Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Active) DTCS
      • Anti-Theft Systems HEC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Anti-Theft Systems LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Cruise Control System DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Panels (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Instrument Panels (Instrument Cluster) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Instrument Panel (HEC) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
      • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Mirrors DTCS
      • Power Mirrors Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Power Mirror Driver Seat Module (DSM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Seats DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Suspension (Electronic - Air) DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil connector end view (C100)
        • Generator connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator connector end view (C102b)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C118)
        • Power steering valve solenoid connector end view (C120)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C151)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Steering column position sensor connector end view (C222)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C268)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C282)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285a)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285b)
        • Sunload sensor connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Fresh/recirculation door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Radio connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio connector end view (C290c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C303)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cellular phone handset connector end view (C318)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Heated seat module, passenger side front connector end view (C329)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Seat cushion heater, right front connector end view (C334)
        • Seat back heater, right front connector end view (C335)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C336)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341b)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341c)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Heated seat module, driver side front connector end view (C359)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, left front connector end view (C361)
        • Seat cushion heater, left front connector end view (C364)
        • Seat back heater, left front connector end view (C365)
        • Driver seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C366)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Driver seat backrest motor connector end view (C368)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C372)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C373)
        • Driver memory backrest sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C383)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401a)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401b)
        • Cellular phone module connector end view (C403b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door release solenoid connector end view (C409)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C414c)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C417a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamps, left rear connector end view (C417b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C417c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C434)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C487)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C488)
        • Key pad switch assembly connector end view (C500)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504a)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504b)
        • Door lock switch, driver side connector end view (C505)
        • Door entry lamp, left front connector end view (C506)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Fuel door release switch connector end view (C512)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C517)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front connector end view (C526b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C527)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C534)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C538)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602b)
        • Window adjust switch, passenger side connector end view (C604)
        • Door lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C605)
        • Door entry lamp, right front connector end view (C606)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C608)
        • Door lock unit, passenger side front connector end view (C609)
        • Inline Connector end view (C610)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C625)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C627)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C630)
        • Inline Connector end view (C700)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear connector end view (C701)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C702)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C703)
        • Door lock unit, left rear connector end view (C705)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Courtesy lamp, left rear door connector end view (C713)
        • Cigar lighter, left rear door connector end view (C714)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C716)
        • Inline Connector end view (C800)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear connector end view (C801)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C802)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock unit, right rear connector end view (C805)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Courtesy lamp, right rear door connector end view (C812)
        • Cigar lighter, right rear door connector end view (C814)
        • Inline Connector end view (C818)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820b)
        • Map reading lamp, right front connector end view (C903)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907b)
        • Map reading lamp, left front connector end view (C908)
        • Electronic Compass connector end view (C909)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit connector end view (C911)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C912)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C920)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front connector end view (C931)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952b)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C997)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C998)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1070)
        • Heater blower motor connector end view (C1031)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) connector end view (C1035)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • A/C high pressure switch connector end view (C1078)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C1107)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1111)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1112)
        • Parking lamp, left front connector end view (C1113)
        • Parking lamp, right front connector end view (C1114)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C1120)
        • Engine compartment lamp connector end view (C1159)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly connector end view (C1179)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C1189)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor connector end view (C1196)
        • 4R70W transmission connector end view (C1274)
        • Air suspension compressor relay connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C1308)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock connector end view (C2016)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C2031)
        • Power point connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesy lamp, left footwell connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell connector end view (C2057)
        • Accessory delay relay connector end view (C2075)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C2089)
        • Adjustable pedal memory potentiometer connector end view (C2090)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C2092)
        • Diagnostic connector end view (C2122)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131b)
        • Cellular phone microphone connector end view (C2133)
        • Overdrive cancel switch connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145c)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145d)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) connector end view (C2157)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C3015)
        • Power seat switch left connector end view (C3016)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, driver side connector end view (C3032)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, passenger side connector end view (C3037)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C3041)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver connector end view (C3065)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger connector end view (C3066)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3160)
        • Rear audio/climate control switch connector end view (C3161)
        • Heated seat module, left rear connector end view (C3162)
        • Heated seat module, right rear connector end view (C3163)
        • Power point, left rear connector end view (C3164)
        • Power point, right rear connector end view (C3165)
        • Seat cushion heater, left rear connector end view (C3167)
        • Seat back heater, left rear connector end view (C3168)
        • Seat cushion heater, right rear connector end view (C3169)
        • Seat back heater, right rear connector end view (C3170)
        • Passenger seat recliner motor connector end view (C3189)
        • Redundant seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C3197)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219a)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219b)
        • Air suspension height sensor connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, right connector end view (C4045)
        • License plate lamp connector end view (C4046)
        • Filter connector end view (C4047)
        • Air suspension disable switch connector end view (C4087)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C4116)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Power Steering
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Main Light Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Control Switch
        • Power Seat Switch
          • Power Seat Switch - Left (With Memory)
          • Power Seat Switch - Left (Without Memory)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch (17B676)
        • Power Window Switch - Passenger Door
        • Window Adjust Switch
          • Window Adjust Switch - Right Rear (14A412)
          • Window Adjust Switch - Left Rear (14A412)
        • Seat Adjust Switch - Passenger Side Front
        • Relay - Mini ISO
        • Relay - Micro ISO
    • Remote Convenience System
      • Description And Operation
        • Universal Transmitter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Universal Transmitter
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Universal Transmitter Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Programming
          • Notes
          • Training a Garage Door Opener Equipped With "Rolling Codes"
          • Erasing Channels
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive
          • The Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Components:
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • HEC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test B1213-: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
            • Pinpoint Test B2103-: Antenna Not Connected - Defective Transceiver
            • Pinpoint Test B1600-: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received - Damaged Key Or Non-Pats Key
            • Pinpoint Test B1601-: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test B1602-: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder (Partial Key Read)
            • Pinpoint Test B1681-: Pats Transceiver Signal Is Not Received (Not Connected, Damaged, Or Wiring)
            • Pinpoint Test B2139-: Pcm Id Does Not Match Between HEC And Pcm
            • Pinpoint Test B2141-: NVM Configuration Failure (No Pcm Id Exchanged Between HEC And Pcm)
            • Pinpoint Test U1147-: Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Security
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Hybrid Electronic Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Carry Out On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On - No 3 Second Theft Indicator Prove Out
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming - Program a Key Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming - Erase All Key Codes and Program Two Keys
        • Key Programming - Spare Key Programming Switch
        • Key Programming - Additional Key With One Programmed Key
        • Security Access - Procedure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module - Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Power Locks
          • Luggage Compartment Remote Control Lock Switch
          • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Fuel Filler Door Lock Switch
          • Lock Cylinders
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Fuel Filler Door Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Latch-Front Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Rear Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Outside Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Inside Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Outside Rear Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Luggage Compartment Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch Remote Control - Fuel Door Release
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Keyless Entry/Computer Operated Locks
      • Description And Operation
        • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Keyless Entry
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • DDM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - DECKLID Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Smart Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative - Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - The Door Ajar Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Luggage Compartment Door Is Inoperative Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly From The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B2425 RKE Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • Remote Memory Activation
        • Remote Memory Deactivation
        • Autolock and Horn Chirp Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Keypad - Keyless Entry
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Communications Network
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • System Precheck
            • Pinpoint Test Pc: Run The Data Link Diagnostics Network Test
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Audio Control Module (ACM)
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Driver Door Module (DDM)
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Driver Seat Module (DSM)
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Restraint Control Module (RCM)
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Lighting Control Module (LCM)
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Next Generation Speed Control (NGSC) Servo
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Telematics Control Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Rear Air Suspension Module (RASM)
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Hybrid Electronic Cluster (HEC)
            • Pinpoint Test M: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Network
            • Pinpoint Test N: No Module/Network Communication - No Power To The Diagnostic Tool
      • General Procedures
        • Communication Circuit Wiring Repair
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Module Configuration
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
            • Calibration Update
            • Programmable Parameters
            • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
            • As-Built Data Center
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Configurable Modules
          • Programmable Parameters Index
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Module System
      • Description And Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
        • Air Suspension Module
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Air Suspension Module
        • Driver Door Module (DDM)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Driver Door Module (DDM)
        • Driver Seat Module (DSM)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Communication With The Driver Seat Module (DSM)
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test D: No Communication With The Lighting Control Module (LCM)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module - Air Suspension
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module - Driver Door (DDM)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module - Driver Seat (DSM)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module - Lighting Control (LCM)
          • Removal and Installation
    • TELEMATIC System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Telematics
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Telematics
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • System Description
            • Powering Up
          • Pressing Assistance, Pressing Information, and Air Bag Deployment
          • Powering Down
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Tool
          • Telematics Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Audio Unit Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Audio Unit Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • System/Carrier Concerns
          • Other Possible Concerns
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Telematics Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC U2008-Audio Phone Is Not Responding
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Telematics System Does Not Operate Correctly - Telematics Does Not Respond To The Telematics Control Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Telematics System Does Not Operate Correctly - Telematics/Cellular Phone Interface Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: Telematics System Does Not Operate Correctly - The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1216-Telematics Control Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1943-Air Bag Deployment Indication Input Fault
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1874-Cellular Phone Handset Not Communicating
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B1893-Global Positioning System (GPS) Antenna Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2102-Global Positioning System (GPS) Antenna Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Phone Does Not Power Up
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Phone Information Is Not Displayed
            • Pinpoint Test M: Reduced Sound Or No Sound Through The Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Phone Will Not Go Into Hands-Free Mode
            • Pinpoint Test O: No Response To Pressing The Phone Button
            • Pinpoint Test P: Poor Reception, Static On Calls, Frequent Drop Of Calls
            • Pinpoint Test Q: No Service Display Stays On
            • Pinpoint Test R: Cannot Enter The Programming Mode
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Cellular Phone Microphone Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Voice Activated Phone Functions Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Handset Battery Does Not Charge
      • Removal And Installation
        • Telematics Control Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Global Positioning System (GPS) Antenna
          • Removal and Installation
        • Microphone
          • Removal and Installation
        • Portable Support Electronics (PSE) Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cellular Phone Antenna
          • Removal and Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Speed Control
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Speed Control
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Speed Control Servo Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Speed Control Servo Parameter Identification (PID) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Speed Control Servo
          • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC 1318 - Battery Voltage Low
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1109 - Throttle Position Did Not Return To Idle After Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1126 - Speed Control Actuator Switch Stuck For Two Minutes Or Longer
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1127 - DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1179 - Speed Control Cable Slack Failure
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Speed Control Is Inoperative - No DTCS
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Set Speed Fluctuates
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Coast
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Set/ACCEL
          • Pinpoint Test L: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Resume
          • Pinpoint Test M: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Off
    • General Procedures
      • Cable Adjustment
    • Removal And Installation
      • Actuator Cable
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Actuator - Speed Control Servo
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Deactivator
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Speed Control Actuator (Without Remote Audio/Climate Controls)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Speed Control Actuator (With Remote Audio/Climate Controls)
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
          • Exterior Lighting System Component Location
          • Exterior Lighting
          • Lighting Control Module
          • Headlamps
          • Headlamp Delay System - Autolamp
          • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Headlamp Switch
          • Panel Dim Switch
          • Headlamps On Warning Chime
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Lamps - Parking, Rear/Marker
          • Stoplamps
          • Lamp, Rear Hi-Mount
          • Lamps, License
          • Lamps, Backup
          • Lamps, Cornering
          • Turn Signal and Hazard Lamps
          • Hazard Flasher Switch
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • LCM Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • LCM Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Perform ONDEMAND Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously - Low Beams (Daytime Running Lamps [DRL] Disabled)
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Autolamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test F: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test G: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On - The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Cornering Lamps Are Never/Always On
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Backup Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Backup Lamps Are On Continuously
          • Component Test
            • Relay
            • Micro ISO Relay
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
            • Notes
            • All headlamp types
            • VOR type headlamps
            • VOL type headlamps
          • Mechanical Aiming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Rear Lamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Hi-Mount Lamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Backup Lamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Headlamp
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Brake Pedal Position (BPP)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Photocell and Amplifier
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Information Center
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Information And Message Center
          • Message Center Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • HEC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC)
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Message Center Is Not Operating Properly
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Message Center Switch Is Not Operating Properly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Luggage Compartment Door Ajar Warning Is Not Operating Properly - Trunk
      • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Message Center
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Gauges
            • Speedometer Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Message Center Displays
            • Odometer
            • Traction Control
            • O/D Off
            • Speed Control
          • Warning Indicators
            • Low Oil Pressure Indicator
            • Brake System Warning Indicator
            • Safety Belt Indicator
            • Fail-Safe Cooling Mode Indicator
            • Service Engine Soon
            • Check Fuel Cap Indicator
            • High Beam Indicator
            • Air Bag Indicator
            • Charging System Indicator
            • ABS Indicator
            • Left and Right Turn Signal Indicators
            • Instrument Cluster Installation
            • Parameter Reset and Key Programming
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Low Oil Pressure
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - High Beam
            • Pinpoint Test L: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Low Washer Fluid Warning Display
            • Pinpoint Test M: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Abs Warning
            • Pinpoint Test N: An Indicator Is Inoperative / Always On - Traction Control Warning Display
            • Pinpoint Test P: An Indicator Is Inoperative / Always On - O/D Off Display
            • Pinpoint Test Q: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Air Suspension Display
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test S: An Indicator Is Inoperative / Always On - Check Fuel Cap Warning
            • Pinpoint Test T: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On-Service Engine Soon
            • Pinpoint Test U: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Turn / Hazard
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test W: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Fail-Safe Cooling Warning
            • Pinpoint Test X: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Carry Out On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Perform On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Steering Wheel Control Switches
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Electric Clock
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Panel Dimmer
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Instrument Panel Components:
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glove Compartment
          • Removal and Installation
  • Headlights
    • Daytime Running Lamp System
      • Description And Operation
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Lighting Control Module Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Lighting Control Module - Unable To Perform ONDEMAND Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module - Daytime Running Lamps
          • Removal and Installation
  • Infotainment
    • Electronic Compass
      • Description And Operation
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Compass Sensor Module
          • Electronic Compass Display
          • Panel Control Dim Switch
          • Compass Accuracy
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Compass Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Compass Is Inaccurate Or Continuously Displays Circle Slowly To Cal
      • General Procedures
        • Compass Zone Adjustment
        • Compass Calibration
        • Vehicle Demagnetizing
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Molding - Exterior
          • Removal and Installation
        • Molding - Front Door Outside Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Rear Door Outside Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Front Fender Side Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Quarter Outside Lower Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Body Rocker Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Trim Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal and Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Perform On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Steering Wheel Control Switches
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Electric Clock
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Panel Dimmer
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Lighting
          • Lighting Control Module
          • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • DDM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Carry Out On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Carry Out On-Demand Self-Test On Driver Door Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Battery Saver Does Not Deactivate After Timeout
            • Pinpoint Test G: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Overhead Dome/Map
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Rear Assist Handle Reading
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Lamp Assembly, Rear Assist Handle Reading
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Interior Lamp
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Power Outside Rear View
          • Inside Rear View-Automatic Dimming
          • Memory
          • Reverse Drive Rear View
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors - Rear View
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Driver Seat Module (DSM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Driver Door Module-Unable To Carry Out The Driver Door Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Driver Seat Module-Unable To Carry Out The Driver Seat Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Mirrors Are Inoperative-A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Mirrors Motors Operate In One Second Intervals-Memory Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Reverse Tilt Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Auto Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Heated Outside Mirror Does Not Defrost
      • Removal And Installation
        • Mirror - Power Outside Rear View
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Glass
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror Control
          • Removal and Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front
            • Notes
            • Seat Occupant Sensor (Typical)
            • Seat Occupant Sensor
            • Lumbar Support
            • Power Recliner
            • Heated
            • Easy Entry/Easy Exit
            • Programmable
            • Driver Seat Module
            • Side Air Bag
          • Rear
            • Heated
            • Rear Seat Armrest-Cartier L and Executive L
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Driver Door Module - Unable To Carry Out The Driver Door Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Driver Seat Module - Unable To Carry Out The Driver Seat Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel - Motors Operate In One Second Intervals
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: Easy Exit/Easy Entry Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver Cushion
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger Cushion
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seats Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B1676 Battery Voltage Out Of Range
      • General Procedures
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Deactivation
          • Reactivation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat - Center
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat Backrest
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat Cushion
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Control Switch - Redundant Front Passenger Fore/Aft, Cartier L and Executive L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Armrest - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Power
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Manual
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heated Seat Module - Front Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heated Seat Module - Rear Seat
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Position Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumber Motor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Side Air Bag Wiring Harness
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Front Center
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Front Top
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Front Bottom
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Rear
          • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
          • Component Test
            • Horn Relay
              • Horn Relay Terminal Location
              • Check Relay Continuity
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal and Installation
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column Switches
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With Module - Unable To Perform On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In ACC Chart
            • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start
            • Pinpoint Test E: Multi-Function Switch/Hazard Switch Does Not Operate Properly
            • Pinpoint Test F: Release Switch Automatic-Parking Does Not Operate Or Does Not Operate Properly (Hold In Drive/Release In Park)
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTCS B1359 - Ignition Run/Accy Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTCS B1555 - Ignition RUN/START Circuit Failure
          • Component Test
            • Ignition Switch Continuity Check
            • Ignition Switch Mechanical Test
            • Multi-Function Switch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Multifunction Switch
          • Notes
          • Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Key Release Interlock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
  • Warning Systems
    • Description And Operation
      • Warning Devices
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Warning Devices
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
          • Safety Belt Warning Chime
          • Belt Minder
          • Door Ajar Warning Chime
          • Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime
          • Headlamp On Warning Chime
          • Turn Signal Warning Chime
        • Inspection and Verification
        • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test B1352: Ignition Key-In-CKT Failure
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Carry Out On-Demand Self Test On The Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Ajar Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
          • Pinpoint Test F: A Chime Does Not Operate Correctly - DECKLID Ajar Tone
          • Pinpoint Test G: A Chime Does Not Operate Correctly-Turn Signal Warning Tone
    • General Procedures
      • Belt Minder Deactivating/Activating
        • Preparation
        • Deactivating/Activating
    • Removal And Installation
      • Switch - Door Open Warning
        • Removal and Installation
      • Switch - Key-In-Ignition Warning
        • Removal and Installation
      • Module - Lighting Control (LCM)
        • Removal and Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Component Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The One Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Back Window Will Not Defrost
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Back Window Defroster Will Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Delayed Accessory Is Inoperative - Will Not Stay On For 10 Minutes
          • Component Tests
            • Grid Wire Test
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
        • Lead Terminal Repair
        • Door Window Glass Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Door, Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Door, Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Power, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Electric Drive, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Power, Rear Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Electric Drive, Rear Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run - Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wipers And Washers
          • Wiper and Washer System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers And Washers
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Properly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The High Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Properly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Properly
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Wipers Will Not Park At The Proper Position
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
      • General Procedures
        • Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Mounting Arm and Pivot Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Windshield Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Washer Pump and Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module - Windshield Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive
          • The Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Components:
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • HEC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test B1213-: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
            • Pinpoint Test B2103-: Antenna Not Connected - Defective Transceiver
            • Pinpoint Test B1600-: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received - Damaged Key Or Non-Pats Key
            • Pinpoint Test B1601-: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test B1602-: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder (Partial Key Read)
            • Pinpoint Test B1681-: Pats Transceiver Signal Is Not Received (Not Connected, Damaged, Or Wiring)
            • Pinpoint Test B2139-: Pcm Id Does Not Match Between HEC And Pcm
            • Pinpoint Test B2141-: NVM Configuration Failure (No Pcm Id Exchanged Between HEC And Pcm)
            • Pinpoint Test U1147-: Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Security
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Hybrid Electronic Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Carry Out On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On - No 3 Second Theft Indicator Prove Out
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming - Program a Key Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming - Erase All Key Codes and Program Two Keys
        • Key Programming - Spare Key Programming Switch
        • Key Programming - Additional Key With One Programmed Key
        • Security Access - Procedure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module - Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Power Locks
          • Luggage Compartment Remote Control Lock Switch
          • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Fuel Filler Door Lock Switch
          • Lock Cylinders
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Fuel Filler Door Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Latch-Front Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Rear Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Outside Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Inside Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Outside Rear Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Luggage Compartment Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch Remote Control - Fuel Door Release
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Keyless Entry/Computer Operated Locks
      • Description And Operation
        • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Keyless Entry
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • DDM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - DECKLID Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Smart Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative - Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - The Door Ajar Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Luggage Compartment Door Is Inoperative Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly From The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B2425 RKE Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • Remote Memory Activation
        • Remote Memory Deactivation
        • Autolock and Horn Chirp Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Keypad - Keyless Entry
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Panel System - Body Closures
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Body Closures
          • Component Location
      • General Procedures
        • Torsion Bar Loading
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door - Luggage Compartment
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Body Panel System - Front End Body Panels
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front End Body Panels
          • Component Location
      • Removal And Installation
        • Grille Opening Panel Reinforcement
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Body Panel System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Body
          • Body and Sheet Metal
        • Insulation
        • Body Sealer Types And Applications
          • Liquid Butyl Sealer
          • Caulking Cord
          • Weatherstrip Adhesive
          • Silicone Lubricant
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Body System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Leaks
            • Noise
          • Symptom Chart
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Molding - Exterior
          • Removal and Installation
        • Molding - Front Door Outside Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Rear Door Outside Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Front Fender Side Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Quarter Outside Lower Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Molding - Body Rocker Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Trim Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Power Outside Rear View
          • Inside Rear View-Automatic Dimming
          • Memory
          • Reverse Drive Rear View
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors - Rear View
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Driver Seat Module (DSM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Driver Door Module-Unable To Carry Out The Driver Door Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Driver Seat Module-Unable To Carry Out The Driver Seat Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Mirrors Are Inoperative-A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Mirrors Motors Operate In One Second Intervals-Memory Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Reverse Tilt Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Auto Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Heated Outside Mirror Does Not Defrost
      • Removal And Installation
        • Mirror - Power Outside Rear View
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Glass
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror Control
          • Removal and Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front
            • Notes
            • Seat Occupant Sensor (Typical)
            • Seat Occupant Sensor
            • Lumbar Support
            • Power Recliner
            • Heated
            • Easy Entry/Easy Exit
            • Programmable
            • Driver Seat Module
            • Side Air Bag
          • Rear
            • Heated
            • Rear Seat Armrest-Cartier L and Executive L
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Driver Door Module - Unable To Carry Out The Driver Door Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Driver Seat Module - Unable To Carry Out The Driver Seat Module Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel - Motors Operate In One Second Intervals
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: Easy Exit/Easy Entry Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver Cushion
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger Cushion
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seats Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B1676 Battery Voltage Out Of Range
      • General Procedures
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Deactivation
          • Reactivation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat - Center
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat Backrest
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat Cushion
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Control Switch - Redundant Front Passenger Fore/Aft, Cartier L and Executive L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Armrest - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Power
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Manual
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heated Seat Module - Front Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heated Seat Module - Rear Seat
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Position Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumber Motor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Side Air Bag Wiring Harness
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Front Center
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Front Top
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Front Bottom
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Rear
          • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Sunroof
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Roof Opening Panel
          • Component Location
          • Sliding Roof Panel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Roof Opening Panel
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Sliding Roof Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Sliding Roof Panel Leaks
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Sliding Roof Panel Is Noisy During Operation
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Sliding Roof Panel Does Not Open Or Close
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Sliding Roof Panel Does Not Open Or Close In The Vent Position
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Sliding Roof Panel Does Not Stop In The Flush Position From Any Position
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Express Open Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Sliding Roof Panel Will Not Slide Closed Or Will Not Vent Up
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Sliding Roof Panel Will Not Slide Open Or Will Not Close From The Vent Position
      • General Procedures
        • Height Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Panel - Roof
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glass - Roof Opening
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Opening Shield - Sliding Roof Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trough Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Windows
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Component Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The One Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Back Window Will Not Defrost
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Back Window Defroster Will Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Delayed Accessory Is Inoperative - Will Not Stay On For 10 Minutes
          • Component Tests
            • Grid Wire Test
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
        • Lead Terminal Repair
        • Door Window Glass Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Door, Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Door, Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Power, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Electric Drive, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Power, Rear Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Electric Drive, Rear Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run - Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Control System
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control-Anti-Wheelspin Control
          • Notes
          • Brake Fluid
          • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
          • Anti-Lock Brake System
          • Traction Control
          • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
          • Warning Lamp Indicators
          • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Front
          • Rear
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control-Anti-Wheelspin Control
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1296 (LF), DTC C1297 (RF), DTC C1298 (RR), DTC C1299 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Module-Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Traction Control Cannot Be Disabled/Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator And Traction Control Active Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: No Communication With The Module - Hybrid Electronic Cluster (HEC)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit - (HCU)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module-Anti-Lock Brake Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor-Anti-Lock Brake, Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor-Anti-Lock Brake, Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
          • Component Locations
          • Adjustable Pedals
          • Adjustable Pedal Operation
          • Driver Seat Module
          • Memory Adjustable Pedal Operation
          • Programming Adjustable Pedal Positions
          • Recalling a Stored Adjustable Pedal Position
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Visual Inspection Chart
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
            • Notes
            • Brake Caliper
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
            • Notes
            • Brake Lines and Tubes
          • Non-Pressure Leaks
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
          • Brake Booster
          • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • DTC Index
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
            • Pinpoint Test B: Adjustable Brake Pedal Does Not Operate Correctly - System Without Memory
            • Pinpoint Test C: Adjustable Brake Pedal Does Not Operate Correctly - System With Memory
            • Pinpoint Test D: Adjustable Brake Pedal Does Not Operate Correctly - Does Not Operate Using The Memory Set Switch
          • Check Valve
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
          • Compensator Port Check
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Bleeding - Components
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In-Vehicle Or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Caliper
        • Bleeding - System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Manual
          • Pressure
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • Bleeding Procedure
          • Conventional Bleeding
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Bleeding System Using NGS Scan Tool
        • BRAKELINES
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding Sequence
      • Adjustments
        • Master Cylinder Push Rod
        • Brake Pedal Height
        • Parking Brake
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Removal (Front)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Rear)
        • Brake Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal (Front)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Rear)
        • Parking Brake Cable & Conduit
          • Removal (Front)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Rear)
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Parking Brake Shoes
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Power Booster
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Rear Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
      • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake Control System
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control-Anti-Wheelspin Control
          • Notes
          • Brake Fluid
          • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
          • Anti-Lock Brake System
          • Traction Control
          • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
          • Warning Lamp Indicators
          • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Front
          • Rear
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control-Anti-Wheelspin Control
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1296 (LF), DTC C1297 (RF), DTC C1298 (RR), DTC C1299 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Module-Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Traction Control Cannot Be Disabled/Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator And Traction Control Active Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: No Communication With The Module - Hybrid Electronic Cluster (HEC)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit - (HCU)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module-Anti-Lock Brake Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor-Anti-Lock Brake, Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor-Anti-Lock Brake, Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Driveline System-General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
          • Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing
          • Analysis of Leakage
          • Axle Vent
          • Flange Yoke Seal
          • Axle Shaft Seals
          • Differential Seals
          • Analysis of Vibration
          • Tires
          • Driveline Angle
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear
          • Wheel Hub or Axle Flange Bolt Circle Runout
          • Pilot Runout
          • Wheel Hub or Axle Flange Face Runout
          • Drive Pinion Stem and Pinion Flange
          • Axle Noise
            • Notes
            • Gear Howl and Whine
          • Bearing Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Total Backlash Check
          • Axle Shaft Bearing Noise
          • Analysis of Inoperative Conditions
            • Notes
            • Broken Welds
            • Wheel Bearing Wear/Damage
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Driveline Vibration
            • Driveshaft Vibrates
            • Traction-Lok® Differential Operation Check
            • Traction-Lok® Differential Check Road Test
            • Pinion Flange Runout Check - Circular
            • Tooth Contact Pattern Check - Gearset
            • Contact Pattern Location
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Inspection
        • Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes in Casting) Repair
        • Axle Housing Weld Leaks Repair
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 8.8-Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing and Axle Shaft Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange and Drive Pinion Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Traction-Lok®
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Drive Shafts
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Inspection
        • Drive Shaft Angles
        • Drive Shaft RUNOUT
      • Removal & Installation
        • Drive Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Notes
        • Single CARDAN Universal Joints
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil connector end view (C100)
        • Generator connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator connector end view (C102b)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C118)
        • Power steering valve solenoid connector end view (C120)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C151)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Steering column position sensor connector end view (C222)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C268)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C282)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285a)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285b)
        • Sunload sensor connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Fresh/recirculation door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Radio connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio connector end view (C290c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C303)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cellular phone handset connector end view (C318)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Heated seat module, passenger side front connector end view (C329)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Seat cushion heater, right front connector end view (C334)
        • Seat back heater, right front connector end view (C335)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C336)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341b)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341c)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Heated seat module, driver side front connector end view (C359)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, left front connector end view (C361)
        • Seat cushion heater, left front connector end view (C364)
        • Seat back heater, left front connector end view (C365)
        • Driver seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C366)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Driver seat backrest motor connector end view (C368)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C372)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C373)
        • Driver memory backrest sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C383)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401a)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401b)
        • Cellular phone module connector end view (C403b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door release solenoid connector end view (C409)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C414c)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C417a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamps, left rear connector end view (C417b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C417c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C434)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C487)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C488)
        • Key pad switch assembly connector end view (C500)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504a)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504b)
        • Door lock switch, driver side connector end view (C505)
        • Door entry lamp, left front connector end view (C506)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Fuel door release switch connector end view (C512)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C517)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front connector end view (C526b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C527)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C534)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C538)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602b)
        • Window adjust switch, passenger side connector end view (C604)
        • Door lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C605)
        • Door entry lamp, right front connector end view (C606)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C608)
        • Door lock unit, passenger side front connector end view (C609)
        • Inline Connector end view (C610)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C625)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C627)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C630)
        • Inline Connector end view (C700)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear connector end view (C701)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C702)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C703)
        • Door lock unit, left rear connector end view (C705)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Courtesy lamp, left rear door connector end view (C713)
        • Cigar lighter, left rear door connector end view (C714)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C716)
        • Inline Connector end view (C800)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear connector end view (C801)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C802)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock unit, right rear connector end view (C805)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Courtesy lamp, right rear door connector end view (C812)
        • Cigar lighter, right rear door connector end view (C814)
        • Inline Connector end view (C818)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820b)
        • Map reading lamp, right front connector end view (C903)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907b)
        • Map reading lamp, left front connector end view (C908)
        • Electronic Compass connector end view (C909)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit connector end view (C911)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C912)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C920)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front connector end view (C931)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952b)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C997)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C998)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1070)
        • Heater blower motor connector end view (C1031)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) connector end view (C1035)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • A/C high pressure switch connector end view (C1078)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C1107)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1111)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1112)
        • Parking lamp, left front connector end view (C1113)
        • Parking lamp, right front connector end view (C1114)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C1120)
        • Engine compartment lamp connector end view (C1159)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly connector end view (C1179)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C1189)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor connector end view (C1196)
        • 4R70W transmission connector end view (C1274)
        • Air suspension compressor relay connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C1308)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock connector end view (C2016)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C2031)
        • Power point connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesy lamp, left footwell connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell connector end view (C2057)
        • Accessory delay relay connector end view (C2075)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C2089)
        • Adjustable pedal memory potentiometer connector end view (C2090)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C2092)
        • Diagnostic connector end view (C2122)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131b)
        • Cellular phone microphone connector end view (C2133)
        • Overdrive cancel switch connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145c)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145d)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) connector end view (C2157)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C3015)
        • Power seat switch left connector end view (C3016)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, driver side connector end view (C3032)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, passenger side connector end view (C3037)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C3041)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver connector end view (C3065)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger connector end view (C3066)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3160)
        • Rear audio/climate control switch connector end view (C3161)
        • Heated seat module, left rear connector end view (C3162)
        • Heated seat module, right rear connector end view (C3163)
        • Power point, left rear connector end view (C3164)
        • Power point, right rear connector end view (C3165)
        • Seat cushion heater, left rear connector end view (C3167)
        • Seat back heater, left rear connector end view (C3168)
        • Seat cushion heater, right rear connector end view (C3169)
        • Seat back heater, right rear connector end view (C3170)
        • Passenger seat recliner motor connector end view (C3189)
        • Redundant seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C3197)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219a)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219b)
        • Air suspension height sensor connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, right connector end view (C4045)
        • License plate lamp connector end view (C4046)
        • Filter connector end view (C4047)
        • Air suspension disable switch connector end view (C4087)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C4116)
  • Charging Systems
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery and Cables
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Battery
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Charging System - Generators & Regulators
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Load Test
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
        • Parasitic Draw Test
        • Electronic Module Parasitic Draw Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Test B: Warning Indicator On With Engine Running, System Is Not Charging
        • Test C: System Overcharges
        • Test D: Warning Indicator On With Engine Running, System Is Charging
        • Test E: Warning Indicator Off With Ignition On
        • Test F: Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent
        • Test G: Generator Is Noisy
        • Test H: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Central Junction Box
      • Fusible Links
      • Relay Box
  • Gauges
    • Information Center
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Information And Message Center
          • Message Center Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • HEC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC)
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Message Center Is Not Operating Properly
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Message Center Switch Is Not Operating Properly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Luggage Compartment Door Ajar Warning Is Not Operating Properly - Trunk
      • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Message Center
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Gauges
            • Speedometer Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Message Center Displays
            • Odometer
            • Traction Control
            • O/D Off
            • Speed Control
          • Warning Indicators
            • Low Oil Pressure Indicator
            • Brake System Warning Indicator
            • Safety Belt Indicator
            • Fail-Safe Cooling Mode Indicator
            • Service Engine Soon
            • Check Fuel Cap Indicator
            • High Beam Indicator
            • Air Bag Indicator
            • Charging System Indicator
            • ABS Indicator
            • Left and Right Turn Signal Indicators
            • Instrument Cluster Installation
            • Parameter Reset and Key Programming
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Low Oil Pressure
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - High Beam
            • Pinpoint Test L: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Low Washer Fluid Warning Display
            • Pinpoint Test M: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Abs Warning
            • Pinpoint Test N: An Indicator Is Inoperative / Always On - Traction Control Warning Display
            • Pinpoint Test P: An Indicator Is Inoperative / Always On - O/D Off Display
            • Pinpoint Test Q: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Air Suspension Display
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test S: An Indicator Is Inoperative / Always On - Check Fuel Cap Warning
            • Pinpoint Test T: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On-Service Engine Soon
            • Pinpoint Test U: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Turn / Hazard
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test W: An Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - Fail-Safe Cooling Warning
            • Pinpoint Test X: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Carry Out On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Unable To Perform On-Demand Self-Test On Lighting Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Steering Wheel Control Switches
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Electric Clock
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Panel Dimmer
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Instrument Panel Components:
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glove Compartment
          • Removal and Installation
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil connector end view (C100)
        • Generator connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator connector end view (C102b)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C118)
        • Power steering valve solenoid connector end view (C120)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C151)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Steering column position sensor connector end view (C222)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C268)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C282)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285a)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285b)
        • Sunload sensor connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Fresh/recirculation door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Radio connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio connector end view (C290c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C303)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cellular phone handset connector end view (C318)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Heated seat module, passenger side front connector end view (C329)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Seat cushion heater, right front connector end view (C334)
        • Seat back heater, right front connector end view (C335)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C336)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341b)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341c)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Heated seat module, driver side front connector end view (C359)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, left front connector end view (C361)
        • Seat cushion heater, left front connector end view (C364)
        • Seat back heater, left front connector end view (C365)
        • Driver seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C366)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Driver seat backrest motor connector end view (C368)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C372)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C373)
        • Driver memory backrest sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C383)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401a)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401b)
        • Cellular phone module connector end view (C403b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door release solenoid connector end view (C409)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C414c)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C417a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamps, left rear connector end view (C417b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C417c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C434)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C487)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C488)
        • Key pad switch assembly connector end view (C500)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504a)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504b)
        • Door lock switch, driver side connector end view (C505)
        • Door entry lamp, left front connector end view (C506)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Fuel door release switch connector end view (C512)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C517)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front connector end view (C526b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C527)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C534)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C538)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602b)
        • Window adjust switch, passenger side connector end view (C604)
        • Door lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C605)
        • Door entry lamp, right front connector end view (C606)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C608)
        • Door lock unit, passenger side front connector end view (C609)
        • Inline Connector end view (C610)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C625)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C627)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C630)
        • Inline Connector end view (C700)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear connector end view (C701)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C702)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C703)
        • Door lock unit, left rear connector end view (C705)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Courtesy lamp, left rear door connector end view (C713)
        • Cigar lighter, left rear door connector end view (C714)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C716)
        • Inline Connector end view (C800)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear connector end view (C801)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C802)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock unit, right rear connector end view (C805)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Courtesy lamp, right rear door connector end view (C812)
        • Cigar lighter, right rear door connector end view (C814)
        • Inline Connector end view (C818)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820b)
        • Map reading lamp, right front connector end view (C903)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907b)
        • Map reading lamp, left front connector end view (C908)
        • Electronic Compass connector end view (C909)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit connector end view (C911)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C912)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C920)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front connector end view (C931)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952b)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C997)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C998)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1070)
        • Heater blower motor connector end view (C1031)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) connector end view (C1035)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • A/C high pressure switch connector end view (C1078)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C1107)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1111)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1112)
        • Parking lamp, left front connector end view (C1113)
        • Parking lamp, right front connector end view (C1114)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C1120)
        • Engine compartment lamp connector end view (C1159)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly connector end view (C1179)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C1189)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor connector end view (C1196)
        • 4R70W transmission connector end view (C1274)
        • Air suspension compressor relay connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C1308)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock connector end view (C2016)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C2031)
        • Power point connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesy lamp, left footwell connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell connector end view (C2057)
        • Accessory delay relay connector end view (C2075)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C2089)
        • Adjustable pedal memory potentiometer connector end view (C2090)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C2092)
        • Diagnostic connector end view (C2122)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131b)
        • Cellular phone microphone connector end view (C2133)
        • Overdrive cancel switch connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145c)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145d)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) connector end view (C2157)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C3015)
        • Power seat switch left connector end view (C3016)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, driver side connector end view (C3032)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, passenger side connector end view (C3037)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C3041)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver connector end view (C3065)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger connector end view (C3066)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3160)
        • Rear audio/climate control switch connector end view (C3161)
        • Heated seat module, left rear connector end view (C3162)
        • Heated seat module, right rear connector end view (C3163)
        • Power point, left rear connector end view (C3164)
        • Power point, right rear connector end view (C3165)
        • Seat cushion heater, left rear connector end view (C3167)
        • Seat back heater, left rear connector end view (C3168)
        • Seat cushion heater, right rear connector end view (C3169)
        • Seat back heater, right rear connector end view (C3170)
        • Passenger seat recliner motor connector end view (C3189)
        • Redundant seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C3197)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219a)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219b)
        • Air suspension height sensor connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, right connector end view (C4045)
        • License plate lamp connector end view (C4046)
        • Filter connector end view (C4047)
        • Air suspension disable switch connector end view (C4087)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C4116)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • Component Tests
        • Starter Relay
        • Ignition Switch
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil connector end view (C100)
        • Generator connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator connector end view (C102b)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) connector end view (C118)
        • Power steering valve solenoid connector end view (C120)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C151)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Steering column position sensor connector end view (C222)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C268)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C282)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285a)
        • Stud, junction box connector end view (C285b)
        • Sunload sensor connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Fresh/recirculation door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Radio connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio connector end view (C290c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C303)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cellular phone handset connector end view (C318)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Heated seat module, passenger side front connector end view (C329)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Seat cushion heater, right front connector end view (C334)
        • Seat back heater, right front connector end view (C335)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C336)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341b)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C341c)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Heated seat module, driver side front connector end view (C359)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, left front connector end view (C361)
        • Seat cushion heater, left front connector end view (C364)
        • Seat back heater, left front connector end view (C365)
        • Driver seat lumbar compressor motor connector end view (C366)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Driver seat backrest motor connector end view (C368)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C372)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C373)
        • Driver memory backrest sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C383)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401a)
        • Vehicle Emergency Message System (VEMS) module connector end view (C401b)
        • Cellular phone module connector end view (C403b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door release solenoid connector end view (C409)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C414b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C414c)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C417a)
        • Park/stop/turn lamps, left rear connector end view (C417b)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C417c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C434)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C487)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C488)
        • Key pad switch assembly connector end view (C500)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504a)
        • Master window adjust switch connector end view (C504b)
        • Door lock switch, driver side connector end view (C505)
        • Door entry lamp, left front connector end view (C506)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Fuel door release switch connector end view (C512)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C516b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, left connector end view (C517)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front connector end view (C526b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C527)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C534)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C538)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front connector end view (C602b)
        • Window adjust switch, passenger side connector end view (C604)
        • Door lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C605)
        • Door entry lamp, right front connector end view (C606)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C608)
        • Door lock unit, passenger side front connector end view (C609)
        • Inline Connector end view (C610)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C622b)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right connector end view (C625)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C627)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C630)
        • Inline Connector end view (C700)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear connector end view (C701)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C702)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C703)
        • Door lock unit, left rear connector end view (C705)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Courtesy lamp, left rear door connector end view (C713)
        • Cigar lighter, left rear door connector end view (C714)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear connector end view (C715b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C716)
        • Inline Connector end view (C800)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear connector end view (C801)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C802)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock unit, right rear connector end view (C805)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Courtesy lamp, right rear door connector end view (C812)
        • Cigar lighter, right rear door connector end view (C814)
        • Inline Connector end view (C818)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear connector end view (C820b)
        • Map reading lamp, right front connector end view (C903)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C906b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C907b)
        • Map reading lamp, left front connector end view (C908)
        • Electronic Compass connector end view (C909)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit connector end view (C911)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C912)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C920)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front connector end view (C931)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left rear connector end view (C950b)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952a)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right rear connector end view (C952b)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C997)
        • Roof opening panel module connector end view (C998)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1070)
        • Heater blower motor connector end view (C1031)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) connector end view (C1035)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • A/C high pressure switch connector end view (C1078)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C1107)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1111)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1112)
        • Parking lamp, left front connector end view (C1113)
        • Parking lamp, right front connector end view (C1114)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C1120)
        • Engine compartment lamp connector end view (C1159)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly connector end view (C1179)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C1189)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor connector end view (C1196)
        • 4R70W transmission connector end view (C1274)
        • Air suspension compressor relay connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C1308)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock connector end view (C2016)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C2031)
        • Power point connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesy lamp, left footwell connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell connector end view (C2057)
        • Accessory delay relay connector end view (C2075)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C2089)
        • Adjustable pedal memory potentiometer connector end view (C2090)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C2092)
        • Diagnostic connector end view (C2122)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module connector end view (C2131b)
        • Cellular phone microphone connector end view (C2133)
        • Overdrive cancel switch connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145c)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C2145d)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) connector end view (C2157)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C3015)
        • Power seat switch left connector end view (C3016)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, driver side connector end view (C3032)
        • Climate controlled seat switch, passenger side connector end view (C3037)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C3041)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver connector end view (C3065)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger connector end view (C3066)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor connector end view (C3159b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3160)
        • Rear audio/climate control switch connector end view (C3161)
        • Heated seat module, left rear connector end view (C3162)
        • Heated seat module, right rear connector end view (C3163)
        • Power point, left rear connector end view (C3164)
        • Power point, right rear connector end view (C3165)
        • Seat cushion heater, left rear connector end view (C3167)
        • Seat back heater, left rear connector end view (C3168)
        • Seat cushion heater, right rear connector end view (C3169)
        • Seat back heater, right rear connector end view (C3170)
        • Passenger seat recliner motor connector end view (C3189)
        • Redundant seat adjust switch, passenger side front connector end view (C3197)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219a)
        • Isolator/radio antenna module connector end view (C3219b)
        • Air suspension height sensor connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, right connector end view (C4045)
        • License plate lamp connector end view (C4046)
        • Filter connector end view (C4047)
        • Air suspension disable switch connector end view (C4087)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C4116)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Power Steering
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Electric Cooling Fan
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • Crown Victoria
      • Grand Marquis
      • Town Car
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operation Temperatures
          • Component Tests
            • Pressure Test
          • Cap
          • Thermostat - Water
            • Notes
            • Thermostat - Electrical Test
          • Thermostat - Mechanical Test
            • Notes
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
          • Fan - Electric Test
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling and Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Engine and Radiator Flushing
        • Heater Core Backflushing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Pump
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fan - Fan Motor, Fan Blade, and Shroud Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Degas Bottle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sender Unit - Water Temperature Indicator
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine
      • Specifications
        • Materials Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover RH
          • Materials
          • Removal and Installation
        • Valve Cover LH
          • Materials
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Springs
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjusters
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft Roller Follower
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold RH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold LH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cylinder Head RH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Engine
        • Notes
        • Cylinder Head LH
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Filter Adapter
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pressure Sender
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flexplate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal with Retainer Plate
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Mount - RH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Mount - LH
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston
          • Materials
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Installation
    • Engine System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points - Underhood
            • Leakage Points - Under Engine - With Vehicle on Hoist
            • Leakage Points - With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test - Compression Gauge Check
          • Compression Test - Test Results
          • Compression Pressure Limit Chart
          • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
          • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Cover Removed
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Rocker Arm
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft - Engines
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Push Rods
          • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valves and Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - Push Rod Engine
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engines, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Plastigage Method
        • Camshaft End Play - Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft Runout
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
        • Crankshaft End Play
        • Crankshaft Runout
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
        • Piston - Pin to Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston - To Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Notes
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Notes
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve - Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
          • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • Component Tests
        • Starter Relay
        • Ignition Switch
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - On-Vehicle Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
      • Notes
      • 2.0L Engine (VIN 3)
      • 3.0L Engine (VIN S)
      • 3.9L Engine (VIN A)
    • Ignition Timing
    • Idle Speed
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Cars
      • Engine Introduction - Cars
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Restraint Type Code - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • 1994-96 All Except 2.5L (VIN B)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1.8L & 2.5L (EEC Systems)
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
      • Pcm Connector End Views
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Cougar 2.0L M/T
          • Cougar 2.5L A/T
          • Cougar 2.5L M/T
        • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Gasoline Vehicle)
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Natural Gas Vehicle)
        • Escort & ZX2
          • Escort 2.0L 2V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V M/T
        • Focus
          • Focus 2.0L 2V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 2V M/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V M/T
        • LS
          • LS 3.0L A/T
          • LS 3.0L M/T
          • LS 3.9L A/T
        • Mustang
          • Mustang 3.8L A/T
          • Mustang 3.8L M/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V A/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V M/T
        • Sable & Taurus
          • Notes
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 2V (Flexible Fuel & Gasoline)
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 4V
        • Thunderbird
        • Town Car
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
      • Ignition Systems
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Safety Precautions
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Line Connectors
          • Notes
          • Removal (Spring Lock Coupling)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Hairpin Clip Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation (Duck-Bill Type Fitting)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal & Installation (TOWN CAR & CROWN VICTORIA & GRAND MARQUIS)
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Evaporative Emissions Systems
        • Evaporative Emissions System Safety Precautions
        • Vapor Tube Fittings
        • Evaporative System Canister
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporative System Purge Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporative System Vapor Vent Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporative System Vent Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
        • After Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacity
        • Transmission Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacity
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
        • Valve Clearance
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • 2.0L DOHC
          • 2.0L SOHC
          • 2.5L
          • 3.0L (2V)
          • 3.0L (4V)
          • 3.8L
          • 3.9L
          • 4.6L
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Speed & Mixture
        • Throttle Position Sensor
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Idle Control System
          • Idle Air Control Valve Assembly
        • Supercharger (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger By-Pass System
          • Supercharger Intercooler (Charge Air Cooler) System
        • Variable Induction System
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control - 2.0L (VIN P), 2.5L (VIN L), Windstar 3.8L (VIN 4), & 4.2L (VIN 2)
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Vacuum Actuated System - 2.3L (VIN D)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve - 3.0L (VIN S), Econoline & Pickup 4.6L (VIN W), & 5.4L 4V (VIN A)
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy
          • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory
        • Power & Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power
          • Vehicle Power
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Terminals
        • Powertrain Control Module Software
          • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
          • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
          • Failure Mode Effects Management
          • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
          • Fuel Trim
          • Idle Air Trim
          • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination
          • Multiplexing
          • Standard Corporate Protocol
        • Diagnostic Monitors
          • Notes
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Description
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor
          • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor
          • Fuel System Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Misfire Detection Monitoring
          • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
          • Thermostat Monitor
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • A/C Pressure Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • A/C High Pressure Switch
          • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Fan Speed Sensor
          • Fuel Level Input
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (With Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (Without Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Power Take-Off Switch
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • 4x4 Mode Switch
        • Output Devices
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
          • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Fan Control
          • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Light
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pump (Applications Using Fuel Pump Relay For Fuel Pump ON/OFF Control)
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications & Applications With Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated In Rear Electronic Module)
          • Generator Communication
          • Hydraulic Cooling Fan Drive (LS & Thunderbird Only)
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Secondary Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Solid State Relay
          • Thermostat Heater Control
          • Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off Relay
          • Vapor Management Valve
          • Vehicle Speed Output
          • Visctronic Drive Fan Clutch
      • Fuel Systems (Gasoline)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch (All Fuel Systems)
        • Fuel Control
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injectors
      • Fuel System (Natural Gas)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Fueling Connector
          • Fuel Lines & Fittings
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Shutoff Valve
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • NG Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • NG Fuel Injectors
      • Ignition Systems
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Coil Pack System
          • Coil On Plug System
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Variable Cam Timing
          • Description
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid Valve
          • Variable Cam Timing Unit Assembly
      • Catalyst & Exhaust Systems
        • Catalyst System
          • Notes
          • Catalytic Converter
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • 3-Way Catalytic Converter
          • 3-Way Catalyst Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Hardware
          • Exhaust Manifold & Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Upstream & Downstream Heated Oxygen Sensors
          • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Fuel Evaporative Systems
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission System
          • Notes
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery EVAP System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Secondary Air Injection System
        • Description
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
          • Notes
          • AIR By-Pass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
          • Electric AIR Pump
      • EGR Systems
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Remote Mounted)
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Tube Mounted)
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • EGR Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Electric EGR Motor System
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Pcm Controlled Charging System
          • Description
          • Generator Communication
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Cars
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • Escort & Escort ZX2
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Active) DTCS
      • Anti-Theft Systems HEC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Anti-Theft Systems LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Cruise Control System DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Panels (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Instrument Panels (Instrument Cluster) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Instrument Panel (HEC) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
      • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Mirrors DTCS
      • Power Mirrors Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Power Mirror Driver Seat Module (DSM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Seats DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Suspension (Electronic - Air) DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Climate Control System-General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Heat Transfer
          • Latent Heat of Vaporization
          • Relative Humidity
          • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • System Airflow Description - Electronic Automatic Climate Control
            • Off
            • Auto
            • Max A/C
            • Panel
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module Self-Test
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module - Display Continuous Codes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 Or DTC B1253 - A/C In-Car Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 Or DTC B1257- A/C Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1261 - A/C Solar Radiation Sensor Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B2416 - RECIRCULATION Door Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test G: The EATC System Is Inoperative, Intermittent Or Incorrect Operation
            • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
            • Pinpoint Test I: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative-EATC
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly-EATC
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Temperature Set Point Does Not Repeat After Turning The Ignition Switch Off
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Temperature Display Will Not Switch Between CELSIUS And FAHRENHEIT
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Steering Wheel Control Switch Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Rear Audio/Climate Control Switch Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Heater Core
            • Heater Core-Plugged
            • Heater Core-Pressure Test
            • Heater Core-Bench Test
            • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core-On-Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor-External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check - Retail Procedure
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an A/C Refrigerant Center and Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using a Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair-Mini-Tube
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Air Conditioning
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • A/C System
          • Notes
          • A/C Compressor and Clutch Assembly
          • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Condenser Core
          • Refrigerant Lines
          • Evaporator Core
          • A/C Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Suction Accumulator/Drier
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • A/C Pressure Cutoff Switch
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Peanut Fitting
          • Service Gauge Port Valves
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Conditioning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clutch And Clutch Field Coil
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Suction Accumulator/Drier
          • Removal and Installation
        • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pressure Cutoff Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Removal and Installation
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Line-Evaporator To Compressor Suction
          • Removal and Installation
        • Line-Compressor to Condenser Discharge
          • Removal and Installation
        • Line-Condenser to Evaporator
          • Removal and Installation
    • Air Distribution & Filtering
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Distribution
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Distribution
      • Removal And Installation
        • Register - LH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Register - RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Register - Center
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Footwell Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door - Rear Seat HI/LO Airflow
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Instrument Panel Air Distribution Ducts
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Climate Control System-General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Heat Transfer
          • Latent Heat of Vaporization
          • Relative Humidity
          • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • System Airflow Description - Electronic Automatic Climate Control
            • Off
            • Auto
            • Max A/C
            • Panel
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module Self-Test
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module - Display Continuous Codes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 Or DTC B1253 - A/C In-Car Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 Or DTC B1257- A/C Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1261 - A/C Solar Radiation Sensor Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B2416 - RECIRCULATION Door Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test G: The EATC System Is Inoperative, Intermittent Or Incorrect Operation
            • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
            • Pinpoint Test I: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative-EATC
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly-EATC
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Temperature Set Point Does Not Repeat After Turning The Ignition Switch Off
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Temperature Display Will Not Switch Between CELSIUS And FAHRENHEIT
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Steering Wheel Control Switch Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Rear Audio/Climate Control Switch Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Heater Core
            • Heater Core-Plugged
            • Heater Core-Pressure Test
            • Heater Core-Bench Test
            • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core-On-Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor-External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check - Retail Procedure
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an A/C Refrigerant Center and Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using a Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair-Mini-Tube
    • Heating & Ventilation
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Heating and Defrosting
          • Notes
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Heating and Defrosting
      • Removal And Installation
        • Heater Hose
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal and Installation
    • HVAC System - Control Components
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Control Components
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Control System Inputs
            • Climate Control Assembly
            • Steering Wheel Audio/Climate Control Switch
            • Rear Audio/Climate Control Switch
            • A/C Ambient Air Temperature Sensor
            • In-Car Temperature Sensor
            • A/C Sunload Sensor
          • Control System Outputs
            • A/C Blower Motor Speed Control
            • A/C Electronic Blend Door Actuator
            • A/C Electronic Recirc Door Actuator
            • Rear Audio/Climate Control Module
            • Vacuum Control Motors
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Control Components
      • Removal And Installation
        • Control Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor-A/C Ambient Temperature
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor-A/C Sunload
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor-In-Car Temperature
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Electronic Blend Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Electronic Recirc Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Blower Motor Speed Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel/Defrost Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel/Floor Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir Tank
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Front Impact Sensor
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
        • Seat Belt Switches
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
        • Side Air Bag Crash Sensors
        • Side Air Bag Modules
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • Component Replacement Disabling Procedure
          • Diagnostics Disabling Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Disabling Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Activating System
          • Component Replacement Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
          • Diagnostics Activating Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Seats Installed)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER (Seats Installed)
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER-Faulty Unit (Seats Installed)
        • Scrapped Vehicle (Seats Installed)
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners (Seats Installed)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Impact Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Original Equipment OCS)
          • Removal & Installation (Service Part OCS)
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM) (Service Part OCS)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Belt Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Air Bag Crash Sensors
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Bit-Mapped Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM) Configuration
          • Principles Of Operation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Open Or Short To Ground (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Ground Circuit Open (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Circuit Fault (DTC B2290)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Restraint System-Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Status (DTC B2292)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Restraint System-Air Bag Status (DTC B2293)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Restraint System-Side Air Bag Status (DTC B2295)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Restraint System-Impact Sensor Status (DTC B2296)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Open (DTC B2432)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B2433)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2434)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2435)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Open (DTC B2436)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B2437)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2438)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2439)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Model Configuration Fault (DTC B2477)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Incorrect Vehicle Identification (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Open (DTC C1946)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Short To Ground (DTC C1947)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC C1948)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Short To Battery (DTC C1982)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: No Communication With RCM
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
• Steering
  • Electronic Steering
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1441, C1442 Steering Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: Pinpoint Test C: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test D: Pinpoint Test D: Steering Does Not Vary With Increased Wheel Rotation
            • Pinpoint Test E: Pinpoint Test E: Steering Does Not Vary With Vehicle Speed
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With Module - Rear Air Suspension Control Module
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Sector Shaft Arm Inspection - Backlash
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
        • Purging
        • Fill
        • Meshload Adjustment
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Mechanical System
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Power Steering Pump
          • Electronic Variable Orifice EVO System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Control Valve Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Gear - Power Steering
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Linkage
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Linkage
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie Rod End - Outer
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tie Rod End - Inner
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Adjusting Sleeve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sector Shaft Arm Drag Link
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sector Shaft Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Idler Arm and Bracket
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1441, C1442 Steering Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: Pinpoint Test C: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test D: Pinpoint Test D: Steering Does Not Vary With Increased Wheel Rotation
            • Pinpoint Test E: Pinpoint Test E: Steering Does Not Vary With Vehicle Speed
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With Module - Rear Air Suspension Control Module
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Sector Shaft Arm Inspection - Backlash
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
        • Purging
        • Fill
        • Meshload Adjustment
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Mechanical System
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Power Steering Pump
          • Electronic Variable Orifice EVO System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Control Valve Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Gear - Power Steering
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Linkage
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Linkage
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie Rod End - Outer
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tie Rod End - Inner
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Adjusting Sleeve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sector Shaft Arm Drag Link
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sector Shaft Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Idler Arm and Bracket
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1441, C1442 Steering Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: Pinpoint Test C: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test D: Pinpoint Test D: Steering Does Not Vary With Increased Wheel Rotation
            • Pinpoint Test E: Pinpoint Test E: Steering Does Not Vary With Vehicle Speed
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With Module - Rear Air Suspension Control Module
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Sector Shaft Arm Inspection - Backlash
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
        • Purging
        • Fill
        • Meshload Adjustment
  • Steering Column
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Column
    • General Procedures
      • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Deactivation
        • Reactivation
    • Removal And Installation
      • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Functional Lock Cylinder
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Non-Functional Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Wheel
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Clockspring
        • Removal and Installation
      • Column
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Sensor Ring
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Shaft
        • Removal and Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Steering Column
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension
    • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Rear Air Suspension Control Module
          • Air Suspension Switch
          • Air Compressor
          • Air Suspension Height Sensor
          • Solenoid Valve, Air Spring
          • Steering Sensor
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
            • Rear Air Suspension Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With Rear Air Suspension Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1317 - Battery Voltage High, DTC B1318 - Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1722 - Air Suspension Height Sensor Circuit Short To Power, DTC C1842 - Air Suspension Switch Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1723 - Air Suspension Height Sensor Power Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1760 - Air Suspension Rear Height Sensor High Signal Circuit Failure, DTC C1765 - Air Suspension Rear Height Sensor Low Signal Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1763 - Air Suspension Height Rear Sensor High Signal Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1768 - Air Suspension Rear Height Sensor Low Signal Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC C1770 - Air Suspension Vent Solenoid Output Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC C1773 - Air Suspension Vent Solenoid Output Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC C1790 - Air Suspension LR Air Spring Solenoid Output Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC C1793 - Air Suspension LR Air Spring Solenoid Output Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC C1795 - Air Suspension RR Air Spring Solenoid Output Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test N: DTC C1798 - Air Suspension RR Air Spring Solenoid Output Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC C1813 - Air Suspension Vent Request Exceeded Maximum Timing
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC C1818 - Air Suspension Air Compressor Request Exceeded Maximum Timing
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC C1830 - Air Compressor Relay Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC C1832 - Air Compressor Relay Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC C1840 - Air Suspension Switch Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test T: Did Not Detect Open And Close Door Signals
            • Pinpoint Test U: Compressor Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test V: Air Compressor Continuously Cycles With Ignition Switch In Off Position And No DTC Is Set
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Adjustments
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inflation and Deflation of the Air Suspension System
        • Air Line Repair
        • Air Leaks
        • Air Line Fluid Purge
        • Air Spring Fill
          • Refold Procedure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Air Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Compressor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Drier
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module - Air Suspension Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Spring
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Solenoid Valve - Functional.
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Solenoid Valve - Non-Functional.
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Height Sensor - Air Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension
      • Description
      • Adjustments & Inspection
        • Ball Joint Checking
        • Front Wheel Bearings
        • Ride Height
        • Wheel Alignment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Coil Spring
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Wheel Bearings
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Ball Joint
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spindle Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar & Link Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Ball Joint
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Control Arm Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
        • Torque Specifications - Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
        • Torque Specifications - Town Car
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Ride Height
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Bearing Inspection
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment - Front
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension
      • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Arm -Lower
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Arm -Upper
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Arm -Lateral and Watts Link Pivot Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bar and Link
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Arm -Lateral and Watts Link Pivot Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Ride Height
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Bearing Inspection
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment - Front
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Ride Height
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Bearing Inspection
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment - Front
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission - Diagnosis - 4R70W
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Description & Operation
        • Introduction
        • Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Formats
          • Retrieving DTCs
          • Key On, Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On, Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Powertrain Control Module
        • Input Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Clutch Switch
          • Anti-Lock Brake Speed Sensor
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
          • Electronic Ignition
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Programmable Speedometer/Odometer Module
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Output Devices
          • Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
          • Shift Solenoid Assemblies
          • Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid
        • Shift Interlock System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Electronic)
          • Harsh Forward Engagement Only
          • Harsh Reverse Engagement Only
          • Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Some Or All Shifts Early Or Late
          • Erratic Or Hunting Shifts
          • Soft Or Slipping Shifts
          • Harsh Shifts
          • No 1st Gear In Drive, Engages In Higher Gear
          • No Manual 1st Or 2nd Gear
          • No 1-2, 2-3 Or 3-4 Upshift In "D" Position
          • No 4-3, 3-2 Or 2-1 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No TCC Engagement
          • TCC Always Engaged
          • TCC Cycling, Shuddering Or Chattering
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • Engine Will Not Crank
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Mechanical)
          • Notes
          • No Forward Gears
          • No Reverse
          • Harsh Reverse Engagement
          • Harsh Forward Engagement
          • Delayed/Soft Reverse Engagement
          • Delayed/Soft Forward Engagement
          • Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Early/Late Shift Speeds
          • Erratic/Hunting Shifting
          • Soft/Slipping Shift Feel
          • Harsh Shift Feel
          • No 1st Gear In Drive, Engages In Higher Gear
          • No Manual Low Gear
          • No Manual 2nd Gear
          • No 1-2 Shift In "D" Position
          • No 2-3 Shift In "D" Position
          • No 3-4 Shift In "D" Position
          • No 4-3 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No 3-2 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No 2-1 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No Torque Converter Clutch Application
          • Torque Converter Clutch Always Applied
          • Torque Converter Clutch Cycling/Shudder/Chatter
          • No Engine Braking In 2nd Gear, Manual 2nd Or 1st Gear
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • Transmission Overheating
        • Clutch & Band Applications
      • Performance Tests
        • Road Test
        • Shift Speed Specifications
        • Hydraulic Pressure Tests
          • Notes
          • Line Pressure Test
          • EPC Pressure Check
          • Clutch Pressure Test
        • Line Pressure Test Results
          • High At Idle In All Ranges
          • Low At Idle In All Ranges
          • Low In "P"
          • Low In "R"
          • Low In "N"
          • Low In "OD"
          • Low In "2nd"
          • Low In "1st"
        • Stall Speed Test
          • Notes
          • Testing Precautions
          • Testing Procedure
        • Stall Speed Test Results
          • Low In All Ranges
          • High In "OD" Position
          • High In "OD", "2" & "1" Position
          • High In "D", "2", "1" & "R" Position
          • High In "R" Position
        • Air Pressure Tests
          • Test Procedures
          • Reverse Clutch
          • Forward Clutch
          • Intermediate Clutch
          • Overdrive Servo
          • Reverse Servo
          • Direct Clutch
          • 2-3 Accumulator
          • 1-2 Accumulator
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes (Quick Test)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Visual Check
          • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hook-Up
          • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset
        • Scan Tool Unable To Communicate
        • Additional System Functions
        • Torque CONVERTOR Engagement Test
        • Transmission Drive Cycle Test
        • Output State Control Modes
          • Notes
          • OSC Preliminary Procedures
          • TCC & Shift Solenoids (Bench Mode)
          • EPC Solenoid (Bench Mode)
          • GR _ CM Mode (Drive Mode)
          • TCC Mode (Drive Mode)
          • EPC Mode (Drive Mode)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Shift & TCC Solenoids
        • Test B: TFT Sensor
        • Test C: Digital Transmission Range Sensor
        • Test D: Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
        • Test E: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Test F: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
      • Symptom Tests
        • Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp Does Not Function
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Automatic Transmission Cooler
      • Description & Operation
        • Transmission Cooling
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Transmission Cooling
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
      • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Cooler
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes
          • Removal & Installation
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes - Backflushing & Cleaning
      • Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
    • Automatic Transmission Servicing
      • Application
      • Identification
        • Oil Pan Gasket
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
        • Checking Fluid Level
        • Recommended Fluid
        • Fluid Capacities
        • Draining & Refilling
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Back Flushing & Cleaning
      • On-Vehicle Repairs
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Shift Indicator
        • Transmission Range Sensor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Control Valve Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Extension Housing & Rear Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Manual Control Lever Shaft & Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Overdrive Servo Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Reverse Servo Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 1-2 Accumulator Piston
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 2-3 Accumulator Piston
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Overhaul - Automatic Transmission
      • Disassembly
        • Transmission
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
            • Main Control Valve Body - Disassembled View
          • Assembly
        • Pump & Intermediate Clutch Piston
          • Notes
          • Pump & Intermediate Clutch Piston - Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Intermediate One-Way Clutch
          • Intermediate Clutch Cylinder Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Notes
          • Reverse Clutch Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Forward Clutch - Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planetary Gear Support Assembly & Planetary One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Reverse Sun Gear
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft & Direct Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Output Shaft, Direct Clutch Cylinder & Ring Gear Disassembled View
          • Direct Clutch Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Torque Converter
        • Torque Converter Cleaning and Inspection
        • Torque Converter Flushing
        • Torque Converter Leak Check
        • Torque Converter Impeller to Pump Stator Interference Check
        • Torque Converter End Play Check
        • Torque Converter One-Way Clutch Check
        • Torque Converter Turbine to Pump Stator Interference Check
      • Assembly
        • Transmission
    • Shift Interlock System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Shift Interlock Actuator
          • All Models (Except Escort, LS, Villager & ZX2)
          • Escort, LS, Villager & ZX2
        • Emergency Override Function
          • Notes
          • Cougar
          • Escort, Focus & ZX2
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Symptom Diagnosis
      • System Tests
        • Pinpoint Test A (Cougar)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (ECONOLINE)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Escape)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Escort & ZX2)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Focus)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (F150 Pickup)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (LS)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Sable & TAURUS)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Town Car)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Villager)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Shift Interlock & Ignition Relay
          • Notes
          • Component Testing Procedure (No Voltage Applied)
          • Component Testing Procedure (Voltage Applied)
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Villager
        • Selector Dial Bezel
          • Escort & ZX2
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Econoline, F150 Pickup & Town Car)
          • Removal & Installation (Escape & LS)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
          • Removal & Installation (Villager)
        • Center Console
          • Removal & Installation (Sable, Taurus & Town Car - Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
        • Front End Module
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
        • Gearshift Lever Unit
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Selector Dial Bezel
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
        • Shift Interlock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car - Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Econoline)
          • Removal & Installation (Escape)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (F150)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Villager)
        • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Escape)
      • Connector Identification
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Automatic Transmission - Hydraulic Diagrams - 4R70W
    • Automatic Transmission - Hydraulic Diagrams - 4R70W
• External Pages