Technical Service Bulletins
- A/C Compressor
- Air Bag, SRS
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Anti-Theft Systems
- Keypad Diagnostics - Dealer Installed Accessory (06-15-8)
- Body-Corrosion At Bottom Of Door Or Tailgate Hem Flange - Repair Procedure (04-18-11)
- Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) - Service Tips (03-18-1)
- Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Service Tips (01-6-2)
- Lock Service Kits For Individual Components (99-24-2)
- Interior Trim - Door Trim Panel Replacement (99-8-15)
- Passive Anti Theft System - Diagnostic Service Tips (99-26-6)
- Accessories Function Improperly Due To Water Leaks (98-9-13)
- Remote Keyless Entry Diagnostic Service Tips (97-24-13)
- Universal Transmitter - Service Tip (97-15-8)
- Remote Anti-Theft Personality Transmitter Reprogram (97-11-5)
- Automatic Trans
- MERCON ATF Is Being Replaced By MERCON V ATF As A Service Fluid (06-14-4)
- New Transmission Cooler Flusher - Service Tips (03-14-8)
- 4R100/E4OD - Torque Converter Access External Dust Plug May Become Dislodged (02-21-1)
- Transmission Fluid Leaks At Radiator (99-4-6)
- E4OD/4R100 - Fluid In-Line Filter Kit (00-3-8)
- Transmission Flush/Fill Tool Available From Rotunda (99-15-2)
- Vibration At Speeds Above 45 Mph - Driveline INBALAN (99-15-7)
- Noise/Vibration/Harshness Diagnostic Procedure (99-11-1)
- Automatic Transmission - Checking Fluid Level Cold (99-5-3)
- Auto Trans - DTC P0705/P0708/P1704/P1705 In Memory (98-23-12)
- E4OD/4R100 Separator Plates & Accumulator Body Usage (98-9-21)
- Chattering From Limited Slip Rear Axle On Turns (98-11-7)
- E4OD - 4-1 Downshift During A Forced 4-2 Downshift (98-9-20)
- 4X4 - DTC P0503 - Speedometer Drive Gear Loose (98-5-8)
- 4R100 - Service Procedure For Orange Tagged Trans. (98-4-22)
- 4R70W - Service Procedure For Orange Tagged Trans. (98-4-12)
- E4OD - TCIL FLASHNG - Codes 62, 628, And/Or 1728 (98-4-19)
- E40D - Engine Stalls During Transmission Engagement (97-24-23)
- E4OD - New Design Trans. Case & Extension Housing (97-23-13)
- 4R70W - New Design Enhancements For 1998 Vehicles (97-21-10)
- E4OD - Main Regulator Booster Valve & Sleeve Kit (97-19-20)
- E4OD - New Design Reverse Clutch Assembly (97-17-25)
- E4OD/4R100 - Ticking Noise On Initial Startup (98-20-9)
- Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
- 5.4L 2V - Intermittent Rough Idle - Non-Commanded EGR Flow (05-4-17)
- General Pcm Programming Procedures (04-24-14)
- Mil With DTC'S P0442, P0455, P0456, P0457, P1442 Or Check Fuel Cap Lamp With DTC P0457 (03-9-8)
- Idle - High Idle Speeds - Throttle Sticks After Steady State Driving In Extreme Cold Ambient Temperatures (99-25-2)
- DRIVEABILITY - Ho2S, Catalyst & Fuel System Monitors - Service Tips - OBD II (01-9-7)
- Hesitation On Acceleration - Lack Of Fuel Pressure (00-20-1)
- 5.4L - Spark Knock On Light-To-Moderate Acceleration (00-12-3)
- 5.4L - Mil Lit/DTC P0133/P1131/P0171 In Memory (98-6-9)
- Reprogramming Pcm Out Of Vehicle - EEC V Only (99-4-3)
- Mil On /DTC P0442 & P0455 - No DRIVEABILITY Concerns (99-23-4)
- 5.4L E4OD - Mil Lit/DTC P0455 Stored In Memory (98-23-25)
- Lean DRIVEABILITY Symptoms: MAF Sensor Contamination (98-23-10)
- Fuel Leak At Spring Lock Coupling - Temps Below -40F (98-16-12)
- Evaporative Emission Canister Components Available (98-15-12)
- Fuel Pump Replacement Procedure - Revised Connector (98-1-8)
- Mil Lit/DTC In Memory With DRIVEABILITY Concerns (97-26-19)
- Delta Pressure Feedback EGR - Diagnostic Tips (97-22-1)
- Evaporative Emissions - Workshop Manual Attachment (97-19A)
- Exhaust System Noise - Loose Muffler/Catalyst Shield (98-6-4)
- Axle Shafts
- Blowers, Superchargers & Turbochargers
- Body Electrical
- Body Interior
- Brakes Control Systems
- Charging Systems
- Clutch
- Communication Devices
- Cooling System (Mechanical)
- Heater Core Leakage And Electrolysis (Information Only) (06-21-19)
- Ford Motor Company Position On Engine Coolant Made From Propylene Glycol (96-16-4)
- Hesitation On Acceleration - Lack Of Fuel Pressure (00-20-1)
- Lean DRIVEABILITY Symptoms: MAF Sensor Contamination (98-23-10)
- Mil Lit/DTC P1506 In Memory/High Idle Speed (98-21-21)
- Fuel Leak At Spring Lock Coupling - Temps Below -40F (98-16-12)
- Leaks Oil - New Silicone Gasket & Sealant (98-7-4)
- 4.6L/5.4L - Runs Rough: Roller Finger Follower Loose (97-25-8)
- Cruise Control Systems
- Differentials & Drive Axles
- 4 Wheel Drive/All Wheel Drive - With Control TRAC - Shudder On Acceleration/Deceleration Or Binding On Slow Turns (08-21-11)
- Rear Axle Noise Repair (05-6-18)
- Vibration At Speeds Above 45 Mph - Driveline INBALAN (99-15-7)
- Moaning From Front Differential In 2-Wheel Drive (99-14-3)
- Steering Column Vibration At High Speed - 4X2 W/5.4L (99-1-1)
- Steering Column Vibrates - 4X4 With Coil Suspension (98-18-7)
- Chattering From Limited Slip Rear Axle On Turns (98-11-7)
- Driveshaft & Universal Joints
- Electronic Steering
- Electronic Suspension
- Engine Control Systems
- WDS Cop Kit Diagnostic Tips - Coil On Plug (Cop) Ignition Systems - Engine Misfire Or Rough Running (05-22-8)
- 5.4L 2V - Intermittent Rough Idle - Non-Commanded EGR Flow (05-4-17)
- General Pcm Programming Procedures (04-24-14)
- Mil With DTC'S P0442, P0455, P0456, P0457, P1442 Or Check Fuel Cap Lamp With DTC P0457 (03-9-8)
- Whining/Buzzing - Comes Through Speakers Of Entertainment Or Two-Way Radio (02-16-4)
- Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTC P0500, P1502 And/Or U1039 - Sticking Or Binding Ignition Lock Cylinder (01-21-13)
- Idle - High Idle Speeds - Throttle Sticks After Steady State Driving In Extreme Cold Ambient Temperatures (99-25-2)
- DRIVEABILITY - Ho2S, Catalyst & Fuel System Monitors - Service Tips - OBD II (01-9-7)
- Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Service Tips (01-6-2)
- Rough Idle/Miss After Start During Cold Temps (00-26-1)
- Hesitation On Acceleration - Lack Of Fuel Pressure (00-20-1)
- 5.4L - Spark Knock On Light-To-Moderate Acceleration (00-12-3)
- 5.4L - Mil Lit/DTC P0133/P1131/P0171 In Memory (98-6-9)
- Fuel Pump Whine/Buzz Noise In Radio Speakers (99-12-9)
- Reprogramming Pcm Out Of Vehicle - EEC V Only (99-4-3)
- Mil On /DTC P0442 & P0455 - No DRIVEABILITY Concerns (99-23-4)
- Volatility Related DRIVEABILITY Concerns Service Tip (98-26-2)
- Lean DRIVEABILITY Symptoms: MAF Sensor Contamination (98-23-10)
- Fuel Pump Replacement Procedure - Revised Connector (98-1-8)
- Mil Lit/DTC In Memory With DRIVEABILITY Concerns (97-26-19)
- 4.6L/5.4L - Runs Rough: Roller Finger Follower Loose (97-25-8)
- Entertainment Systems
- Exhaust
- Exterior Body Panels
- Body-Corrosion At Bottom Of Door Or Tailgate Hem Flange - Repair Procedure (04-18-11)
- Mil With DTC'S P0442, P0455, P0456, P0457, P1442 Or Check Fuel Cap Lamp With DTC P0457 (03-9-8)
- Water Leaks - Windshield Sealing - Service Tip (99-2-3)
- Whistling Heard While Driving With A/C Off (99-12-8)
- Noise - Squeak/Rattle - Summary Of Concerns (98-17-21)
- Adhesives Not Recommended For Body Panel Repairs (98-20-3)
- Exterior Lights
- Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
- Front Suspension
- Air Suspension Compressor Noise (05-26-18)
- Repeat Air Suspension Compressor Drier Failures (03-9-2)
- Air Suspension - DTC B2140 Or C2140 - Ride Height Reset Procedure (01-12-8)
- Noise/Vibration/Harshness Diagnostic Procedure (99-11-1)
- Buzzing Noise During Air Suspension Operation (99-2-2)
- Steering Alignment - Toe Set Procedure (98-16-9)
- Suspension - Clunking Heard From Front End - 4X4 (98-15-15)
- Fuel System
- Mil With DTC'S P0442, P0455, P0456, P0457, P1442 Or Check Fuel Cap Lamp With DTC P0457 (03-9-8)
- Whining/Buzzing - Comes Through Speakers Of Entertainment Or Two-Way Radio (02-16-4)
- Idle - High Idle Speeds - Throttle Sticks After Steady State Driving In Extreme Cold Ambient Temperatures (99-25-2)
- DRIVEABILITY - Ho2S, Catalyst & Fuel System Monitors - Service Tips - OBD II (01-9-7)
- Hesitation On Acceleration - Lack Of Fuel Pressure (00-20-1)
- Volatility Related DRIVEABILITY Concerns Service Tip (98-26-2)
- Lean DRIVEABILITY Symptoms: MAF Sensor Contamination (98-23-10)
- Fuel Leak At Spring Lock Coupling - Temps Below -40F (98-16-12)
- Fuel Injector - Non Warranty Reimbursement Testing (98-9-9)
- Fuel Pump Replacement Procedure - Revised Connector (98-1-8)
- 4.6L/5.4L - Runs Rough: Roller Finger Follower Loose (97-25-8)
- Fuses & Circuit Breakers
- No Crank / Starter Terminal Fatigue (06-19-14)
- Wiring - Wire Harness Terminal Repair Kit (99-6-3)
- Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Service Tips (01-6-2)
- Electrical - New Terminal Grease For Service (98-24-6)
- No/Intermittent Auxiliary A/C Mode Blower Control (98-23-9)
- Fuel Pump Replacement Procedure - Revised Connector (98-1-8)
- Gauges & Instrument Panels
- HVAC Control Systems
- Heater Core Leakage And Electrolysis (Information Only) (06-21-19)
- Climate Control - A/C Service Tech Tips (02-20-8)
- Air Conditioning - Musty And Mildew Type Odors - Service Procedure (99-19-5)
- Climate Control - Repeat Heater Core Failure (01-15-6)
- A/C Blower Stays On High - A/C Doesn't Maintain Temp (00-1-8)
- A/C Musty & Mildew Type Odors - New A/C DISODORIZER (98-2-7)
- No/Intermittent Auxiliary A/C Mode Blower Control (98-23-9)
- Identification Of Non-Ford Approved Refrigerants (99-19-6)
- Cold Air Felt On Passenger Floor While In Heat Mode (98-6-13)
- A/C Refrigerant Oil Refill Capacity Chart (97-15-5)
- Rear Auxiliary Underbody A/C & Heater Lines (97-14-20)
- Identification
- Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
- Ignition System
- 4.6L 2V, 5.4L 2V, Or 6.8L 2V - Spark Plug Thread Repair Procedure - Not Covered Under New Vehicle Limited Warranty (07-21-2)
- WDS Cop Kit Diagnostic Tips - Coil On Plug (Cop) Ignition Systems - Engine Misfire Or Rough Running (05-22-8)
- Hesitation On Acceleration - Lack Of Fuel Pressure (00-20-1)
- Lean DRIVEABILITY Symptoms: MAF Sensor Contamination (98-23-10)
- Mil Lit/DTC P1506 In Memory/High Idle Speed (98-21-21)
- Fuel Leak At Spring Lock Coupling - Temps Below -40F (98-16-12)
- Fuel Economy - Customer Expectations (99-26-9)
- Infotainment
- Interior/Exterior Trim
- Side View Signal Mirrors - Delamination Of Chrome (00-18-9)
- Interior Trim - Loose Power Window Switch Bezel (99-12-11)
- Whistling Heard While Driving With A/C Off (99-12-8)
- Interior Trim - Door Trim Panel Replacement (99-8-15)
- WINDNOISE Around Side Doors (99-6-5)
- Steering Column Vibration At High Speed - 4X2 W/5.4L (99-1-1)
- Interior Trim - Repairs To Vinyl Covered Surfaces (98-3-1)
- Noise - Squeak/Rattle - Summary Of Concerns (98-17-21)
- Outside Window Mouldings - Stained/Discolored (97-24-18)
- Power Seat Switch Button Comes Off (98-20-19)
- Locking Hubs
- Lubrication System
- Engine Oil - Recommended Applications For Sae 5W-20 And Sae 5W-30 Motor Oils (02-1-9)
- Engine - Engine Oil System Priming Procedures - Service Tips (01-24-6)
- 5.4L - Engine Oil Sending Unit Interference At Engine Oil Drip Shield (01-4-2)
- Motor Oil - Sae Viscosity Grade Recommendation (99-8-16)
- Fuel Leak At Spring Lock Coupling - Temps Below -40F (98-16-12)
- Leaks Oil - New Silicone Gasket & Sealant (98-7-4)
- Manual Steering
- Manual Trans
- Mechanical
- Hydraulic Versus Mechanical TENSIONERS (TT001-13)
- 4.6L 2V, 5.4L 2V, Or 6.8L 2V - Spark Plug Thread Repair Procedure - Not Covered Under New Vehicle Limited Warranty (07-21-2)
- Identifying The Correct Replacement Head Gasket For Certain Remanufactured Engines - Service Tip (06-18-16)
- 4.6/5.4L - Cylinder Head Deck Leak - Gasket And Cylinder Head Kit (03-6-2)
- Engine - Straightedge Procedure For Checking Cylinder Head & Block Flatness (02-21-13)
- New Gasket Remover/Cleaner Service Tips For Aluminum Heads & Blocks (02-11-4)
- Machining Of Aluminum Cylinder Heads Or Blocks - Warranty Information (02-2-3)
- Engine - Approved Head Gasket Replacement Service Procedures (02-1-4)
- Engine Oil - Recommended Applications For Sae 5W-20 And Sae 5W-30 Motor Oils (02-1-9)
- Engine - Engine Oil System Priming Procedures - Service Tips (01-24-6)
- DRIVEABILITY - Detecting Vacuum Leaks - Using The Rotunda VACUTEC 522 Smoke Leak Detector Machine (01-20-5)
- 5.4L - Engine Oil Sending Unit Interference At Engine Oil Drip Shield (01-4-2)
- Rough Idle/Miss After Start During Cold Temps (00-26-1)
- Hesitation On Acceleration - Lack Of Fuel Pressure (00-20-1)
- Noise/Vibration/Harshness Diagnostic Procedure (99-11-1)
- Lean DRIVEABILITY Symptoms: MAF Sensor Contamination (98-23-10)
- Mil Lit/DTC P1506 In Memory/High Idle Speed (98-21-21)
- Fuel Leak At Spring Lock Coupling - Temps Below -40F (98-16-12)
- Leaks Oil - New Silicone Gasket & Sealant (98-7-4)
- 4.6L/5.4L - Runs Rough: Roller Finger Follower Loose (97-25-8)
- Fuel Economy - Customer Expectations (99-26-9)
- Mechanical - Hydraulic
- Brakes - Incorrect Rotor Thickness Stamped On Rotor (99-25-6)
- Squeaking From Rear During Braking - 16 Inch Wheels (99-16-8)
- Noise/Vibration/Harshness Diagnostic Procedure (99-11-1)
- Brakes - Hub-Mount Brake Rotor Machining Equipment (98-5A-5)
- Wheels - Proper Lug Torque Procedures - Service Tip (98-5A-4)
- Guidelines For Brake Vibration Repair & Replacement (99-19-4)
- Mirrors
- Various Vehicles - Rear-View Mirror Concern Analysis (23-7092)
- Exterior Mirror Glass And Motor Replacement (98-9-14)
- Side View Signal Mirrors - Delamination Of Chrome (00-18-9)
- Accessories Function Improperly Due To Water Leaks (98-9-13)
- Rear View Mirror - Preferred Reattachment Method (97-17-2)
- Power Seat Switch Button Comes Off (98-20-19)
- Overdrive Unit
- Paint & Coatings
- Side View Signal Mirrors - Delamination Of Chrome (00-18-9)
- Water Leaks - Windshield Sealing - Service Tip (99-2-3)
- Paint Surface Defect Removal Without Repainting (98-3-3)
- Worldwide Recommended Paint Materials (98-9-3)
- Anti-Chip Stone Abrasion Undercoat - Service Tip (98-4-4)
- Adhesives Not Recommended For Body Panel Repairs (98-20-3)
- Parking Brake System
- Passive Restraints
- Rear Suspension
- Air Suspension Compressor Noise (05-26-18)
- Repeat Air Suspension Compressor Drier Failures (03-9-2)
- Air Suspension - DTC B2140 Or C2140 - Ride Height Reset Procedure (01-12-8)
- Noise/Vibration/Harshness Diagnostic Procedure (99-11-1)
- Buzzing Noise During Air Suspension Operation (99-2-2)
- Steering Alignment - Toe Set Procedure (98-16-9)
- Seats
- Noise/Vibration/Harshness Diagnostic Procedure (99-11-1)
- Whistling Heard While Driving With A/C Off (99-12-8)
- Noise - Squeak/Rattle - Summary Of Concerns (98-17-21)
- Leather Seat Cleaning Procedure - Service Tip (98-17-1)
- Accessories Function Improperly Due To Water Leaks (98-9-13)
- Power Seat Switch Button Comes Off (98-20-19)
- Starter
- Steering Column
- Steering Control Systems
- Steering Gear
- Steering Linkage
- Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
- Suspension Control Systems
- Air Suspension Compressor Noise (05-26-18)
- Repeat Air Suspension Compressor Drier Failures (03-9-2)
- Air Suspension - DTC B2140 Or C2140 - Ride Height Reset Procedure (01-12-8)
- Buzzing Noise During Air Suspension Operation (99-2-2)
- Check Suspension Lamp On - DTC C1770 &/Or C1845 (98-25-4)
- Steering Alignment - Toe Set Procedure (98-16-9)
- System
- 4.6L 2V, 5.4L 2V, Or 6.8L 2V - Spark Plug Thread Repair Procedure - Not Covered Under New Vehicle Limited Warranty (07-21-2)
- No Crank / Starter Terminal Fatigue (06-19-14)
- WDS Cop Kit Diagnostic Tips - Coil On Plug (Cop) Ignition Systems - Engine Misfire Or Rough Running (05-22-8)
- 5.4L 2V - Intermittent Rough Idle - Non-Commanded EGR Flow (05-4-17)
- General Pcm Programming Procedures (04-24-14)
- Mil With DTC'S P0442, P0455, P0456, P0457, P1442 Or Check Fuel Cap Lamp With DTC P0457 (03-9-8)
- Whining/Buzzing - Comes Through Speakers Of Entertainment Or Two-Way Radio (02-16-4)
- Engine - Approved Head Gasket Replacement Service Procedures (02-1-4)
- Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTC P0500, P1502 And/Or U1039 - Sticking Or Binding Ignition Lock Cylinder (01-21-13)
- Idle - High Idle Speeds - Throttle Sticks After Steady State Driving In Extreme Cold Ambient Temperatures (99-25-2)
- DRIVEABILITY - Detecting Vacuum Leaks - Using The Rotunda VACUTEC 522 Smoke Leak Detector Machine (01-20-5)
- DRIVEABILITY - Ho2S, Catalyst & Fuel System Monitors - Service Tips - OBD II (01-9-7)
- Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Service Tips (01-6-2)
- Rough Idle/Miss After Start During Cold Temps (00-26-1)
- Hesitation On Acceleration - Lack Of Fuel Pressure (00-20-1)
- 5.4L - Spark Knock On Light-To-Moderate Acceleration (00-12-3)
- 5.4L - Mil Lit/DTC P0133/P1131/P0171 In Memory (98-6-9)
- Fuel Pump Whine/Buzz Noise In Radio Speakers (99-12-9)
- Reprogramming Pcm Out Of Vehicle - EEC V Only (99-4-3)
- Mil On /DTC P0442 & P0455 - No DRIVEABILITY Concerns (99-23-4)
- Volatility Related DRIVEABILITY Concerns Service Tip (98-26-2)
- 5.4L E4OD - Mil Lit/DTC P0455 Stored In Memory (98-23-25)
- Lean DRIVEABILITY Symptoms: MAF Sensor Contamination (98-23-10)
- Mil Lit/DTC P1506 In Memory/High Idle Speed (98-21-21)
- Fuel Leak At Spring Lock Coupling - Temps Below -40F (98-16-12)
- Evaporative Emission Canister Components Available (98-15-12)
- Fuel Injector - Non Warranty Reimbursement Testing (98-9-9)
- Leaks Oil - New Silicone Gasket & Sealant (98-7-4)
- Fuel Pump Replacement Procedure - Revised Connector (98-1-8)
- Mil Lit/DTC In Memory With DRIVEABILITY Concerns (97-26-19)
- 4.6L/5.4L - Runs Rough: Roller Finger Follower Loose (97-25-8)
- Delta Pressure Feedback EGR - Diagnostic Tips (97-22-1)
- Evaporative Emissions - Workshop Manual Attachment (97-19A)
- Fuel Economy - Customer Expectations (99-26-9)
- Exhaust System Noise - Loose Muffler/Catalyst Shield (98-6-4)
- Transfer Case
- Transmission Control Systems
- Inadvertent Disabling Of Brake Shift Interlock (99-13-9)
- Automatic Transmission - Checking Fluid Level Cold (99-5-3)
- Auto Trans - DTC P0705/P0708/P1704/P1705 In Memory (98-23-12)
- E4OD - 4-1 Downshift During A Forced 4-2 Downshift (98-9-20)
- 4X4 - DTC P0503 - Speedometer Drive Gear Loose (98-5-8)
- E4OD - TCIL FLASHNG - Codes 62, 628, And/Or 1728 (98-4-19)
- 4R70W - New Design Enhancements For 1998 Vehicles (97-21-10)
- Vacuum Pumps/Lines/Tanks/Water Trap
- Warning Systems
- Wheel Alignment
- Wheel Hubs
- Wheels & Tire System
- 4 Wheel Drive/All Wheel Drive - With Control TRAC - Shudder On Acceleration/Deceleration Or Binding On Slow Turns (08-21-11)
- Wheel - Road Force Measurement Equipment Hunter GSP9700 - Service Tips (02-1-6)
- Steering Column Vibration At High Speed - 4X2 W/5.4L (99-1-1)
- Wheels - Proper Lug Torque Procedures - Service Tip (98-5A-4)
- Tire Company Phone Numbers For Customer Assistance (98-5-2)
- Wheel - Hub O-Ring - Service Tip (97-22-7)
- Availability Of Replacement Tires (97-18-6)
- Window Motors & Regulators
- Pop/Thump At End Of Window Travel And/Or Driver Window Reverses To Mid-Position (04-5-7)
- Side View Signal Mirrors - Delamination Of Chrome (00-18-9)
- Water Leaks - Windshield Sealing - Service Tip (99-2-3)
- Noise/Vibration/Harshness Diagnostic Procedure (99-11-1)
- Whistling Heard While Driving With A/C Off (99-12-8)
- Noise - Squeak/Rattle - Summary Of Concerns (98-17-21)
- Accessories Function Improperly Due To Water Leaks (98-9-13)
- Power Seat Switch Button Comes Off (98-20-19)
- Wiper/Washer Systems
- Wiring System (Data Link Connectors, Pwr Dist., Grnd Dist.)