Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brake DTCS
    • Anti-Theft DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission DTCS
    • Engine Immobilizer DTCS
    • Engine Performance DTCS
    • Instrument Panel DTCS
    • Power Window DTCS
    • Transfer Case DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
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    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Computer
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlocks
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft, Power Door Lock & Keyless Entry Systems
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Mechanical
          • Electrical
      • Component Tests
        • Relays
          • All-Lock & All-Unlock Relay
          • Driver's Door Unlock Relay
      • Symptom Tests
        • Single Door Lock Inoperative
        • All Door Locks Inoperative
        • Door Locks Only Operate From One Switch
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Procedure
        • Retrieving Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Retrieving On-Demand Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Accessing Parameter Identification (PID) Information
      • System Tests
        • Test A: All Door Locks Inoperative
        • Test B: Door Locks Do Not Operate Using Remote Transmitter
        • Test C: No Communication With Rap Module
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Driver's Unlock Relay
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rap Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Immobilizer System - Passive Anti-Theft System
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Theft Indicator Light
        • Encoded Ignition Key
        • Transceiver Module
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Module
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Key Programming (Security Access Procedure)
        • Key Programming (With Programmed Keys)
        • Key Programming (Without Programmed Keys)
        • Key Programming (Spare Key Programming Switch)
        • Key Programming (Using Diagnostic Equipment)
        • Pats Initiations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Retrieving DTCS
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • DTC B1213: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
        • DTC B1600: No Key Code Received/Damaged Encoded Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Encoded Ignition Key
        • DTC B1601: Pats Received Incorrect Key Code From Ignition Key Transponder
        • DTC B1602: Invalid Key Code Format From Ignition Key Transponder
        • DTC B1681: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
        • DTC B2103: Pats Transceiver Antenna Not Connected Or Defective Transceiver
        • DTC B2139: Pcm Identification Does Not Match Between Pats & Pcm
        • DTC B2141: No Security Identification Exchange Between Pats & Pcm
        • DTC U1147: Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Security
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test 1: No Communication With Passive Anti-Theft System Module
        • Test 2: Theft Indicator Always/Never On - No Prove Out
        • Test 3: Vehicle Does Not Start
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Pats Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transceiver Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Procedure Sequence
        • Equipment Hookup
        • Data Link Diagnostic Test
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Retrieving Parameter Identification (PID) Information
        • Module Version Identification
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test 1: 4-Wheel Abs (4WABS) Module Does Not Respond To NGS Tester
        • Test 2: Gem Does Not Respond To NGS Tester
        • Test 3: Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Does Not Respond To NGS Tester
        • Test 4: Central Security Module (CSM) Does Not Respond To NGS Tester
        • Test 5: Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Does Not Respond To NGS Tester
        • Test 6: 4-Wheel Drive (4WD) Module Does Not Respond To NGS Tester
        • Test 7: No Module/Network Communications - ISO 9141 Link
        • Test 8: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Link
        • Test 9: No Module/Network Communication
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Adjustments
      • Actuator Cable
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Self-Diagnostic System
      • Retrieving Flash Codes
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Flash Code 1 - No Dynamic Pull At Cruise Control Servo
      • Test B: Flash Code 2 - Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch Circuit Failure
      • Test C: Flash Code 3 - DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit Failure
      • Test D: Flash Code 4 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Circuit Failure
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test 1: Cruise Control Inoperative - No Flash Codes
      • Test 2: Cruise Control Does Not Disengage When Clutch Is Applied
      • Test 3: Coast Switch Is Inoperative
      • Test 4: Set/ACCEL Switch Is Inoperative
      • Test 5: Resume Switch Is Inoperative
      • Test 6: Off Switch Is Inoperative
      • Test 7: Cruise Control Indicator Always On
      • Test 8: Set Speed Fluctuates
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Cruise Control DEACTIVATOR
        • Removal & Installation
      • Cruise Control Servo
        • Removal & Installation
      • Cruise Control Actuator Cable
        • Removal & Installation
      • Cruise Control Switches
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Exterior Lights
    • Headlamp Adjustment
    • Headlamp Adjustment - Screen Method
    • Headlamp Inspection
    • Headlamp Assembly Removal/Installation
    • Headlamp Bulb Removal/Installation
    • Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) Inspection
    • Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) Control Module Removal/Installation
    • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamps Inspection
      • Inspection And Verification
      • Indicator Flasher Reset/Re-Program Procedure
    • Turn Signal Lamp - Bulb Removal/Installation
    • Fog Lamps Inspection
    • Fog Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
    • STOPLAMP Inspection
    • Parking, Rear, License Lamps Inspection
    • Parking Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
    • Rear Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
    • High Mount Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
    • Backup Lamp Inspection
    • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch Removal/Installation
    • Main Light Switch Removal/Installation
    • Fog Lamp Switch Removal/Installation
    • Relay Component Test
    • Headlamps Diagnosis
      • Headlamp Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 2: Low Beams Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 3: High Beams Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 4: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
      • One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
      • Headlamps Are On Continuously
    • STOPLAMP Diagnosis
      • STOPLAMP Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Test 1: STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Notes
        • Component Testing Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test 3: STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
    • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamps Diagnosis
      • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On
      • Pinpoint Test 2: Hazard Lamps Are Never On
      • Pinpoint Test 3: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
    • Park/Rear/License Lamp Diagnosis
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Is Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 3: Park, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
    • Fog Lamps Diagnosis
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 2: Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 3: Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
    • Backup Lamps Diagnosis
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Backup Lamps Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 2: Individual Backup Lamp Is Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 3: Backup Lamps Are On Continuously
    • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Diagnosis
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
      • Pinpoint Test 2: Daytime Running Lamps Are On With The Ignition Switch Off
      • Pinpoint Test 3: Low Beam Headlamps Are On At Full Intensity In DRL Mode
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Self-Diagnostic System
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Procedure
      • Retrieving Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Retrieving On-Demand Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Accessing Parameter Identification (PID) Information
      • Connector Identification
    • Symptom Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Fuel Gauge Inaccurate
      • Test B: Coolant Temperature Gauge Inaccurate
      • Test C: Oil Pressure Gauge Inaccurate
      • Test D: Speedometer Inaccurate
      • Test E: Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative
      • Test G: Tachometer Inoperative
      • Test H: Tachometer Inaccurate
      • Test J: Charge Indicator Always/Never On
      • Test K: Anti-Lock Brake Warning Light Inoperative
      • Test M: Check Fuel Cap Indicator Inoperative
      • Test M: High Beam Indicator Inoperative
      • Test N: Check Engine/Malfunction Indicator Light Inoperative
      • Test P: Turn Indicator Inoperative
        • Left Turn Indicator
        • Right Turn Indicator
      • Test Q: Overdrive Off Indicator Inoperative
      • Test R: Cruise Control Indicator Never/Always On
      • Test S: Red Brake Warning Light Inoperative
      • Test T: Check Gauge Indicator Inoperative
      • Test V: Air Bag Indicator Inoperative
      • Test W: Door Ajar Indicator Inoperative
      • Test X: Seat Belt Warning Indicator Inoperative
      • Test Y: 4WD High, 4WD Low Indicator Inoperative
    • Component Tests
      • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
      • Odometer
      • Oil Pressure Gauge
      • Coolant Temperature Gauge
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Fuel Pressure Release
      • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Gauges
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Gauge Amplifier
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Printed Circuit
        • Removal & Installation
      • Generic Electronic Module
        • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • 2300
      • 3000
      • 4000
  • Headlights
    • Exterior Lights
      • Headlamp Adjustment
      • Headlamp Adjustment - Screen Method
      • Headlamp Inspection
      • Headlamp Assembly Removal/Installation
      • Headlamp Bulb Removal/Installation
      • Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) Inspection
      • Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) Control Module Removal/Installation
      • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamps Inspection
        • Inspection And Verification
        • Indicator Flasher Reset/Re-Program Procedure
      • Turn Signal Lamp - Bulb Removal/Installation
      • Fog Lamps Inspection
      • Fog Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
      • STOPLAMP Inspection
      • Parking, Rear, License Lamps Inspection
      • Parking Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
      • Rear Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
      • High Mount Lamp Assembly Removal/Installation
      • Backup Lamp Inspection
      • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch Removal/Installation
      • Main Light Switch Removal/Installation
      • Fog Lamp Switch Removal/Installation
      • Relay Component Test
      • Headlamps Diagnosis
        • Headlamp Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Low Beams Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: High Beams Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 4: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • Headlamps Are On Continuously
      • STOPLAMP Diagnosis
        • STOPLAMP Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Pinpoint Test 1: STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Component Testing Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 3: STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
      • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamps Diagnosis
        • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Hazard Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 3: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
      • Park/Rear/License Lamp Diagnosis
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Park, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Fog Lamps Diagnosis
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Backup Lamps Diagnosis
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Backup Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Individual Backup Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Backup Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Diagnosis
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Daytime Running Lamps Are On With The Ignition Switch Off
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Low Beam Headlamps Are On At Full Intensity In DRL Mode
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Lock Cylinder Removal/Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Functional
        • Lock Cylinder - Non-Functional
      • Key Release Button Removal/Installation
      • Steering Wheel Removal/Installation
      • Steering Column Switches Diagnosis
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Tests
        • The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
        • No Power In Acc
        • No Power In Run
          • Notes
          • Component Testing Procedure
        • No Power In Start
        • No Communication With The Gem
      • Horn Diagnosis
        • Horn Description
        • Horn Switch Removal / Installation
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Horn Inspection
        • Horn Relay Component Test
        • The Horn Does Not Sound
        • The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Multi-Function Switch - Component Test
      • Multi-Function Switch Removal/Installation
      • Ignition Switch
        • Ignition Switch Inspection
      • Ignition Switch Removal/Installation
      • Central Security Module Removal/Installation
      • Special Tools
  • Power Mirrors
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Tests
      • Power Mirror Control Switch
    • Symptom Tests
      • Both Mirrors Inoperative
      • Single Mirror Inoperative
      • Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
    • Removal & Installation
      • Power Mirror Control Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Power Mirror Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Lock Cylinder Removal/Installation
      • Lock Cylinder - Functional
      • Lock Cylinder - Non-Functional
    • Key Release Button Removal/Installation
    • Steering Wheel Removal/Installation
    • Steering Column Switches Diagnosis
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
    • Pinpoint Tests
      • The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
      • No Power In Acc
      • No Power In Run
        • Notes
        • Component Testing Procedure
      • No Power In Start
      • No Communication With The Gem
    • Horn Diagnosis
      • Horn Description
      • Horn Switch Removal / Installation
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Horn Inspection
      • Horn Relay Component Test
      • The Horn Does Not Sound
      • The Horn Sounds Continuously
    • Multi-Function Switch - Component Test
    • Multi-Function Switch Removal/Installation
    • Ignition Switch
      • Ignition Switch Inspection
    • Ignition Switch Removal/Installation
    • Central Security Module Removal/Installation
    • Special Tools
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Power Windows
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Procedure
        • Retrieving Continuous DTCS
        • Retrieving On-Demand DTCS
        • Accessing Parameter Identification (PID) Information
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test 1: All Power Windows Inoperative
        • Test 2: Driver Window Does Not Operate
        • Test 3: Passenger Window Does Not Operate
        • Test 4: One-Touch Down Feature Inoperative
        • Test 5: No Communication With Gem
      • Component Tests
        • Relays
          • One-Touch Down Relay
          • Power Window Relay
        • Switches
        • Power Window Motor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Master Window Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sub-Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Window Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Washer System & Wiper System
      • Windshield Wiper And Washer System
        • Notes
        • Windshield Wiper System Outline
        • Windshield Washer System Outline
        • Windshield Wiper & Washer Component Part Description
      • Wiper And Washer Diagnosis
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Diagnostic Test Procedures
        • Notes
        • DTC B1431, B1432, B1438, B1450 & B1840: Wipers Are Inoperative
        • DTC B1431, B1432, B1441, B1453, B1467, B1473 & B1476: Wipers Stay On Continuously
        • DTC B1434, B1436, B1438, B1441, B1450, B1466, B1473 & B1476: High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Properly
        • DTC B1438, B1446, B1450 & B1453: Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Properly
        • DTC B1450, B1453, B1458 & B1460: Washer Pump Is Inoperative
        • DTC B1434, B1436, B1466, B1467 & B1473: Low Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Properly
        • No Communication With Gem Module
      • Wiper/Washer Relay Component Test
      • Pivot Arm Removal/Installation
      • Mounting Arm And Pivot Shaft Removal/Installation
      • Windshield Wiper Motor Inspection
      • Windshield Wiper Motor Removal/Installation
      • Washer Pump And Reservoir Removal/Installation
      • Washer Pump Inspection
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft, Power Door Lock & Keyless Entry Systems
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Mechanical
          • Electrical
      • Component Tests
        • Relays
          • All-Lock & All-Unlock Relay
          • Driver's Door Unlock Relay
      • Symptom Tests
        • Single Door Lock Inoperative
        • All Door Locks Inoperative
        • Door Locks Only Operate From One Switch
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Procedure
        • Retrieving Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Retrieving On-Demand Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Accessing Parameter Identification (PID) Information
      • System Tests
        • Test A: All Door Locks Inoperative
        • Test B: Door Locks Do Not Operate Using Remote Transmitter
        • Test C: No Communication With Rap Module
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Driver's Unlock Relay
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rap Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Immobilizer System - Passive Anti-Theft System
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Theft Indicator Light
        • Encoded Ignition Key
        • Transceiver Module
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Module
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Key Programming (Security Access Procedure)
        • Key Programming (With Programmed Keys)
        • Key Programming (Without Programmed Keys)
        • Key Programming (Spare Key Programming Switch)
        • Key Programming (Using Diagnostic Equipment)
        • Pats Initiations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Retrieving DTCS
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • DTC B1213: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
        • DTC B1600: No Key Code Received/Damaged Encoded Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Encoded Ignition Key
        • DTC B1601: Pats Received Incorrect Key Code From Ignition Key Transponder
        • DTC B1602: Invalid Key Code Format From Ignition Key Transponder
        • DTC B1681: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
        • DTC B2103: Pats Transceiver Antenna Not Connected Or Defective Transceiver
        • DTC B2139: Pcm Identification Does Not Match Between Pats & Pcm
        • DTC B2141: No Security Identification Exchange Between Pats & Pcm
        • DTC U1147: Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Security
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test 1: No Communication With Passive Anti-Theft System Module
        • Test 2: Theft Indicator Always/Never On - No Prove Out
        • Test 3: Vehicle Does Not Start
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Pats Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transceiver Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body System Diagnosis And Testing
      • Inspection And Verification
        • Leaks
        • Noise
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
    • Frame And Body Mounting Component View
      • Frame, 4X4 Shown
      • Body To Frame Mounting
      • Rear Cab To Frame Mount (Cab Plus)
      • Rear Cab To Frame Mount (Regular Cab)
    • Frame Maintenance
      • Rivet Removal
      • Rivet Replacement
      • Drilling Precautions
      • Welding Precautions
      • Frame Straightening
      • Frame Reinforcing
    • Body Misalignment Inspection
    • Underbody Misalignment Inspection
      • Frame Dimensions - Short Wheel Base (4X4)
      • Frame Dimensions - Long Wheel Base (4X4)
      • Frame Dimensions - Cab Plus (4X4)
      • Frame Dimensions - Short Wheel Base (4X2)
      • Frame Dimensions - Long Wheel Base (4X2)
      • Frame Dimensions - Cab Plus (4X2)
      • Frame - Short Wheel Base (4X2)
      • Frame - Long Wheel Base (4X2)
      • Frame - Cab Plus (4X2)
      • Frame - Short Wheel Base (4X4)
      • Frame - Long Wheel Base (4X4)
      • Frame - Cab Plus (4X4)
    • Hood Alignment
    • Front And Rear Bumper Component View
      • Front Bumper Components
      • Rear Bumper Components
    • Front Bumper Removal/Installation
    • Front Bumper Bracket Removal/Installation
    • Grille Opening Panel Reinforcement Removal/Installation
    • Radiator Grille Removal/Installation
    • Valance Panel Removal/Installation
    • Rear Bumper Removal/Installation
    • Rear Bumper Bracket Removal/Installation
    • Fender Front Removal/Installation
      • Removal Note
      • Installation Note
    • Splash Shield Removal/Installation
      • Front
      • Rear
    • Body Side Outer Panel Removal
    • Pickup Bed Alignment
    • Pickup Bed Lean
    • Pickup Bed Removal/Installation
    • Tonneau Cover - Mounting Bracket Removal/Installation
    • Axle Shimming
    • Pickup Bed Shimming
      • Notes
      • General Specifications
    • Body Support Removal/Installation
    • Box Support Removal/Installation
    • Front Door Removal/Installation
      • Notes
      • Front Door Removal Note
      • Front Door Hinge Removal Note
    • Front Door Adjustment
    • Front Door Hinge Adjustment
    • Rear Door Hinge Adjustment
    • Front Door Lock Striker Adjustment
    • Rear Door Striker Adjustment
    • Weatherstrip Removal/Installation
    • Tailgate Removal/Installation
      • Notes
      • Tailgate Removal Note
      • Tailgate Installation Note
    • Tailgate Inspection
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Lock Cylinder Removal/Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Functional
        • Lock Cylinder - Non-Functional
      • Key Release Button Removal/Installation
      • Steering Wheel Removal/Installation
      • Steering Column Switches Diagnosis
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Pinpoint Tests
        • The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
        • No Power In Acc
        • No Power In Run
          • Notes
          • Component Testing Procedure
        • No Power In Start
        • No Communication With The Gem
      • Horn Diagnosis
        • Horn Description
        • Horn Switch Removal / Installation
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Horn Inspection
        • Horn Relay Component Test
        • The Horn Does Not Sound
        • The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Multi-Function Switch - Component Test
      • Multi-Function Switch Removal/Installation
      • Ignition Switch
        • Ignition Switch Inspection
      • Ignition Switch Removal/Installation
      • Central Security Module Removal/Installation
      • Special Tools
  • Power Mirrors
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Tests
      • Power Mirror Control Switch
    • Symptom Tests
      • Both Mirrors Inoperative
      • Single Mirror Inoperative
      • Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
    • Removal & Installation
      • Power Mirror Control Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Power Mirror Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Power Windows
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Self-Diagnostic System
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Procedure
      • Retrieving Continuous DTCS
      • Retrieving On-Demand DTCS
      • Accessing Parameter Identification (PID) Information
    • Symptom Tests
      • Notes
      • Test 1: All Power Windows Inoperative
      • Test 2: Driver Window Does Not Operate
      • Test 3: Passenger Window Does Not Operate
      • Test 4: One-Touch Down Feature Inoperative
      • Test 5: No Communication With Gem
    • Component Tests
      • Relays
        • One-Touch Down Relay
        • Power Window Relay
      • Switches
      • Power Window Motor
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Master Window Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Sub-Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Power Window Motor
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock/Traction Control System
      • Precaution (Brakes)
        • Wheels & Tires Removal/Installation
        • Brake Lines Disconnection/Connection
        • Connectors Disconnection
        • Abs Components Operations
      • 4 Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Description
        • 4 Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) System Outline
        • 4WABS Component Part Description
        • 4WABS Control Module
        • Front & Rear Axle Speed Sensors
        • 4WABS Hydraulic Unit
        • G-Switch
      • 4-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Diagnosis
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Retrieving DTCS
        • Clearing DTCS
        • 4WABS Quick Chart
        • 4WABS DTC Index
        • 4WABS PID Index
        • 4WABS Active Command Index
          • Anti-Lock Brake (ABS) Control Module Active Command Index
        • 4WABS Diagnostic Index
      • Pinpoint Tests
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Soft/Excessive Brake Pedal
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
        • Pinpoint Test 3: No Communication With The Module - 4WABS Control Module
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Unable To Enter Self-Test
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
        • DTCS C1145, C1155 & C1230 - Speed Sensor Circuit Failure
          • Notes
          • Table 1
          • Table 2
          • Table 3
          • Table 4
          • Table 5
          • Table 6
        • DTCS C1233, C1234 & C1237 - Speed Sensor Output Failure
        • DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
      • Module Communication Index
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: 4WABS Control Module Does Not Respond To WDS Tester
        • Pinpoint Test 2: No Module/Network Communication - ISO 9141 Network
        • Pinpoint Test 3: No Module/Network Communication
        • Pinpoint Test 4: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Link
      • Module Configuration Principles Of Operation
        • Notes
        • Customer Preference Index
      • Module Inspection & Verification
        • Notes
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Bleeding 4WABS Hydraulic Unit
      • 4WABS Hydraulic Unit Removal/Installation
      • 4WABS Control Module Removal/Installation
      • 4WABS Control Module Reprogramming
      • Front Speed Sensor (4X2) Removal/Installation
      • Front Speed Sensor (4X4) Removal/Installation
      • Front Speed Sensor Rotor (4X2) Removal/Installation
        • Notes
        • Front Speed Sensor Rotor Installation Note
      • Front Speed Sensor Rotor (4X4) Removal/Installation
      • Rear Axle Speed Sensor (4WABS) Inspection
      • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Rotor (4WABS) Removal/Installation
        • Notes
        • Ring Gear Removal Note
        • Ring Gear & Speed Sensor Rotor Installation Note
      • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Rotor (4WABS) Inspection
      • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Removal/Installation
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Special Tools
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc Brake System & Drum Brake System
      • Description & Operation
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • Manual Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Wheel Cylinders & Calipers
          • Master Cylinder Priming
        • Pressure Bleeding
        • 4WABS Hydraulic Control Unit
      • Adjustments
        • Brake Pedal Free Play
        • Brake Pedal Height & Stoplight Switch
        • Front Wheel Bearings
        • Master Cylinder Push Rod
        • Parking/Emergency Brake
        • Rear Brake Shoes
      • Component Tests
        • Power Brake Unit
      • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal
          • Removal & Installation (Automatic Transmission)
          • Removal & Installation (Manual Transmission)
        • Front Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation (2WD)
          • Removal & Installation (4WD)
        • Front Disc Brake Caliper
        • Front Disc Brake Pads
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Parking Brake Cable
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Brake Unit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Axle Bearing & Oil Seal
        • Rear Brake Shoes & Wheel Cylinders
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Parking Brake Cable
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Notes
        • Disc Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
          • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Disassembly & Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Drum Brake Specifications
  • Anti-Lock/Traction Control System
    • Precaution (Brakes)
      • Wheels & Tires Removal/Installation
      • Brake Lines Disconnection/Connection
      • Connectors Disconnection
      • Abs Components Operations
    • 4 Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Description
      • 4 Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) System Outline
      • 4WABS Component Part Description
      • 4WABS Control Module
      • Front & Rear Axle Speed Sensors
      • 4WABS Hydraulic Unit
      • G-Switch
    • 4-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Diagnosis
      • Inspection & Verification
      • Retrieving DTCS
      • Clearing DTCS
      • 4WABS Quick Chart
      • 4WABS DTC Index
      • 4WABS PID Index
      • 4WABS Active Command Index
        • Anti-Lock Brake (ABS) Control Module Active Command Index
      • 4WABS Diagnostic Index
    • Pinpoint Tests
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Soft/Excessive Brake Pedal
      • Pinpoint Test 2: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
      • Pinpoint Test 3: No Communication With The Module - 4WABS Control Module
      • Pinpoint Test 4: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
      • Pinpoint Test 5: Unable To Enter Self-Test
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
      • DTCS C1145, C1155 & C1230 - Speed Sensor Circuit Failure
        • Notes
        • Table 1
        • Table 2
        • Table 3
        • Table 4
        • Table 5
        • Table 6
      • DTCS C1233, C1234 & C1237 - Speed Sensor Output Failure
      • DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
    • Module Communication Index
      • Notes
      • Pinpoint Test 1: 4WABS Control Module Does Not Respond To WDS Tester
      • Pinpoint Test 2: No Module/Network Communication - ISO 9141 Network
      • Pinpoint Test 3: No Module/Network Communication
      • Pinpoint Test 4: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Link
    • Module Configuration Principles Of Operation
      • Notes
      • Customer Preference Index
    • Module Inspection & Verification
      • Notes
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
    • Bleeding 4WABS Hydraulic Unit
    • 4WABS Hydraulic Unit Removal/Installation
    • 4WABS Control Module Removal/Installation
    • 4WABS Control Module Reprogramming
    • Front Speed Sensor (4X2) Removal/Installation
    • Front Speed Sensor (4X4) Removal/Installation
    • Front Speed Sensor Rotor (4X2) Removal/Installation
      • Notes
      • Front Speed Sensor Rotor Installation Note
    • Front Speed Sensor Rotor (4X4) Removal/Installation
    • Rear Axle Speed Sensor (4WABS) Inspection
    • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Rotor (4WABS) Removal/Installation
      • Notes
      • Ring Gear Removal Note
      • Ring Gear & Speed Sensor Rotor Installation Note
    • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Rotor (4WABS) Inspection
    • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Removal/Installation
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
    • Special Tools
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Drive Shaft
      • Drive Shaft
        • Front Drive Axle Shaft Removal/Installation
        • Front Drive Axle Disassembly/Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Differentials & DRIVEAXLES
      • Identification
        • Drive Line System Certification Label And Identification Tags
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
        • Identification Tag Locations
      • Axle Codes
      • Differential
        • Standard Rear Axle And Differential Structural View
        • Limited Slip Rear Axle And Differential Structural View
        • Rear Companion Flange Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Rear Pinion Seal Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Rear Drive Pinion Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Rear Differential Case (Standard & Limited Slip) Removal/Installation
          • Notes
          • Installation Note
        • Rear Differential Case & Ring Gear (Standard) Disassembly/Assembly
          • Disassembly Note
          • Assembly Note
        • Rear Differential Case & Ring Gear (Limited Slip) Disassembly/Assembly
          • Disassembly Note
          • Assembly Note
        • Bench Torque Test
        • Front Axle And Differential Disassembly/Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly Note
          • Assembly Note
        • Front Differential Case Disassembly/Assembly
          • Disassembly Note
          • Assembly Note
        • Front Differential Case RUNOUT Check
        • Drive Pinion Stem And Companion Flange Inspection
        • Total Backlash Check
        • Limited Slip Rear Differential Operation Check
        • Limited Slip Rear Differential Check Road Test
        • GEARSET Tooth Contact Pattern Check
        • Contact Pattern Location
        • Companion Flange Circular RUNOUT
    • Front Axle
      • Front Axle
        • Axle/Differential Drain And Refill
        • Wheel Hub Bolt Circle RUNOUT (Front)
        • Axle Flange Circle RUNOUT
        • Pilot RUNOUT
        • Axle Tube Bearing Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Front Axle Retainer Removal/Installation
        • Front Pinion Seal Removal/Installation
        • Companion Flange Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Front Axle Assembly Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Bushing Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
    • Rear Axle
      • Rear Axle
        • Bent Axle Housing Inspection
        • Wheel Hub Bolt Circle RUNOUT (Rear)
        • Axle Flange Circle RUNOUT
        • Pilot RUNOUT
        • Standard Rear Axle Structural View
        • Axle Shaft (Standard) Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Rear Wheel Bearing And Oil Seal (Standard) Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Axle Housing Cover (Standard) Removal/Installation
        • Rear Axle (Standard) Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Limited Slip Rear Axle Structural View
        • Axle Shaft (Limited Slip) Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Rear Wheel Bearing & Oil Seal (Limited Slip) Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Axle Housing Cover (Limited Slip) Removal/Installation
        • Rear Axle (Limited Slip) Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
    • Service Tools (Driveline/Axles)
      • Special Tools
    • Symptom Troubleshooting (Driveline/Axle)
      • Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Preliminary Diagnosis
      • Road Test
      • Noise Acceptability
      • Propeller Shaft Inspection And Verification
      • Analysis Of Leakage
      • Axle Vent
      • Flange Yoke Seal
      • Drive Pinion Nut
      • Axle Shaft Seals
      • Differential Seals
      • Driveline Angle
        • Notes
        • Driveline Angle
      • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear
      • Coupling Shaft Center Bearing Alignment
      • Bearing Shimming
      • Front Wheel Drive Axle Shafts
      • Non-Axle Noise
      • Axle Noise
      • Bearing Whine
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Analysis Of Inoperative Conditions
        • Notes
        • Broken Welds
        • Wheel Bearing Wear/Damage
        • Axle Lock Up
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
    • Technical Data (Driveline/Axle)
      • Technical Data
        • Specifications
          • Front Differential General Specifications
          • Transfer Case Lubricant Capacity Specifications
          • Rear Differential General Specifications
          • Rear Driveline Angles At Curb (4X2) Specifications
          • Rear Driveline Angles At Curb (4x4) Specifications
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Drive Shaft
      • Drive Shaft
        • Front Drive Axle Shaft Removal/Installation
        • Front Drive Axle Disassembly/Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Propeller Shaft
      • Propeller Shaft
        • Propeller Shaft Structural View
          • Front Propeller Shaft (4x4)
          • Rear Propeller Shaft (4x4)
          • Rear Propeller Shaft(4x2)
        • Propeller Shaft Inspection
        • Front Propeller Shaft (4X4) Removal/ Installation
        • Rear Propeller Shaft (4X2) Removal/Installation
        • Rear Propeller Shaft (4X4) Removal/Installation
        • Propeller Shaft Slip Yoke Disassembly/Assembly
          • Disassembly Note
          • Assembly Note
        • Single CARDAN Universal Joint (Slip Yoke) Disassembly/Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly Note
          • Assembly Note
        • Single CARDAN Universal Joint (Flange Yoke) Disassembly/Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly Note
        • Universal Joint Inspection
        • Propeller Shaft Indexing
        • Propeller Shaft RUNOUT And Balance
        • Driveline Vibration
        • Propeller Shaft Vibration
    • Technical Data (Driveline/Axle)
      • Technical Data
        • Specifications
          • Front Differential General Specifications
          • Transfer Case Lubricant Capacity Specifications
          • Rear Differential General Specifications
          • Rear Driveline Angles At Curb (4X2) Specifications
          • Rear Driveline Angles At Curb (4x4) Specifications
  • Locking Hubs
    • Removal & Installation
      • Wheel Hub (4X4)
        • Removal Note
        • Installation Note
    • Wheel Hub Bolt Circle RUNOUT
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
  • Charging Systems
    • Generators & Regulators
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Condition Test
        • Battery Drain Test
        • Electronic Drains Which Shut Off When Battery Cable Is Disconnected
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No Load Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: The Battery Is Dead Or Will Not Stay Charged Or Low Battery Or Generator Voltage
        • Test B: Charging System Warning Indicator On With Engine Running (Charging System Voltage Does Not Increase)
        • Test C: Charging System Overcharges (Battery Voltage Greater Than 15.5 Volts)
        • Test D: Charging System Warning Indicator On With Engine Running & Battery Voltage Increases
        • Test E: Charging System Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition Switch In Run Position & Engine Off
        • Test F: Charging System Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent
        • Test G: Generator Is Noisy
        • Test H: Radio Is Noisy
      • Removal & Installation
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation (B2300)
          • Removal & Installation (B3000)
          • Removal & Installation (B4000)
        • Generator Brush & Terminal Holder
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Generator Pulley
          • Removal & Installation
        • Voltage Regulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Connector Identification
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
          • B2300
          • B3000
          • B4000
        • 2003
          • B2300
          • B3000
          • B4000
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Power Distribution Box
        • Notes
        • Fuse Index Information - 2.3L
        • Fuse Index Information - 3.0L & 4.0L
      • Passenger Compartment Fuse Block
        • Notes
        • Fuse Index Information (Passenger Compartment)
      • Fuse Type
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Panel
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Procedure
        • Retrieving Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Retrieving On-Demand Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Accessing Parameter Identification (PID) Information
        • Connector Identification
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Fuel Gauge Inaccurate
        • Test B: Coolant Temperature Gauge Inaccurate
        • Test C: Oil Pressure Gauge Inaccurate
        • Test D: Speedometer Inaccurate
        • Test E: Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative
        • Test G: Tachometer Inoperative
        • Test H: Tachometer Inaccurate
        • Test J: Charge Indicator Always/Never On
        • Test K: Anti-Lock Brake Warning Light Inoperative
        • Test M: Check Fuel Cap Indicator Inoperative
        • Test M: High Beam Indicator Inoperative
        • Test N: Check Engine/Malfunction Indicator Light Inoperative
        • Test P: Turn Indicator Inoperative
          • Left Turn Indicator
          • Right Turn Indicator
        • Test Q: Overdrive Off Indicator Inoperative
        • Test R: Cruise Control Indicator Never/Always On
        • Test S: Red Brake Warning Light Inoperative
        • Test T: Check Gauge Indicator Inoperative
        • Test V: Air Bag Indicator Inoperative
        • Test W: Door Ajar Indicator Inoperative
        • Test X: Seat Belt Warning Indicator Inoperative
        • Test Y: 4WD High, 4WD Low Indicator Inoperative
      • Component Tests
        • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
        • Odometer
        • Oil Pressure Gauge
        • Coolant Temperature Gauge
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Gauges
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Gauge Amplifier
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Printed Circuit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2300
        • 3000
        • 4000
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Symptom Testing
        • Engine Does Not Crank
        • Unusual Starter Noise
      • Component Tests
        • Starting System Inspection
          • Notes
          • Starting Motor - Feed Circuit
          • Starter Motor - Ground Circuit
      • Bench Testing
        • Starter Drive/Flywheel Ring Gear
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Starter Motor - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • B2300
        • B3000
        • B4000
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Computer
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlocks
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Routing
      • Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
        • Cooling System Specifications
  • Engine Mechanical - Overhaul
    • Engine Overhaul Service Warning
    • Engine Disassembly/Assembly
      • Disassembly Note
      • Assembly Note
    • Cylinder Head Disassembly/Assembly
      • Disassembly Note
      • Assembly Note
    • Piston And Connecting Rod Disassembly/Assembly
      • Disassembly Note
      • Assembly Note
    • Sprocket Inspection
    • Cylinder Head Inspection
    • Valve Inspection
      • Valve Inspection
      • Valve Stem Oil Clearance Inspection
      • Valve Clearance Inspection
    • Valve Guide Inspection/Repair
      • Valve Guide Inspection
      • Valve Guide Repair
    • Valve Seat Inspection
      • Valve And Seat Refacing Measurements
      • Valve Seat Width
      • Valve Seat RUNOUT
    • Valve Spring Inspection
    • Spark Plug Hole Thread Repair
    • Camshaft Inspection
      • Camshaft Lobe Surface
      • Camshaft Lobe Lift
      • Camshaft Journal Diameter
      • Camshaft RUNOUT
      • Camshaft Journal Clearance
      • Camshaft End Play Inspection
    • Roller Follower Inspection
      • Roller Follower Inspection
    • Tappet Inspection
      • Tappet Inspection
    • Cylinder Block Inspection/Repair
      • Cylinder Block Inspection
      • Cylinder Block Honing
      • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
      • Cylinder Block Core Plug Installation (Cup Type)
      • Cylinder Block Core Plug Installation (Expansion Type)
    • Piston Inspection
      • Piston Inspection
      • Piston Replacement Inspection
      • Piston Clearance Inspection
      • Piston Ring Clearance Inspection
      • Piston Pin Inspection
    • Connecting Rod Inspection
      • Connecting Rod Cleaning
      • Connecting Rod Inspection
      • Connecting Rod Oil Clearance Inspection
      • Connecting Rod Side Clearance Inspection
    • Crankshaft Inspection
      • Crankshaft Inspection
      • Crankshaft Oil Clearance Inspection/Repair
      • Crankshaft End Play Inspection/Repair
    • Bearing Inspection
    • Torque Specifications
    • Specifications
      • Engine Specifications
      • Cylinder Head & Valve Specifications
      • Camshaft Specifications
      • Cylinder Block Specifications
    • Special Tools
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Symptom Testing
        • Engine Does Not Crank
        • Unusual Starter Noise
      • Component Tests
        • Starting System Inspection
          • Notes
          • Starting Motor - Feed Circuit
          • Starter Motor - Ground Circuit
      • Bench Testing
        • Starter Drive/Flywheel Ring Gear
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Starter Motor - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • B2300
        • B3000
        • B4000
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - On-Vehicle Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
      • Notes
      • Valve Adjustment
        • Notes
        • B2300
        • Miata 1.8L, Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L
        • Millenia 2.3L & 626 2.5L
        • Tribute 2.0L
    • Crankshaft Position Sensor
      • Notes
      • MIATA
    • Ignition Timing
      • Notes
      • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
      • MIATA, MILLENIA, MPV, Protege & Protege5
      • 626
    • Idle Speed & Mixture
      • Notes
      • Cold (Fast) Idle Speed
      • Idle Speed
        • Notes
        • B-Series Truck, MPV & Tribute
        • Miata, Millenia, Protege & Protege5
        • 626
    • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Notes
      • Throttle Position Sensor Resistance
        • Inspection (MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
      • Throttle Position Sensor Voltage
        • Inspection (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
        • Inspection & Adjustment Using NGS Scan Tool (Miata, Millenia, MPV & 626)
        • Inspection Using DVOM
    • Closed Throttle Position Switch
      • MILLENIA 2.3L
        • Notes
        • Inspection
        • Adjustment
  • Application
    • Introduction
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description (Except B-Series Truck & Tribute)
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1, 2 & 3
          • Model, Body Style, Engine & Restraint Code - Positions 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 9
          • Model Year Code - Position 10
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 11
          • Production Sequence Number - Positions 12-17
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description (B-Series Truck & Tribute)
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) & Restraint Type Code - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - MAZDA
      • EGR Function Testing - MAZDA
        • Test 1
          • Piston Engines (W/Single Or Dual EGR Valves)
          • Modulator Valve
          • Vacuum Amplifier
        • Test 2
          • Rotary Engine
          • EGR Solenoid Valve
        • Test 3
          • MX-3 DOHC, MX-6 2.5L, 626 2.5L & 929
          • MX-6 2.0L & 626 2.0L
          • RX7
        • Test 4
          • System Check
          • EGR Valve
        • Test 5
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 1999-2023 MAZDA
    • Introduction
    • B-Series Pickup
      • 1999
      • 2000-2010
    • CX-3
      • 2016-22
    • CX-30
      • 2020-23
    • CX-5
      • 2013
      • 2014-16
      • 2017-23
    • CX-7
      • 2007
      • 2008-09
      • 2010-12
    • CX-9
      • 2007-10
      • 2011-13
      • 2014
      • 2015
      • 2016-23
    • MIATA
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002-2003
      • 2004-2005
      • 2006
      • 2007-08
      • 2009
      • 2010-12
      • 2013
      • 2014
      • 2015
      • 2016-23
    • MILLENIA
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002
    • MPV
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002-2004
      • 2005-2006
    • Protege
      • 2000
      • 2001-2002
      • 2003
    • RX-8
      • 2004
      • 2005
      • 2006-2009
      • 2010-11
    • Tribute
      • 2001-2006
    • MAZDA2
      • 2011-12
      • 2013
      • 2014
      • 2017-18
    • MAZDA3
      • 2004-2005
      • 2006-2009
      • 2010-12
      • 2013
      • 2014-18
      • 2019-23
    • MAZDA5
      • 2006-2007
      • 2008-09
      • 2010
      • 2012
      • 2013
      • 2014-17
    • MAZDA6
      • 2003-2004
      • 2005
      • 2006
      • 2007
      • 2008-09
      • 2010-12
      • 2013
      • 2014-17
      • 2018-21
    • 626
      • 1999
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002
  • Pin Voltage Charts
    • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage/PID Value Charts
      • Introduction
      • Test Procedures
        • Notes
        • Pin Voltage Testing
          • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
        • PID Value Testing
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Location
      • Pin Voltage & PID Value Charts
        • Pin Voltage & PID Value Chart Index
        • Wire Color Identification
        • Pin Voltage Charts
          • Notes
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (B3000)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (B4000)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (Miata)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (Millenia 2.3L)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (Millenia 2.5L)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (MPV)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (Protege & Protege5)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (626 2.0L)
          • PCM Pin Voltage Chart (626 2.5L)
        • PID Value Charts
          • Notes
          • Generic PCM PID Value Chart (B3000 & B4000)
          • PCM PID Input Value Chart (B3000 A/T)
          • PCM PID Input Value Chart (B3000 M/T)
          • PCM PID Input Value Chart (B4000 A/T)
          • PCM PID Input Value Chart (B4000 M/T)
          • PCM PID Value Chart (Miata)
          • PCM PID Value Chart (Millenia 2.3L)
          • PCM PID Value Chart (Millenia 2.5L)
          • PCM PID Value Chart (MPV)
          • PCM PID Value Chart (Protege & Protege5)
          • PCM PID Value Chart (626 2.0L)
          • PCM PID Value Chart (626 2.5L)
        • Pin/PID Charts
          • Notes
          • PCM Pin/PID Chart (B2300 A/T)
          • PCM Pin/PID Chart (B2300 M/T)
          • PCM Pin/PID Chart (Tribute 2.0L M/T)
          • PCM Pin/PID Chart (Tribute 3.0L A/T)
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata, Millenia, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
        • Upper Intake Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal (B2300)
          • Installation
          • Removal (B3000)
          • Removal & Installation (B4000)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L, MPV & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute 3.0L)
      • Supercharger
        • LYSHOLM Compressor (MILLENIA 2.3L)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia)
          • Removal & Installation (MPV)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege & Protege5)
          • Removal & Installation (626)
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300)
          • Removal & Installation (B3000)
          • Removal & Installation (B4000)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata, Millenia 2.3L, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (626 2.5L)
        • Camshaft Synchronizer (B3000)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Except B2300, Miata & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Removal (B2300)
          • Installation (B2300)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute 2.0L)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Knock Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000, MPV & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
      • Cooling System
        • Cooling System Bleeding
          • B2300, B3000 & B4000
          • Miata
          • Millenia
          • MPV
          • Protege & Protege5
          • Tribute
          • 626
      • Ignition System
        • Notes
        • Distributor (MILLENIA 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation
          • Overhaul
        • Ignition Control Module
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L)
      • Fuel System
        • Notes
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
        • Fuel Filter Location
        • Fuel Filter Replacement
          • Removal & Installation (626)
          • Removal & Installation (B-Series Pickup)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia)
          • Removal & Installation (MPV)
          • Removal & Installation (MX-5 Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute)
        • Fuel Line Connectors (B2300, B3000, B4000, MPV & Tribute)
          • Disconnect - Spring Lock Coupling
          • Connect
          • Disconnect - Push Connect Coupling
          • Disconnect - Quick Release Coupling
          • Disconnect - Quick Release Coupling With "R" Clip
        • Plastic Fuel Line Coupler (MPV, Protege & Protege5)
          • Disconnect Fuel Line Coupler
          • Connect
        • Fuel Line Connectors (MIATA, MILLENIA, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Notes
          • Disconnect & Connect - Tabless Design (Miata, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Disconnect & Connect - Tab Design
        • Fuel System Priming
          • Notes
          • Miata, Millenia, Protege & Protege5
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • 626
        • Fuel Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal (B2300, B3000 & B4000)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Miata)
          • Removal (Millenia)
          • Removal (MPV)
          • Removal (Protege & Protege5)
          • Removal (Tribute)
          • Removal (626)
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000, Miata, MPV & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
        • Fuel Rails & Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L, MPV & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Charcoal Canister
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
      • Variable Valve Timing System
        • Oil Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Variable Valve Timing Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
        • B2300, B3000 & B4000
        • MIATA
        • MILLENIA 2.3L
        • MILLENIA 2.5L & 626 2.5L
        • MPV
        • Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L
        • Tribute
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
        • Knock Sensor
        • Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Throttle Position Sensor
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
        • Valve Clearance
      • Ignition System
        • Ignition Coil
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
        • Firing Order & Ignition Coils
          • Notes
          • Firing Order & Coil Pack (Tribute 2.0L)
          • Firing Order & Coil Pack (B2300)
          • Firing Order & Coil Pack (B3000 & B4000)
          • Firing Order & Ignition Coils (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Firing Order & Distributor Rotation (Millenia 2.5L)
          • Firing Order (MPV & Tribute 3.0L Engine)
          • Firing Order & Coil Pack (626 2.0L)
          • Firing Order & Coil Pack (626 2.5L)
          • Firing Order & Coil Pack(Miata 1.8L, Protege & Protege5 2.0L)
        • Ignition Timing
        • Spark Plug Wire Routing
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (Tribute 2.0L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (Miata 1.8L, Protege & Protege5 2.0L)
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Pump
        • Injector Resistance
        • Idle Speed & Mixture
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - Closed Throttle Position Switch Continuity (MILLENIA 2.3L)
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Resistance
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Voltage
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • Rotary Engine
        • 6 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 2.3L, 2.5L (VIN D & 1), 3.0L (VIN 2 & 3) V6 Engines
          • All Others (Including Tribute) Except 2.3L, 2.5L (VIN D & 1), 3.0L (VIN 2 & 3)
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel System
        • Preliminary Checks
          • Notes
          • Engine Does Not Crank
          • Engine Cranks But Will Not Start
        • Fuel Pressure Release
          • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
        • Fuel Pressure (Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
          • Fuel Line Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Hold Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Maximum Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Relay Inspection (Miata)
          • Fuel Pump Resistor & Relay (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Fuel Pump Relay Inspection (Millenia 2.5L, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Fuel Pump Relay Inspection (MPV)
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator Inspection
          • Injector Fuel Leakage Inspection
        • Fuel Pressure (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Fuel Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Inspection
          • Injector Fuel Leakage Inspection
      • Ignition Checks
        • Notes
        • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • Spark Check
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Miata)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Millenia 2.5L)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (MPV)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Protege & Protege5)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (626 2.0L)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (626 2.5L)
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor Resistance (Except Miata)
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor Air Gap (Except MPV)
          • Ignition Coil Operation Inspection (Miata, Protege & Protege5)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (Miata, Protege & Protege5)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (Millenia 2.5L)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (MPV)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (626)
          • Ignition Control Module (Millenia)
        • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata, Millenia, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
        • Upper Intake Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal (B2300)
          • Installation
          • Removal (B3000)
          • Removal & Installation (B4000)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L, MPV & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute 3.0L)
      • Supercharger
        • LYSHOLM Compressor (MILLENIA 2.3L)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia)
          • Removal & Installation (MPV)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege & Protege5)
          • Removal & Installation (626)
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300)
          • Removal & Installation (B3000)
          • Removal & Installation (B4000)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata, Millenia 2.3L, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (626 2.5L)
        • Camshaft Synchronizer (B3000)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Except B2300, Miata & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Removal (B2300)
          • Installation (B2300)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute 2.0L)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Knock Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000, MPV & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
      • Cooling System
        • Cooling System Bleeding
          • B2300, B3000 & B4000
          • Miata
          • Millenia
          • MPV
          • Protege & Protege5
          • Tribute
          • 626
      • Ignition System
        • Notes
        • Distributor (MILLENIA 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation
          • Overhaul
        • Ignition Control Module
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L)
      • Fuel System
        • Notes
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
        • Fuel Filter Location
        • Fuel Filter Replacement
          • Removal & Installation (626)
          • Removal & Installation (B-Series Pickup)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia)
          • Removal & Installation (MPV)
          • Removal & Installation (MX-5 Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute)
        • Fuel Line Connectors (B2300, B3000, B4000, MPV & Tribute)
          • Disconnect - Spring Lock Coupling
          • Connect
          • Disconnect - Push Connect Coupling
          • Disconnect - Quick Release Coupling
          • Disconnect - Quick Release Coupling With "R" Clip
        • Plastic Fuel Line Coupler (MPV, Protege & Protege5)
          • Disconnect Fuel Line Coupler
          • Connect
        • Fuel Line Connectors (MIATA, MILLENIA, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Notes
          • Disconnect & Connect - Tabless Design (Miata, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Disconnect & Connect - Tab Design
        • Fuel System Priming
          • Notes
          • Miata, Millenia, Protege & Protege5
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • 626
        • Fuel Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal (B2300, B3000 & B4000)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Miata)
          • Removal (Millenia)
          • Removal (MPV)
          • Removal (Protege & Protege5)
          • Removal (Tribute)
          • Removal (626)
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000, Miata, MPV & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
        • Fuel Rails & Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L, MPV & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Charcoal Canister
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
      • Variable Valve Timing System
        • Oil Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Variable Valve Timing Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
        • B2300, B3000 & B4000
        • MIATA
        • MILLENIA 2.3L
        • MILLENIA 2.5L & 626 2.5L
        • MPV
        • Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L
        • Tribute
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
        • On-Board Diagnostics
          • Communication Error
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Parameter Identification (PID) Access
          • Brake On/Off Test
          • Transmission Control (O/D OFF) Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Test
          • Freeze Frame Data
          • Pass Codes
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Visual Check
          • Vehicle Preparation
          • Intermittent Diagnostics
          • Clearing Codes
          • Keep Alive RAM Reset Procedure
        • Quick Test
          • Notes
          • Using World Diagnostic System (WDS) Or Equivalent Scan Tool
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
        • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Fuel Or Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EVAP Running Loss System Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Test Equipment
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • DTC P0102, DTC P0103, DTC P1100 Or DTC P1101
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0107, DTC P0108 Or DTC P0109 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0112, DTC P0113, DTC P0117, DTC P0118, DTC P0125, DTC P1112, DTC P1116, DTC P1117, DTC P1285, DTC P1288, DTC P1289, DTC P1290 Or DTC P1299
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0121, DTC P0122, DTC P0123, DTC P1120, DTC P1121, DTC P1124 Or DTC P1125
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0131 Or DTC P0151
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0133 Or DTC P0153
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0135, DTC P0141 Or DTC P0155
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0136, DTC P1137 Or DTC P1138
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0171 Or DTC P0174
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0172 Or DTC P0175
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0176: Flexible Fuel Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0201, DTC P0202, DTC P0203, DTC P0204, DTC P0205 Or DTC P0206
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0230, DTC P0231 Or DTC P0232
          • Code Definition
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0300, DTC P0301, DTC P0302, DTC P0303, DTC P0304, DTC P0305 Or DTC P0306
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0320: Crankshaft Position Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0325 Or DTC P0326
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0340: Camshaft Position Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0350: Ignition Coil Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0351, DTC P0352, DTC P0353, DTC P0354, DTC P0355 Or DTC P0356
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0400, DTC P0403 Or DTC P1408 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0401: EGR System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0402: EGR System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0420 Or DTC P0430
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0442: EVAP Monitor
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0443: EVAP Canister Purge Solenoid Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0451 Or DTC P0461
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0452: Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0453: Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0455 Or DTC P1443
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0457: EVAP System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0460: Fuel Level Input Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0505, DTC P1504 Or DTC P1507
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0603, DTC P1605, DTC P1633 Or DTC P1639
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0605: Pcm Read Only Memory Test Error
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0703 Or DTC P1703
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0704 Or DTC P1709
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1000: OBD-II Drive Cycle Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1001: Data Link Connector Malfunction Or DTC Not Listed
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1127: Ho2S-12 Heater (Rear)
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1128: Front Ho2S Signal
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1130 Or DTC P1150
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1131 Or DTC P1151
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1132 Or DTC P1152
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1260: Anti-Theft System
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1270: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
          • Detection Condition
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1309: Misfire Detection Monitor
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1400 Or DTC P1401
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1405 Or DTC P1406
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1409: EGR Vacuum Regulator Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1432: Thermostat Heater Control Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1450: EVAP Monitor
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1451: Canister Vent Solenoid Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1460: A/C Clutch Relay Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1464: A/C Control Signal Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1474: Cooling Fan (B2300)
          • Code Definition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1506: Idle Air Control System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1518, DTC P1519 Or DTC P1520 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1650 Or DTC P1651 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1729 Or DTC P1781
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1780: Transmission Control Switch Malfunction Or Transmission Control Indicator Light Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Reference Voltage
        • Tachometer Output Failure
        • Malfunction Indicator Lamp
        • Intermittent
        • Fuel Delivery System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
        • Pcm Power Relay
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Pump Inspection
        • Fuel Line Pressure/Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
        • Fuel Injector Inspection
        • EGR Valve
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
        • No Start
        • Ignition Scope Check
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Notes
        • Switches
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor (B2300 & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (Except B2300 & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Fuel Pump Relay
        • Solenoids
          • EVAP Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid Resistance
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (B2300)
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • With Fuel Pressure Gauge
          • Without Fuel Pressure Gauge (Tribute 2.0L)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • System Integrity Check
          • Fuel Pressure Check
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector Check
          • Fuel Injector Resistance Check
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Exhaust Catalyst
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
        • EGR
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Except Tribute
          • Tribute
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Except Tribute
          • Tribute
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes
      • Introduction
      • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • Abnormal Engine Noise
        • A/C Does Not Turn Off During Wide Open Throttle
        • A/C Is Always On Or Compressor Runs Continuously
        • Constant Voltage
        • Cranks Normally But Will Not Start
        • Emissions Failure
        • Engine Runs Rough, Misses, Hesitates, Stumbles, Surges Or Stalls During Acceleration Or Cruise, Or Engine Bucks Or Jerks During Acceleration, Cruise Or Deceleration
        • Engine Stalls At Idle Or Just After Starting
        • Engine Vibration
        • Excessive Oil Consumption
        • Exhaust Smoke
        • Exhaust Sulphur (Rotten Egg) Smell
        • Fast Idle Or Run-On
        • Fuel Odor In Engine Compartment
        • Hard To Start (Long Cranking, Erratic Cranking Or Erratic Starting)
        • Knocking Or Pinging During Acceleration Or Cruise
        • Lack Or Loss Of Power During Acceleration Or Cruise
        • Low Idle Or Engine Stalls During Deceleration
        • Poor Fuel Economy
        • Rough Or Unstable Idle
        • Slow Return To Idle
        • Will Not Crank
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
        • Test Procedures
          • Intermittent Simulation
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel System
        • Preliminary Checks
          • Notes
          • Engine Does Not Crank
          • Engine Cranks But Will Not Start
        • Fuel Pressure Release
          • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
        • Fuel Pressure (Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
          • Fuel Line Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Hold Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Maximum Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Relay Inspection (Miata)
          • Fuel Pump Resistor & Relay (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Fuel Pump Relay Inspection (Millenia 2.5L, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Fuel Pump Relay Inspection (MPV)
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator Inspection
          • Injector Fuel Leakage Inspection
        • Fuel Pressure (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Fuel Pressure Inspection
          • Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator Inspection
          • Fuel Pump Inspection
          • Injector Fuel Leakage Inspection
      • Ignition Checks
        • Notes
        • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • Spark Check
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Miata)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Millenia 2.5L)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (MPV)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (Protege & Protege5)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (626 2.0L)
          • Camshaft Position Sensor (626 2.5L)
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor Resistance (Except Miata)
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor Air Gap (Except MPV)
          • Ignition Coil Operation Inspection (Miata, Protege & Protege5)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (Miata, Protege & Protege5)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (Millenia 2.5L)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (MPV)
          • Ignition Coil Resistance (626)
          • Ignition Control Module (Millenia)
        • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata, Millenia, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
        • Upper Intake Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal (B2300)
          • Installation
          • Removal (B3000)
          • Removal & Installation (B4000)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L, MPV & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute 3.0L)
      • Supercharger
        • LYSHOLM Compressor (MILLENIA 2.3L)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia)
          • Removal & Installation (MPV)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege & Protege5)
          • Removal & Installation (626)
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300)
          • Removal & Installation (B3000)
          • Removal & Installation (B4000)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata, Millenia 2.3L, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (626 2.5L)
        • Camshaft Synchronizer (B3000)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Except B2300, Miata & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Removal (B2300)
          • Installation (B2300)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute 2.0L)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Knock Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000, MPV & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
      • Cooling System
        • Cooling System Bleeding
          • B2300, B3000 & B4000
          • Miata
          • Millenia
          • MPV
          • Protege & Protege5
          • Tribute
          • 626
      • Ignition System
        • Notes
        • Distributor (MILLENIA 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation
          • Overhaul
        • Ignition Control Module
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L)
      • Fuel System
        • Notes
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute 3.0L
        • Fuel Filter Location
        • Fuel Filter Replacement
          • Removal & Installation (626)
          • Removal & Installation (B-Series Pickup)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia)
          • Removal & Installation (MPV)
          • Removal & Installation (MX-5 Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege)
          • Removal & Installation (Tribute)
        • Fuel Line Connectors (B2300, B3000, B4000, MPV & Tribute)
          • Disconnect - Spring Lock Coupling
          • Connect
          • Disconnect - Push Connect Coupling
          • Disconnect - Quick Release Coupling
          • Disconnect - Quick Release Coupling With "R" Clip
        • Plastic Fuel Line Coupler (MPV, Protege & Protege5)
          • Disconnect Fuel Line Coupler
          • Connect
        • Fuel Line Connectors (MIATA, MILLENIA, MPV, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Notes
          • Disconnect & Connect - Tabless Design (Miata, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Disconnect & Connect - Tab Design
        • Fuel System Priming
          • Notes
          • Miata, Millenia, Protege & Protege5
          • B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
          • 626
        • Fuel Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal (B2300, B3000 & B4000)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Miata)
          • Removal (Millenia)
          • Removal (MPV)
          • Removal (Protege & Protege5)
          • Removal (Tribute)
          • Removal (626)
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000, Miata, MPV & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
        • Fuel Rails & Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute)
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (Millenia 2.5L, MPV & 626 2.5L)
          • Removal & Installation (Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L)
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Charcoal Canister
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Miata)
      • Variable Valve Timing System
        • Oil Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Variable Valve Timing Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
        • B2300, B3000 & B4000
        • MIATA
        • MILLENIA 2.3L
        • MILLENIA 2.5L & 626 2.5L
        • MPV
        • Protege, Protege5 & 626 2.0L
        • Tribute
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
        • On-Board Diagnostics
          • Communication Error
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Parameter Identification (PID) Access
          • Brake On/Off Test
          • Transmission Control (O/D OFF) Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Test
          • Freeze Frame Data
          • Pass Codes
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Visual Check
          • Vehicle Preparation
          • Intermittent Diagnostics
          • Clearing Codes
          • Keep Alive RAM Reset Procedure
        • Quick Test
          • Notes
          • Using World Diagnostic System (WDS) Or Equivalent Scan Tool
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
        • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Fuel Or Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EVAP Running Loss System Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Test Equipment
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • DTC P0102, DTC P0103, DTC P1100 Or DTC P1101
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0107, DTC P0108 Or DTC P0109 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0112, DTC P0113, DTC P0117, DTC P0118, DTC P0125, DTC P1112, DTC P1116, DTC P1117, DTC P1285, DTC P1288, DTC P1289, DTC P1290 Or DTC P1299
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0121, DTC P0122, DTC P0123, DTC P1120, DTC P1121, DTC P1124 Or DTC P1125
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0131 Or DTC P0151
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0133 Or DTC P0153
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0135, DTC P0141 Or DTC P0155
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0136, DTC P1137 Or DTC P1138
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0171 Or DTC P0174
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0172 Or DTC P0175
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0176: Flexible Fuel Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0201, DTC P0202, DTC P0203, DTC P0204, DTC P0205 Or DTC P0206
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0230, DTC P0231 Or DTC P0232
          • Code Definition
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0300, DTC P0301, DTC P0302, DTC P0303, DTC P0304, DTC P0305 Or DTC P0306
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0320: Crankshaft Position Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0325 Or DTC P0326
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0340: Camshaft Position Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0350: Ignition Coil Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0351, DTC P0352, DTC P0353, DTC P0354, DTC P0355 Or DTC P0356
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0400, DTC P0403 Or DTC P1408 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0401: EGR System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0402: EGR System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0420 Or DTC P0430
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0442: EVAP Monitor
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0443: EVAP Canister Purge Solenoid Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0451 Or DTC P0461
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0452: Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0453: Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0455 Or DTC P1443
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0457: EVAP System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0460: Fuel Level Input Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0505, DTC P1504 Or DTC P1507
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0603, DTC P1605, DTC P1633 Or DTC P1639
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0605: Pcm Read Only Memory Test Error
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0703 Or DTC P1703
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P0704 Or DTC P1709
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1000: OBD-II Drive Cycle Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1001: Data Link Connector Malfunction Or DTC Not Listed
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1127: Ho2S-12 Heater (Rear)
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1128: Front Ho2S Signal
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1130 Or DTC P1150
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1131 Or DTC P1151
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1132 Or DTC P1152
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1260: Anti-Theft System
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1270: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
          • Detection Condition
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1309: Misfire Detection Monitor
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1400 Or DTC P1401
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1405 Or DTC P1406
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1409: EGR Vacuum Regulator Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1432: Thermostat Heater Control Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1450: EVAP Monitor
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1451: Canister Vent Solenoid Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1460: A/C Clutch Relay Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1464: A/C Control Signal Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1474: Cooling Fan (B2300)
          • Code Definition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1506: Idle Air Control System Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1518, DTC P1519 Or DTC P1520 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1650 Or DTC P1651 (B2300)
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1729 Or DTC P1781
          • Notes
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • DTC P1780: Transmission Control Switch Malfunction Or Transmission Control Indicator Light Circuit Malfunction
          • Detection Condition
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Reference Voltage
        • Tachometer Output Failure
        • Malfunction Indicator Lamp
        • Intermittent
        • Fuel Delivery System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
        • Pcm Power Relay
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Pump Inspection
        • Fuel Line Pressure/Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
        • Fuel Injector Inspection
        • EGR Valve
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
        • No Start
        • Ignition Scope Check
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Notes
        • Switches
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor (B2300 & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (Except B2300 & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Fuel Pump Relay
        • Solenoids
          • EVAP Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid Resistance
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (B2300)
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • With Fuel Pressure Gauge
          • Without Fuel Pressure Gauge (Tribute 2.0L)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • System Integrity Check
          • Fuel Pressure Check
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector Check
          • Fuel Injector Resistance Check
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Exhaust Catalyst
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
        • EGR
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Except Tribute
          • Tribute
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Except Tribute
          • Tribute
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes
      • Introduction
      • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • Abnormal Engine Noise
        • A/C Does Not Turn Off During Wide Open Throttle
        • A/C Is Always On Or Compressor Runs Continuously
        • Constant Voltage
        • Cranks Normally But Will Not Start
        • Emissions Failure
        • Engine Runs Rough, Misses, Hesitates, Stumbles, Surges Or Stalls During Acceleration Or Cruise, Or Engine Bucks Or Jerks During Acceleration, Cruise Or Deceleration
        • Engine Stalls At Idle Or Just After Starting
        • Engine Vibration
        • Excessive Oil Consumption
        • Exhaust Smoke
        • Exhaust Sulphur (Rotten Egg) Smell
        • Fast Idle Or Run-On
        • Fuel Odor In Engine Compartment
        • Hard To Start (Long Cranking, Erratic Cranking Or Erratic Starting)
        • Knocking Or Pinging During Acceleration Or Cruise
        • Lack Or Loss Of Power During Acceleration Or Cruise
        • Low Idle Or Engine Stalls During Deceleration
        • Poor Fuel Economy
        • Rough Or Unstable Idle
        • Slow Return To Idle
        • Will Not Crank
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
        • Test Procedures
          • Intermittent Simulation
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction System
        • Variable Inertia Charging System (Protege & Protege5 2.0L)
        • Variable Resonance Induction System (MILLENIA 2.5L & 626 2.5L)
        • Variable Tumble Control System (MIATA)
        • Intake Manifold Communication Control (MPV)
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • A/C Amplifier
          • A/C Pressure Switch
          • A/C Switch
          • Brake Switch
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Closed Throttle Position Switch (Millenia 2.3L)
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch (M/T)
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor (B2300 & Tribute 2.0L)
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • EGR Boost Sensor
          • EGR Position Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Knock Sensor
          • Main Relay
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor (B2300 & Millenia 2.3L)
          • Neutral Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
          • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Output Signals
          • Notes
          • A/C Cut-Out System
          • A/C Relay
          • By-Pass Air Control Valve
          • Canister Purge Solenoid
          • EGR Valve
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pump
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel Vapor Vent Valve
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Ignition Timing Advance Control
          • Pressure Regulator Control Solenoid
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pump
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Pressure Regulator Control Solenoid
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injectors
        • Idle Speed
          • A/C Cut-Out System
          • By-Pass Air Control Valve
          • Idle Air Control Valve
      • Ignition Systems
        • DISTRIBUTORLESS Ignition System
          • Except Millenia 2.3L & Tribute 3.0L
          • Millenia 2.3L & Tribute 3.0L
        • Electronic Ignition System (MILLENIA 2.5L)
        • Ignition Timing Control Systems
          • Ignition Timing Advance Control
          • Detonation (Knock) Retard Operation
      • Emission Systems
        • Notes
        • Deceleration Control System
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System
        • Fuel Evaporative System
          • Notes
          • Canister Purge Solenoid Valve
          • Fuel Vapor Vent Valve System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Notes
        • A/C Clutch Cycling Pressure Switch
        • Variable Valve Timing (MIATA)
        • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off
  • Vacuum Diagrams
    • Introduction
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Except B2300, B3000, B4000 & Tribute
      • B2300, B3000 & B4000
      • Tribute
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • B2300
      • B3000
      • B4000
      • MIATA
      • MILLENIA
      • MPV
      • Protege & Protege5
      • Tribute
      • 626
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures - Import
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • ACURA
      • Powertrain Control Module Reset Procedure/Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes (All Models)
      • Known-Good Powertrain Control Module Substitution
      • System Readiness Test Codes
        • Notes
        • Catalytic Converter Codes
        • EVAP Leak Monitor Code
        • HO2S Monitor Code
        • HO2S Heater Monitor Code
    • AUDI
      • Readiness Code
      • Generating Readiness Code
      • Pcm Coding (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Coding Engine Control Module (A4, A6 & S4)
        • Coding Engine Control Module (TT)
    • BMW
      • All Models
      • Component Activation
      • Power Window Calibration
      • Sun Roof Calibration
        • 3-Series & 7-Series
    • HONDA
      • Powertrain Control Module Reset Procedure (All Models)
      • Known-Good Powertrain Control Module Substitution
        • Accord, Odyssey & S2000
        • Civic, CR-V & Insight
      • Immobilizer (Accord, Insight, Odyssey, Prelude & S2000)
      • System Readiness Test Codes
        • Notes
        • Air/Fuel (A/F) Ratio Sensor Monitor
        • Catalytic Converter
        • EGR Monitor
        • EVAP Leak Monitor
        • HO2S Monitor
        • HO2S Heater Monitor
    • HYUNDAI
    • INFINITI
      • ECM Programming
    • ISUZU
      • Notes
      • EEPROM Programming Procedure
    • Jaguar
      • Principles Of Operation
      • Module Configuration
      • Customer Driven Preferences
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • S-Type
        • X-Type
      • Power Window Calibration (XK8)
      • Radio Security Code
      • Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter
      • Transmission Control Module DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • KIA
    • Land Rover
      • Notes
      • Immobilizer
      • Power Window Calibration
    • LEXUS
      • Notes
      • Immobilizer System
      • New Transponder Key Code
      • Additional Master Key
        • Notes
        • Using Ignition Switch
        • Using LEXUS Scan Tool
      • Registration Or Change Of Key Number
        • Notes
        • Registration Of Key Number (Using LEXUS Scan Tool)
        • Change Of Key Number (Using LEXUS Scan Tool)
      • Erasure Of Transponder Key Code
        • Notes
        • Using Ignition Switch
        • Using LEXUS Scan Tool
      • Sun Roof REINITIALIZATION
    • MAZDA
      • Notes
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Key Replacement Or Addition
        • Customer Supplied 2 Or More Valid Keys
        • Customer Supplied Only One Or No Valid Keys
      • Steering Lock Replacement
        • Notes
        • Customer Supplied 2 Or More Valid Keys
        • Customer Supplied Only One Or No Valid Keys
      • Immobilizer Unit
        • Notes
        • Customer Supplied Only One Or No Valid Keys
        • Customer Supplied Two Or More Valid Keys
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Notes
        • Customer Supplied 2 Or More Valid Keys
        • Customer Supplied Only One Valid Key
      • Immobilizer Unit & Powertrain Control Module
      • Reprogram Error Recovery
      • Inputting Code Word
    • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Notes
      • Synchronization Of Power Windows
      • Activating Steering Angle Sensor
      • Synchronization Of Sliding/Tilt-Up Roof
      • Easy Entry/Exit Function
      • Control Module Version Coding
        • Notes
        • Automatic Coding
        • Manual Coding
      • Enabling Code Function For Radio
        • Notes
        • Audio 5 & 10 Models Or Sound 10, 20 & 30 Models (CLK, E & SLK Class)
        • Becker 2000 (CL, S & SL Class)
        • Becker Mexico, Grand Prix, Europa & Avus Models (SL Class)
        • Radio With Navigation Control Module (CL, S & SL Class)
        • Radio With 4-Digit Fixed Code (CL, S & SL Class)
        • Radio & Radio With Navigation Control Module With 5-Digit Fixed Code (CL, S & SL Class)
        • Radio (ML Class)
      • Programming Supplemental Restraint System Control Module
    • MITSUBISHI
      • Engine Control Module
      • Encrypted Code Registration Method (Immobilizer)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Key Id Register
        • Registration Of Additional Keys (With Scan Tool)
        • Registration Of Additional Keys (Without Using Scan Tool)
      • Radio Security Code
    • NISSAN
      • Notes
      • Immobilizer Programming
      • Sun Roof Initialization
    • PORSCHE
      • All Models
      • BOXSTER
        • Notes
        • Alarm/Drive Block Control Unit Programming
    • SAAB
      • Notes
      • Programming Immobilizer
    • SUBARU
    • SUZUKI
    • TOYOTA
      • Service Precautions (PRIUS)
      • Immobilizer Programming (Except PRIUS)
        • Notes
        • Ignition Key Registration
      • Additional Master Key Registration (Except PRIUS)
        • Notes
        • Using Brake Pedal & Accelerator Pedal
        • Using Toyota Hand-Held Tester
      • Additional Sub-Key Registration (Except PRIUS)
        • Notes
        • Using Brake & Accelerator Pedal
        • Using Toyota Hand-Held Tester
      • Erasure Of Transponder Key Code (Except PRIUS)
        • Notes
        • Using Brake & Accelerator Pedal
        • Using Toyota Hand-Held Tester
      • Immobilizer Component Replacement Programming Procedures (PRIUS)
        • Notes
        • Programming When Replacing Transponder Key Electronic Control Unit
        • Programming When Replacing Hybrid Vehicle Control Electronic Control Unit
        • Programming When Replacing Transponder Key Electronic Control Unit & Hybrid Vehicle Control Electronic Control Unit
        • Programming If All Ignition Keys Are Lost
        • Ignition Key Registration
        • Additional Master Key Registration
        • Additional Sub-Key Registration
        • Erasure Of Transponder Key Code
      • Power Sliding Door REINITIALIZATION Procedure (Sienna)
      • Sun Roof Initialization (CAMRY & CELICA)
        • Camry
        • Celica
    • VOLKSWAGEN
      • Notes
      • Engine Control Module Programming (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Engine Control Module Coding Options (1.8L Turbo)
        • Engine Control Module Coding Options (1.9L Diesel)
        • Engine Control Module Coding Options (2.0L)
        • Engine Control Module Coding Options (2.8L)
      • Readiness Code
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Reading Readiness Code
        • Generating Readiness Code
    • VOLVO
      • All Models
        • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Radio Security Code
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Drive Cycles
      • Notes
      • 1996: 626, MX-6
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • 1996: B2300, B3000, B4000
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • 1996: MILLENIA, MPV, MX-5 MIATA, Protege & 1997: 626 (2.0L M/T, 2.5L), MX-6 (2.0L M/T, 2.5L), MILLENIA, MPV, MX-5 MIATA, Protege & 1998: MILLENIA, MPV, Protege & 1999-2000: MILLENIA, MX-5 MIATA
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 1
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 2
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 3
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 4
      • 1997: 626 (2.0L A/T), MX-6 (2.0L A/T)
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
      • 1997: B2300, B4000
        • Preparation
        • Drive Mode
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Fuel Monitor, Oxygen Sensor Monitor or Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 1998: 626, B2500, B3000, B4000
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • Vehicle Preparation For OBD-II Or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • EVAP Running Loss System Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Fuel Monitor Or HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Secondary Air Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • 1999-2000: 626
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • Verification Drive Cycle
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • 1999: B2500, B3000, B4000
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Preparation For Drive Cycles
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
        • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EVAP System Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • 1999: Protege
        • OBDII Drive Mode
          • Notes
          • Mode 1 (PCM adaptive memory produce drive mode)
          • Mode 2 (EGR system repair verification drive mode)
          • Mode 3 HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC repair verification drive mode)
          • Mode 4 (EVAP system repair verification drive mode)
      • 2000: B2500, B3000, B4000
        • Description Of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
        • Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD II Drive Cycle
      • 2000: MPV
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory)
        • Mode 2 (EGR Verification)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S/TWC Verification)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP Verification)
      • 2000: Protege
        • Notes
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory)
        • Mode 2 (EGR Verification)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S/TWC Verification)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP Verification)
      • 2001-02: 626
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Standard Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2001: B2300, B2500, B3000, B4000, Tribute
        • Notes
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedures
      • 2001: MILLENIA
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2001: MPV
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2001: MX-5 MIATA
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2001: Protege
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2002-09: B2300, B3000, B4000 & 2002-06: Tribute
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • 2002: MILLENIA
        • Notes
        • Mode 1: PCM Adaptive Memory Procedure
        • Mode 2: EGR System Repair Verification
        • Mode 3: HO2S & TWC Repair Verification
        • Mode 4: EVAP System Repair Verification
      • 2002-03: MPV
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode
        • Mode 2 - EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 3 - HO2S Heater, HO2S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 6 - EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2002-03: MX-5 MIATA
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode
        • Mode 2 - EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 3 - HO2S Heater, HO2S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 4 - EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2002-03: Protege, Protege5
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Drive Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory
        • Drive Mode 2 - EGR Monitor Repair Verification
        • Drive Mode 3 - HO2S, HO2S Heater & TWC Repair Verification
        • Drive Mode 4 - EVAP System Repair Verification
        • Drive Mode 5 - EVAP System Very Small Leak Repair Verification
      • 2003: MAZDA6
        • OBD-II Drive Modes
          • Notes
          • Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode
          • Mode 2 - EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
          • Mode 3 - HO2S Heater, HO2S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
          • Mode 4 - EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2004-06: MAZDA3 & 2006: MAZDA5 & 2007-09: MAZDA3 (W/O Turbo)
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
          • Notes
          • Mazda3: Except for California emission regulation applicable model & Mazda5
          • Mazda3: California emission regulation applicable model
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2004-05: MAZDA6
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (Pcm Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3: 2004 (H02S Heater, H02S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode) (3.0L Cal: AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T) Only)
        • Mode 3: 2004 (H02S Heater, H02S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode) (2.3L & 3.0L Cal: Except For AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T)): 2005 All Engines
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (Pcm Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System, H02S Heater, H02S, TWC & EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode) (3.0L Cal: AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T) Only)
        • Single Drive Mode (Pcm Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System, H02S Heater, H02S, TWC & EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode) (2.3L & 3.0L Cal: Except For AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T))
      • 2004: MPV
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System Repair Verification, HO2S heater, HO2S TWC, and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2004: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (Pcm Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (Ho2S Heater, Ho2S, & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (Pcm Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System Repair Verification, Ho2S Heater, Ho2S, TWC, & EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2004: RX-8
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2005-06: MPV
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode) With rear HO2S model
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
          • With rear HO2S model
        • H02S Heater, H02S, and EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode Without rear HO2S model
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
          • With rear HO2S model
        • Single Drive Mode (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System Repair verification, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
          • With rear HO2S model
      • 2005: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System Repair Verification, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2005-08: RX-8
        • Notes
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 5 (AIR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, AIR System and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2006-08: MAZDA6
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
          • Notes
          • 4 Cylinder W/O Turbo California emission regulation applicable ATX model & V6
          • 4 Cylinder W/O Turbo Except California emission regulation applicable ATX model & 4 Cylinder W/Turbo
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/O Turbo & V6)
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/Turbo)
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/O Turbo)
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/Turbo)
        • Single Drive Mode (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode) (V6)
      • 2006-08: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S Heater, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007-09: MAZDA3 (W/Turbo)
        • Notes
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007-08: CX-7
        • Notes
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007-10: CX-9
      • 2008-09: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • Mode 02 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 03 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2008-09: Tribute
        • Description of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
        • Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD II Drive Cycle
      • 2009-10: MAZDA6 (4 Cylinder)
        • Notes
        • Mode 02 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 03 (A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2009-10: MAZDA6 (V6)
      • 2009: CX-7
        • Notes
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 03 (A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2009: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2009-11: RX-8
        • Notes
        • Mode 3 (A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 5 (AIR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-13: MAZDA3 (W/Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR system, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-12: CX-7 (W/Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-12: CX-7 (W/O Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-13: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-11: Tribute
        • Description
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • 2011-13: CX-9
      • 2010-13: MAZDA3 (W/O Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2012-13: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2011-13: MAZDA6 (4 Cylinder)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2011-13: MAZDA6 (V6)
      • 2012-13: MAZDA2
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2013: CX-5
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (Variable Valve Timing, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brake DTCS
    • Anti-Theft DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission DTCS
    • Engine Immobilizer DTCS
    • Engine Performance DTCS
    • Instrument Panel DTCS
    • Power Window DTCS
    • Transfer Case DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • * Please Read This First *
      • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • Application
        • Notes
        • Introduction/Engine/VIN Id
      • Emission Applications
        • Notes
        • Emission Application Tables
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Adjustment
        • Notes
        • On-Vehicle Adjustments
      • Theory & Operation
      • Testing & Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Basic Diagnostic Procedures/Basic Testing
        • Self-Diagnostics/Tests W/Codes
        • Trouble Shooting - No Codes/Tests W/O Codes
        • System & Component Testing
      • Pin Voltage Charts
      • Sensor Range Charts
        • Notes
        • Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams - Engine Performance
        • Notes
        • 2002 & Earlier
        • 2003 & Later
  • Restraints
    • Air Bag And Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • ACURA (1988-04)
      • DAEWOO (1999-02)
      • HONDA (1991-04)
      • HYUNDAI (1994-04)
      • INFINITI (1990-04)
      • ISUZU (1990-04)
      • KIA (1995-05)
      • LEXUS (1990-04)
      • MAZDA (1990-04)
      • MITSUBISHI (1990-04)
      • NISSAN (1989-04)
      • Scion (2004)
      • SUBARU (1992-04)
      • SUZUKI (1995-04)
      • TOYOTA (1990-04)
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
      • AUDI
        • System Operation Check
          • Allroad, A4, A6, A8, S4, S8 & TT
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Allroad, A4, A6, A8, S4, S8 & TT
      • BMW
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • HONDA
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Air Bag System (Accord)
          • Activating Air Bag System (Accord)
          • Disabling Air Bag System (Civic & Civic Si)
          • Activating Air Bag System (Civic & Civic Si)
          • Disabling Air Bag System (CR-V, Insight, Odyssey & S2000)
          • Activating Air Bag System (CR-V, Insight, Odyssey & S2000)
      • INFINITI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • ISUZU
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling System (Axiom, Rodeo, Rodeo Sport & Trooper)
          • Activating System (Axiom, Rodeo, Rodeo Sport & Trooper)
      • Jaguar
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • KIA
        • System Operation Check
          • All Models, Except Optima & Sedona
          • Optima & Sedona
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • Land Rover
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • LEXUS
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • MAZDA
        • System Operation Check
          • B Series Pickup & Tribute
          • Millenia, MPV, MX-5 Miata, Protege & 626
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling System (B Series Pickup)
          • Activating System (B Series Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Tribute)
          • Activating Air Bag System (Tribute)
          • Disabling Air Bag System (Millenia, MPV, MX-5 Miata, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
          • Activating Air Bag System (Millenia, MPV, MX-5 Miata, Protege, Protege5 & 626)
      • MITSUBISHI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • NISSAN
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • PORSCHE
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • SAAB
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • SUZUKI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • TOYOTA
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • VOLKSWAGEN
        • System Operation Check
          • Cabrio, EuroVan, Golf, GTI, Jetta, New Beetle & Passat
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Cabrio, EuroVan, Golf, GTI, Jetta, New Beetle & Passat
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • Manual A/C-Heater Systems - HVAC
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Basic System Structural View
        • Refrigerant System Structural View
        • A/C Compressor And Clutch Assembly Description
        • A/C Cycling Switch Description
        • Refrigerant Lines Description
        • Evaporator Core Description
      • Refrigerant System Service Warnings
        • Using/Handling Unapproved Refrigerant
        • Handling Refrigerant
        • Storing Refrigerant
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
      • Troubleshooting Index
      • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Notes
        • Refrigerant System Recovery
        • Refrigerant System Evacuation
        • Refrigerant System Charging
      • Refrigerant Oil Addition
      • Inspection And Assembly Requirements - Following Compressor Failure
      • Refrigerant System Filtering After A/C Compressor Replacement
      • Spring Lock Coupling
      • Peanut Fitting
      • Service Gauge Port Valves
      • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
      • A/C Compressor Inspection
        • External Leak Test
      • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core - On-Vehicle Leak Test
      • Magnetic Clutch Adjustment
      • A/C Condenser Core Description 196
      • A/C Pressure Cut-Off Switch Description
      • Receiver/Drier Description
      • System Tests
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Improper/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet(S)
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The A/C Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Properly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The A/C Is Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Insufficient A/C Cooling
        • Pinpoint Test 6: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
        • Pinpoint Test 9: No Operation In High Blower Setting
        • Pinpoint Test 10: No Operation In Lower Speeds
      • Component Tests
        • Water Control Valve Inspection
        • Heater Core Inspection
          • Notes
          • Plugged Heater Core
          • Heater Core Pressure Test
        • Heater Core Bench Test
        • Evaporator Core Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Receiver/Drier Removal/Installation
        • Condenser Core Removal/Installation
        • Shaft Seal Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Magnetic Clutch Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Compressor
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (2.3L)
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (3.0L)
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • A/C Compressor Bracket Removal/Installation (3.0L)
        • A/C Compressor Bracket Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • Evaporator Core Orifice Removal/Installation
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing Removal/Installation
          • Notes
          • 2.3L
          • 3.0L/4.0L
        • Evaporator Core Removal/Installation
        • LH Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • LH Instrument Panel Register Duct Removal/Installation
        • RH Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • RH Instrument Panel Register Duct Removal/Installation
          • Removal/Installation
        • Center Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • Center Instrument Panel Duct Register Removal/Installation
        • Windshield Defroster And Side Window Demister Nozzles Removal/Installation
        • Air Inlet Duct Door Removal/Installation
        • Heater Outlet Floor Duct Removal/Installation
        • Plenum Chamber Removal/Installation
        • Heater Hose Removal/Installation
        • Heater Core Removal/Installation
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (2.3L)
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (3.0L)
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • Condenser To Evaporator Line Removal/Installation
        • Blend Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Panel/Floor Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Panel Defrost Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Air Inlet Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Blower Motor Removal/Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir Tank And Bracket Removal/Installation
        • Front Splash Shield Removal/Installation
        • Heater Control Unit Removal/Installation
        • Heater Control Switch Removal/Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Schematic - Manual Climate Control System
        • Vacuum Schematic
      • Wiring Diagrams
      • Special Tools
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
      • Cabin Air Filter Applications
    • Manual A/C-Heater Systems - HVAC
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Basic System Structural View
        • Refrigerant System Structural View
        • A/C Compressor And Clutch Assembly Description
        • A/C Cycling Switch Description
        • Refrigerant Lines Description
        • Evaporator Core Description
      • Refrigerant System Service Warnings
        • Using/Handling Unapproved Refrigerant
        • Handling Refrigerant
        • Storing Refrigerant
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
      • Troubleshooting Index
      • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Notes
        • Refrigerant System Recovery
        • Refrigerant System Evacuation
        • Refrigerant System Charging
      • Refrigerant Oil Addition
      • Inspection And Assembly Requirements - Following Compressor Failure
      • Refrigerant System Filtering After A/C Compressor Replacement
      • Spring Lock Coupling
      • Peanut Fitting
      • Service Gauge Port Valves
      • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
      • A/C Compressor Inspection
        • External Leak Test
      • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core - On-Vehicle Leak Test
      • Magnetic Clutch Adjustment
      • A/C Condenser Core Description 196
      • A/C Pressure Cut-Off Switch Description
      • Receiver/Drier Description
      • System Tests
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Improper/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet(S)
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The A/C Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Properly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The A/C Is Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Insufficient A/C Cooling
        • Pinpoint Test 6: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
        • Pinpoint Test 9: No Operation In High Blower Setting
        • Pinpoint Test 10: No Operation In Lower Speeds
      • Component Tests
        • Water Control Valve Inspection
        • Heater Core Inspection
          • Notes
          • Plugged Heater Core
          • Heater Core Pressure Test
        • Heater Core Bench Test
        • Evaporator Core Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Receiver/Drier Removal/Installation
        • Condenser Core Removal/Installation
        • Shaft Seal Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Magnetic Clutch Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Compressor
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (2.3L)
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (3.0L)
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • A/C Compressor Bracket Removal/Installation (3.0L)
        • A/C Compressor Bracket Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • Evaporator Core Orifice Removal/Installation
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing Removal/Installation
          • Notes
          • 2.3L
          • 3.0L/4.0L
        • Evaporator Core Removal/Installation
        • LH Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • LH Instrument Panel Register Duct Removal/Installation
        • RH Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • RH Instrument Panel Register Duct Removal/Installation
          • Removal/Installation
        • Center Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • Center Instrument Panel Duct Register Removal/Installation
        • Windshield Defroster And Side Window Demister Nozzles Removal/Installation
        • Air Inlet Duct Door Removal/Installation
        • Heater Outlet Floor Duct Removal/Installation
        • Plenum Chamber Removal/Installation
        • Heater Hose Removal/Installation
        • Heater Core Removal/Installation
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (2.3L)
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (3.0L)
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • Condenser To Evaporator Line Removal/Installation
        • Blend Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Panel/Floor Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Panel Defrost Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Air Inlet Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Blower Motor Removal/Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir Tank And Bracket Removal/Installation
        • Front Splash Shield Removal/Installation
        • Heater Control Unit Removal/Installation
        • Heater Control Switch Removal/Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Schematic - Manual Climate Control System
        • Vacuum Schematic
      • Wiring Diagrams
      • Special Tools
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Manual A/C-Heater Systems - HVAC
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Basic System Structural View
        • Refrigerant System Structural View
        • A/C Compressor And Clutch Assembly Description
        • A/C Cycling Switch Description
        • Refrigerant Lines Description
        • Evaporator Core Description
      • Refrigerant System Service Warnings
        • Using/Handling Unapproved Refrigerant
        • Handling Refrigerant
        • Storing Refrigerant
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
      • Troubleshooting Index
      • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Notes
        • Refrigerant System Recovery
        • Refrigerant System Evacuation
        • Refrigerant System Charging
      • Refrigerant Oil Addition
      • Inspection And Assembly Requirements - Following Compressor Failure
      • Refrigerant System Filtering After A/C Compressor Replacement
      • Spring Lock Coupling
      • Peanut Fitting
      • Service Gauge Port Valves
      • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
      • A/C Compressor Inspection
        • External Leak Test
      • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core - On-Vehicle Leak Test
      • Magnetic Clutch Adjustment
      • A/C Condenser Core Description 196
      • A/C Pressure Cut-Off Switch Description
      • Receiver/Drier Description
      • System Tests
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Improper/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet(S)
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The A/C Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Properly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The A/C Is Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Insufficient A/C Cooling
        • Pinpoint Test 6: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
        • Pinpoint Test 9: No Operation In High Blower Setting
        • Pinpoint Test 10: No Operation In Lower Speeds
      • Component Tests
        • Water Control Valve Inspection
        • Heater Core Inspection
          • Notes
          • Plugged Heater Core
          • Heater Core Pressure Test
        • Heater Core Bench Test
        • Evaporator Core Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Receiver/Drier Removal/Installation
        • Condenser Core Removal/Installation
        • Shaft Seal Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Magnetic Clutch Removal/Installation
          • Removal Note
          • Installation Note
        • Compressor
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (2.3L)
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (3.0L)
          • A/C Compressor Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • A/C Compressor Bracket Removal/Installation (3.0L)
        • A/C Compressor Bracket Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • Evaporator Core Orifice Removal/Installation
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing Removal/Installation
          • Notes
          • 2.3L
          • 3.0L/4.0L
        • Evaporator Core Removal/Installation
        • LH Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • LH Instrument Panel Register Duct Removal/Installation
        • RH Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • RH Instrument Panel Register Duct Removal/Installation
          • Removal/Installation
        • Center Instrument Panel Register Removal/Installation
        • Center Instrument Panel Duct Register Removal/Installation
        • Windshield Defroster And Side Window Demister Nozzles Removal/Installation
        • Air Inlet Duct Door Removal/Installation
        • Heater Outlet Floor Duct Removal/Installation
        • Plenum Chamber Removal/Installation
        • Heater Hose Removal/Installation
        • Heater Core Removal/Installation
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (2.3L)
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (3.0L)
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly Removal/Installation (4.0L)
        • Condenser To Evaporator Line Removal/Installation
        • Blend Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Panel/Floor Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Panel Defrost Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Air Inlet Door Actuator Removal/Installation
        • Blower Motor Removal/Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir Tank And Bracket Removal/Installation
        • Front Splash Shield Removal/Installation
        • Heater Control Unit Removal/Installation
        • Heater Control Switch Removal/Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Schematic - Manual Climate Control System
        • Vacuum Schematic
      • Wiring Diagrams
      • Special Tools
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Air Bag System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Deactivate Switch
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Restraints Control Module
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • For Component Replacement (Seat Belt Pretensioners)
          • For Component Replacement (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
          • For Diagnostics (Seat Belt Pretensioners)
          • For Diagnostics (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
        • Activating System
          • For Component Replacement (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
          • For Diagnostics (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag-Faulty Unit (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
        • Scrapped Vehicle (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Deactivate (Pad) Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Active Commands
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
        • Prove Out System
        • Verify System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: Crash Data Memory Full (DTC B1231)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: RCM Bracket Ground Resistance High (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Incorrect Vehicle Identification Code (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Driver Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1887)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Driver Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1916)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Passenger Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1888)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Passenger Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1925)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Driver Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1932)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Passenger Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1933)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Driver Air Bag Low Resistance (DTC B1934)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Passenger Air Bag Resistance Low (DTC B1935)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Fault (DTC B1871)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Warning Light Inoperative (DTC B1884)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Warning Light Short To Battery (DTC B1890)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Air Bag Warning Light Inoperative (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Air Bag Warning Light Short To Battery Voltage (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1885/B1877)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1881/B1886)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1878)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1879)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1882)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1883)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Z: No Communication With RCM
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering
      • Precaution (Steering)
        • Wheels And Tires Removal/Installation Note
        • Power Steering Components Removal/Installation Note
        • Connectors Disconnection/Connection Note
      • Diagnosis And Testing Power Steering
        • Power Steering
        • Steering System Symptom Definitions
          • Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
      • Power Steering Structural View - (4X4)
        • System View - Typical
      • Power Steering System Purging
      • Power Steering Fluid
        • System Flushing
        • Final Fill Inspection
      • Power Steering System Inspection
        • Steering Linkage Test
        • Turning Effort Test
        • Pump Flow And Pressure Test
        • Tie Rod Articulation Torque Test
        • Steering Gear Valve Test
      • Lock Cylinder Removal/Installation
        • Lock Cylinder Functional
        • Lock Cylinder Non-Functional
      • Key Release Button Removal/Installation
      • Steering Wheel Removal/Installation
      • Steering Column Removal/Installation
      • Steering Column Disassembly/Assembly
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Steering Shaft Removal/Installation
      • Steering Gear Mounting Structural View
        • Steering Gear Mounting - 4X2/4X4
      • Steering Gear Description
        • Steering Gear Components
        • Steering Gear Identification
        • Pump Identification
      • Steering Gear Removal/Installation
        • 4X2 Removal
        • 4X2 Installation
        • 4X4 Removal
        • 4X4 Installation
      • Power Steering Oil Pump Pulley Removal/Installation
        • 2.3L & 3.0L Removal
        • 2.3L & 3.0L Installation
        • 4.0L Removal
        • 4.0L Installation
      • Power Steering Oil Pump Removal/Installation
        • CII Pump Removal Note
        • CII Pump Installation
        • CIII 2.3L Pump Removal
        • CIII 2.3L Installation
        • CIII 4.0L Pump Removal
        • CIII 4.0L Installation
      • Power Steering Fluid Cooler Removal/Installation
      • Power Steering Hose Removal/Installation
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Sensor Ring Removal/Installation
      • Specifications
      • Special Tools
  • Power Steering
    • Precaution (Steering)
      • Wheels And Tires Removal/Installation Note
      • Power Steering Components Removal/Installation Note
      • Connectors Disconnection/Connection Note
    • Diagnosis And Testing Power Steering
      • Power Steering
      • Steering System Symptom Definitions
        • Drift/Pull
        • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
        • Feedback
        • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
        • Nibble
        • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
        • Shimmy
        • Wander
    • Power Steering Structural View - (4X4)
      • System View - Typical
    • Power Steering System Purging
    • Power Steering Fluid
      • System Flushing
      • Final Fill Inspection
    • Power Steering System Inspection
      • Steering Linkage Test
      • Turning Effort Test
      • Pump Flow And Pressure Test
      • Tie Rod Articulation Torque Test
      • Steering Gear Valve Test
    • Lock Cylinder Removal/Installation
      • Lock Cylinder Functional
      • Lock Cylinder Non-Functional
    • Key Release Button Removal/Installation
    • Steering Wheel Removal/Installation
    • Steering Column Removal/Installation
    • Steering Column Disassembly/Assembly
      • Notes
      • Disassembly
      • Assembly
    • Steering Shaft Removal/Installation
    • Steering Gear Mounting Structural View
      • Steering Gear Mounting - 4X2/4X4
    • Steering Gear Description
      • Steering Gear Components
      • Steering Gear Identification
      • Pump Identification
    • Steering Gear Removal/Installation
      • 4X2 Removal
      • 4X2 Installation
      • 4X4 Removal
      • 4X4 Installation
    • Power Steering Oil Pump Pulley Removal/Installation
      • 2.3L & 3.0L Removal
      • 2.3L & 3.0L Installation
      • 4.0L Removal
      • 4.0L Installation
    • Power Steering Oil Pump Removal/Installation
      • CII Pump Removal Note
      • CII Pump Installation
      • CIII 2.3L Pump Removal
      • CIII 2.3L Installation
      • CIII 4.0L Pump Removal
      • CIII 4.0L Installation
    • Power Steering Fluid Cooler Removal/Installation
    • Power Steering Hose Removal/Installation
      • Removal
      • Installation
    • Steering Sensor Ring Removal/Installation
    • Specifications
    • Special Tools
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension System
    • Suspension Diagnosis
      • Inspection & Verification
      • Visual Inspection (Mechanical)
      • Symptom Troubleshooting
      • Suspension NVH Diagnosis
        • Suspension NVH Diagnostic Procedure
        • Suspension NVH Road Test Procedure
      • Road Test
        • Notes
        • Road Test Quick Checks
      • Suspension NVH Hoist Test Procedure
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Suspension NVH
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 1: High-Speed Shake
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 2: Tip-In Moan
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 3: Idle Boom/Shake/Vibration
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 4: Wheel End Vibration Analysis
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 5: Non-Axle Noise
    • Wheels & Tires Diagnosis
      • Wheels & Tires Road Test
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Wheels And Tires
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Wheels & Tires Precaution
      • Tire Replacement Precaution
      • Wheel & Tire Removal/Installation
        • Wheel & Tire Removal Note
        • Wheel & Tire Installation Note
      • Wheel & Tire Inspection/Adjustment
        • Tire Visual Inspection
        • Tire Wear Inspection
        • Abnormal Tire Wear
        • Air Pressure Inspection
        • Air Leakage Inspection
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel & Tire Runout Inspection
        • Wheel Runout
        • Tire Runout
        • Wheel Leaks Inspection
        • Wheel Balance Adjustment
      • Lug Bolts Removal/Installation
        • Notes
        • Wheel Studs Removal/Installation
          • Notes
          • Installation Note
    • General Procedures
      • Suspension Precaution
        • Wheels & Tires Removal/Installation
        • Suspension Links Removal/Installation
    • Troubleshooting
      • Suspension Diagnosis
        • Inspection & Verification
    • Front Suspension Components
    • Lower Arm
      • Removal/Installation
        • Lower Arm Removal - 4x2
        • Lower Arm Removal - 4x4
        • Lower Arm Installation - 4x2
        • Lower Arm Installation - 4x4
    • Upper Arm
      • Removal/Installation
        • Upper Arm Removal - 4x2
        • Upper Arm Removal - 4x4
        • Upper Arm Installation - 4x2
        • Upper Arm Installation - 4x4
    • Bar And Link
      • Removal/Installation
        • Bar And Link Removal - 4X2
        • Bar And Link Installation
    • Spindle
      • Removal/ Installation
        • Spindle Removal - 4X2
        • Spindle Installation
    • Coil Spring
      • Removal/Installation
        • Coil Spring Removal 4x2
        • Coil Spring Installation
    • Torsion Bar
      • Removal/Installation
        • Torsion Bar Removal - 4X4
        • Torsion Bar Installation
    • Knuckle
      • Removal/Installation
        • Knuckle Removal - 4X4
        • Knuckle Installation
    • Wheel Hub (4X4) Removal/Installation
    • Axle Noise - Bearing Whine
    • Wheel Bearing Inspection
    • Wheel Bearing Removal/Install - 4X2
      • Wheel Bearing Removal
      • Wheel Bearing Installation
    • Wheel Bearing Adjustment - 4X2
    • Bearing Shimming
    • Bearing Whine
    • Ball Joint Inspection
    • Torque Specifications
    • Specifications
  • Rear Suspension System
    • Suspension Diagnosis
      • Inspection & Verification
      • Visual Inspection (Mechanical)
      • Symptom Troubleshooting
      • Suspension NVH Diagnosis
        • Suspension NVH Diagnostic Procedure
        • Suspension NVH Road Test Procedure
      • Road Test
        • Notes
        • Road Test Quick Checks
        • Axle Noise
      • Suspension NVH Hoist Test Procedure
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Suspension NVH
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 1: High-Speed Shake
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 2: Tip-In Moan
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 3: Idle Boom/Shake/Vibration
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 4: Wheel End Vibration Analysis
      • Suspension Pinpoint Test 5: Non-Axle Noise
    • Wheels & Tires Diagnosis
      • Wheels & Tires Road Test
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Wheels And Tires
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Wheels & Tires Precaution
      • Tire Replacement Precaution
      • Wheel & Tire Removal/Installation
        • Wheel & Tire Removal Note
        • Wheel & Tire Installation Note
      • Wheel & Tire Inspection/Adjustment
        • Tire Visual Inspection
        • Tire Wear Inspection
        • Abnormal Tire Wear
        • Air Pressure Inspection
        • Air Leakage Inspection
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel & Tire Runout Inspection
        • Wheel Runout
        • Tire Runout
        • Wheel Leaks Inspection
        • Wheel Balance Adjustment
      • Lug Bolts Removal/Installation
        • Notes
        • Wheel Studs Removal/Installation
          • Notes
          • Installation Note
    • General Procedures
      • Suspension Precaution
        • Wheels & Tires Removal/Installation
        • Suspension Links Removal/Installation
    • Troubleshooting
      • Suspension Diagnosis
        • Inspection & Verification
    • Rear Suspension
      • Rear Suspension Components
      • Shock Absorbers
        • Shock Absorber Rear Removal/Installation
        • Shock Absorber Inspection Rear
      • Rear Stabilizer Bar
        • Stabilizer Bar Rear Removal/Installation
      • Rear Leaf Spring
        • Leaf Spring Rear Suspension Removal/Installation
  • Specifications & Procedures - Wheel Alignment
    • Wheel Alignment PREINSPECTION
    • Wheel Alignment
      • Camber & Caster Adjustment
      • Toe Adjustment
      • Ride Height Adjustment
    • Wheel Alignment Specifications
• Transmission
  • Clutch
    • Removal & Installation - M/T
      • Clutch Unit Structural View
      • Clutch Fluid Inspection
      • Clutch Fluid Replacement
      • Clutch Bleed Procedure - Bench
      • Clutch Bleed Procedure - On-Vehicle
      • Clutch Pedal Adjustment
      • Clutch Pedal Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Pipe Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Master Cylinder Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Release Cylinder Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Disc And Cover Removal/Installation
      • Pilot Bearing Removal/Installation
      • Flywheel Removal/Installation
      • Flywheel Dowel Removal/Installation
      • Flywheel Housing To Block Dowel Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Cover Inspection
      • Clutch Disc Inspection
      • Pilot Bearing Inspection
      • Flywheel Inspection
      • Flywheel RUNOUT Check Inspection
      • Flywheel Ring Gear Removal/Installation
      • Manual Transmission Removal/Installation
      • Manual Transmission Shift Lever And Boot Removal/Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Special Tools
  • Manual Trans
    • Manual Transmission [Overhaul M5OD-R1)
      • Application
      • Identification
        • Notes
        • Gear Ratios
      • Description
      • Lubrication
        • Recommended Fluid
        • Fluid Capacities
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Transmission Disassembly
        • Manual Transmission Overhaul Precaution
          • Disassembly Precaution
          • Assembly Precaution
        • Disassembly
      • Component Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Shift Control Housing (Case Cover)
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Input (Primary) Shaft Bearing
          • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Output (Secondary) Shaft
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Reverse Idler Gear
          • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Synchronizers
          • Disassembly & Reassembly
      • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Notes
        • Bearings
        • Countershaft
        • Input Shaft
        • Output Shaft
        • Synchronizers
      • Transmission Reassembly
        • Notes
        • Input Shaft End Play
      • Torque Specifications
    • Removal & Installation - M/T
      • Clutch Unit Structural View
      • Clutch Fluid Inspection
      • Clutch Fluid Replacement
      • Clutch Bleed Procedure - Bench
      • Clutch Bleed Procedure - On-Vehicle
      • Clutch Pedal Adjustment
      • Clutch Pedal Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Pipe Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Master Cylinder Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Release Cylinder Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Disc And Cover Removal/Installation
      • Pilot Bearing Removal/Installation
      • Flywheel Removal/Installation
      • Flywheel Dowel Removal/Installation
      • Flywheel Housing To Block Dowel Removal/Installation
      • Clutch Cover Inspection
      • Clutch Disc Inspection
      • Pilot Bearing Inspection
      • Flywheel Inspection
      • Flywheel RUNOUT Check Inspection
      • Flywheel Ring Gear Removal/Installation
      • Manual Transmission Removal/Installation
      • Manual Transmission Shift Lever And Boot Removal/Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Special Tools
    • Servicing - M/T
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
          • Transmission
          • Transfer Case
        • Checking Fluid Level
          • Transmission
          • Transfer Case
        • Recommended Fluid
        • Fluid Capacities
        • Draining & Refilling
          • Transmission
          • Transfer Case
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gearshift Linkage
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Extension Housing & Rear Oil Seal (2WD)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Flange & Rear Oil Seal (4WD)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shift Lever & Boot
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transfer Case Damper
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transfer Case Shift Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
  • Transfer Case
    • Technical Data (Driveline/Axle)
      • Technical Data
        • Specifications
          • Front Differential General Specifications
          • Transfer Case Lubricant Capacity Specifications
          • Rear Differential General Specifications
          • Rear Driveline Angles At Curb (4X2) Specifications
          • Rear Driveline Angles At Curb (4x4) Specifications
    • Transfer Case
      • Application
      • Description
        • Notes
        • System Function
        • Automatic Shift
          • Electronic Shift
          • Transfer Case Power Flow
        • Manual Shift
          • Transfer Case Power Flow
      • Operation
        • Notes
        • Electronic Shift Control System
          • Notes
          • Electric Shift Motor
          • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Brake Switch
          • Rotary Control Switch
          • Electronic Control Module
      • Lubrication
        • Recommended Fluid
        • Fluid Capacities
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Removal & Installation
        • Electric Shift Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Output Shaft Oil Seal
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Cleaning & Precautions
          • Transfer Case Cleaning
          • General Notes
        • Transfer Case Disassembly
        • Transfer Case Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
    • Transfer Case (Borg-WARNER 13-54) Electronic Controls
      • Application
      • Electronic Shift - On-Board Diagnosis
        • Retrieving DTCS
        • Erasing DTCS
        • 4X4 PID Index
        • 4X4 Active Command Index
        • 4X4 DTC Index
      • Pinpoint Test 1: Electronic Shift Functional Test
      • Pinpoint Test 2: No Communication With The 4WD Control Module
      • Pinpoint Test 3: The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between 2WD & 4WD Modes Correctly
      • Pinpoint Test 4: The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between 4WD High & 4WD Low Modes Correctly
      • Transfer Case Fluid
      • Oil Seal Removal/Installation
      • Relay Component Test
      • Shift Control Switch Removal/Installation
      • Shift Control Module Removal/Installation
      • Shift Motor Removal/Installation
      • Shift Motor Encoder Assembly Removal/Installation
      • Transfer Case Lubricant Capacity Specifications
      • Special Tools
    • Transfer Case [Removal & Installation]
      • Transfer Case Removal/Installation
      • Damper Removal/Installation
      • Torque Specifications
• External Pages