precaution - Handling Of Electronic Parts
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  4. When cleaning the engine with steam, protect the electronic components, air filter and emission-related components from water.
  5. Never use an impact wrench to remove or install temperature switches or temperature sensors.
  6. When measuring the resistance between terminals of a wire connector, insert the tester probe carefully to prevent terminals from bending.
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION OF FUEL CONTROL PARTS
1. PLACE FOR REMOVING AND INSTALLING FUEL SYSTEM PARTS
  1. Work in a location with good air ventilation that does not have welders, grinders, drills, electric motors, stoves, or any other ignition sources.
  2. Never work in a pit or near a pit as vaporized fuel will collect in those places.
2. REMOVING AND INSTALLING FUEL SYSTEM PARTS
  1. Prepare a fire extinguisher before starting the operation.
  2. To prevent static electricity, install a ground wire to the fuel changer, vehicle and fuel tank, do not spray the surrounding area with water. Be careful when performing work in this area, as the work surface will become slippery. Do not clean up gasoline spills with water, as this may cause the gasoline to spread, and possibly create a fire hazard.
  3. Avoid using electric motors, working lights and other electric equipments that can cause sparks or high temperatures.
  4. Avoid using iron hammers as they may create sparks.
  5. Dispose of fuel-contaminated cloth separately using a fire resistant container.
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION OF ENGINE INTAKE PARTS
1. If any metal particles enter inlet system parts, this may damage the engine.
2. When removing and installing inlet system parts, cover the openings of the removed parts and engine openings. Use gummed tape or other suitable materials.
  
  Fig 33: Identifying Engine Intake Parts
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. When installing inlet system parts, check that no metal particles have entered the engine or the installed parts.
HANDLING OF HOSE CLAMPS
1. Before removing the hose, check the clamp position so that it can be reinstalled in the same position.
2. Replace any deformed or dented clamps with new ones.
3. When reusing a hose, attach the clamp on the clamp track portion of the hose.
4. For a spring type clamp, you may want to spread the tabs slightly after installation by pushing in the direction of the arrows as shown in the illustration.
FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
1. Install the antenna far away from the ECU and sensors of the vehicle electronic systems as possible.
2. Install an antenna feeder at least 20 cm (7.87 in.) away from the ECU and sensors of the vehicle electronic systems. For details about ECU and sensors locations, refer to the section on the applicable components.
  
  Fig 35: Identifying Antenna
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Keep the antenna and feeder separate from other wirings as much as possible. This will prevent signals sent from the communication equipment from affecting vehicle equipment and vice-versa.
4. Check that the antenna and feeder are correctly adjusted.
5. Do not install any high-powered mobile communication system.

WHEN SERVICING FULL-TIME 4WD VEHICLES

Braking Force Test (Vehicle Speed : Below 0.5 km/h or 0.3 mph)
When performing low-speed type brake tester measurements, observe the following instructions:
1. Position the wheels to be tested (front or rear) on the tester.
2. Shift the transaxle shift lever to the "N" position.
3. READY ON and perform the breaking force test.
Speedometer Test
Activating 2WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
Perform the following steps from ( 4) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission N position.
  
  Fig 37: Identifying Wheels Position On 4-Wheel Driven Chassis Dynamometer
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
Activating 2WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD1 / ON.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
Activating 4WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
Perform the following steps from ( 4) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission N position.
4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.

Activating 4WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)

Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
Turn the intelligent tester on.
Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD3 / ON.
Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.

Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.

NOTE: If you do not observe the following conditions for the test, there will be the cases where the 4WD functions will deteriorate; the parts in the drive-train system will have a malfunction; the vehicle will jump out. Therefore, do not conduct a test unless observing the following conditions.

HINT:

When conducting a test under a large load at high speeds, observe the following conditions:

CONDITION CHART

No.	Chassis Dynamometer Type	Vehicle Speed and Test Time
1	4-Wheel Driven Chassis Dynamometer	No restriction

NOTE:

Do not suddenly accelerate and do not suddenly apply brake.
Confirm that the vehicle is securely immobilized.
Never operate the brakes to drive the wheels or stop them suddenly.

On-Vehicle Wheel Balancing
When doing on-vehicle wheel balancing on a full-time 4WD vehicle, to prevent the wheels from each other, always observe the following precautions:
1. All 4 wheels should be jacked up, clearing the ground completely.
2. The parking brake lever should be fully released.
3. None of the brakes should be allowed to drag.
4. The wheels should be driven on the wheel balancer with the inspection mode.
HINT:

When doing this, be careful of the other wheels, which will rotate at the same time.
Activating 4WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
Perform the following steps from ( 4) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission N position.
4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
Activating 4WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD3 / ON.
5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
7. Avoid sudden acceleration, deceleration and braking.
8. Carry out wheel balancing with the transaxle in the D position.

FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL (VSC) SYSTEM
1. NOTICES WHEN USING DRUM TESTER
2. Activating 2WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
  Perform the following steps from ( 4) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
  1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
    
    Fig 39: Identifying DLC3 Connector Terminals
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission N position.
  4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal twice times with the transmission P position.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
3. Activating 2WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
  1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
  2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
  4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD1 / ON.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
4. Activating 4WD inspection mode (Not using the intelligent tester)
  Perform the following steps from ( 1) through ( 4) in 60 seconds.
  1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
  3. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission N position.
  4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal four with the transmission P position.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashed on the multi-information display.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
5. Activating 4WD inspection mode (Using the intelligent tester)
  1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
  2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
  3. Turn the intelligent tester on.
  4. Select following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / OBD / MOBD / HV ECU / ACTIVE TEST / INSPECTION MOD3 / ON.
  5. Check that the HV system warning light flashers on the multi-information display and the master warning light is illuminated in the combination meter.
  6. Start the engine by turning the ignition switch while depressing the brake pedal.
  7. Before beginning testing, disable the VSC. To disable the VSC, turn the ignition switch off and connect SST to terminals TS and CG of the DLC3.
  SST 09843-18040
  NOTE:
  - Confirm that the VSC warning light blinks.
  - VSC system will be reset when the engine is restarted.
  - For safety, secure the vehicle with restraint chains while using a wheel dynamometer.
6. NOTICES OF RELATED OPERATIONS TO VSC
  1. Do not carry out unnecessary installation and removal as it might affect the adjustment of VSC related parts.
  2. Be sure to follow the instructions for work preparation and final confirmation of proper operation of the VSC system.
WHEN TOWING FULL-TIME 4WD VEHICLES
1. Use one of the methods shown below to tow the vehicle.
2. If the vehicle has trouble with the chassis or drive train, use method 1 (flat bed truck).
  
  Fig 40: Vehicle Towing Method Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  NOTE: Do not use any towing method other than those shown above.
3. 4WD only:
  The towing methods shown below are dangerous and can damage the vehicle, so do not use them.
  
  Fig 41: Precaution - Towing Vehicle
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH CATALYTIC CONVERTER
CAUTION: If a large amount of unburned gasoline or gasoline vapors flow into the converter, it may cause overheating and create a fire hazard. To prevent this, observe the following precautions:
1. Use only unleaded gasoline.
2. Avoid idling the engine for more than 20 minutes.
3. Avoid performing unnecessary spark jump tests.
  1. Perform a spark jump test only when absolutely necessary. Perform this test as rapidly as possible.
  2. While testing, never race the engine.
4. Avoid a prolonged engine compression measurement. Engine compression measurements must be performed as rapidly as possible.
5. Do not run the engine when the fuel tank is nearly empty. This may cause the engine to misfire and create an extra load on the converter.