Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brake DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission DTCS
    • Communication Device DTCS
    • Engine Performance DTCS
    • Instrument Panel DTCS
    • Interior/Exterior Lighting DTCS
    • Security & Lock DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Identifying Connector (C111, C112, C113, C114, C115 & C116)
        • Identifying Connector (C121, C122, C124 & C125)
        • Identifying Connector (C126, C127, C128 & C130)
        • Identifying Connector (C133)
        • Identifying Connector (C134)
        • Identifying Connector (C137, C139, C1140 & C141)
        • Identifying Connector (C142, C143, C150 & C152)
        • Identifying Connector (C155, C160 & C162)
        • Identifying Connector (C167, C169, C171, C172 & C174)
        • Identifying Connector (C175)
        • Identifying Connector (C180, C181, C182, C183, C184 & C185)
        • Identifying Connector (C186, C189, C193, C197a & C197b)
        • Identifying Connector (C199 & C201a)
        • Identifying Connector (C201b & C210)
        • Identifying Connector (C211 & C212)
        • Identifying Connector (C213, C216, C218a & C218b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220a & C220b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220c & C240a)
        • Identifying Connector (C240b & C241)
        • Identifying Connector (C242, C248 & C250)
        • Identifying Connector (C251 & C256)
        • Identifying Connector (C260)
        • Identifying Connector (C263 & C270a)
        • Identifying Connector (C270b & C270c)
        • Identifying Connector (C270d & C270e)
        • Identifying Connector (C270f, C277, C278 & C284)
        • Identifying Connector (C290, C293 & C294a)
        • Identifying Connector (C294b, C294c, C304, C305 & C306)
        • Identifying Connector (C311, C312)
        • Identifying Connector (C313 & C314)
        • Identifying Connector (C315 C316 & C320)
        • Identifying Connector (C321, C323, C329 & C334)
        • Identifying Connector (C335, C337 & C352)
        • Identifying Connector (C353, C354, C359 & C362)
        • Identifying Connector (C363, C364, C365, C367, C377 & C378)
        • Identifying Connector (C382, C389, C392, C402 & C402b)
        • Identifying Connector (C405 & C406)
        • Identifying Connector (C408 & C410)
        • Identifying Connector (C411 & C413)
        • Identifying Connector (C416 & C418)
        • Identifying Connector (C429, C421, C423 & C426)
        • Identifying Connector (C433, C435, C439 & C440)
        • Identifying Connector (C451, C454, C457 & C461)
        • Identifying Connector (C462, C466, C474, C475 & C476)
        • Identifying Connector (C478, C479, C508 & C513)
        • Identifying Connector (C520, C523, C524 & C525)
        • Identifying Connector (C601 & C604)
        • Identifying Connector (C605, C608, C609 & C612)
        • Identifying Connector (C613, C701, C702 & C703)
        • Identifying Connector (C704, C802 & C802)
        • Identifying Connector (C803, C804, C906 & C907)
        • Identifying Connector (C911, C312, C918 & C919)
        • Identifying Connector (C920, C921, C926a, C926b & C931)
        • Identifying Connector (C933, C1007 & C1008)
        • Identifying Connector (C1016 C1017 & C1021)
        • Identifying Connector (C1023, C1035a, C1035b, C1035c & C1041)
        • Identifying Connector (C1043 & C1051)
        • Identifying Connector (C1056 & C1057)
        • Identifying Connector (C1058, C1062, C1064, C1065 & C1066)
        • Identifying Connector (C1068, C1074, C1077, C1083, C1086 & C1088)
        • Identifying Connector (C1097, C1098, C1099 & C1100a)
        • Identifying Connector (C1100b, C1101, C1102, C1103, C1120 & C1121)
        • Identifying Connector (C1122, C1123, C1164, C1180, C1181 & C1182)
        • Identifying Connector (C1183, C1184, C1189, C1195 & C1197)
        • Identifying Connector (C2007 & C2008)
        • Identifying Connector (C2010 & C2017)
        • Identifying Connector (C2027, C2027b & C2031)
        • Identifying Connector (C2003, C2035 & C2039)
        • Identifying Connector (C2041a & C2041b)
        • Identifying Connector (C2050, C2059 & C2065)
        • Identifying Connector (C2066, C2068, C3069 & C2070)
        • Identifying Connector (C2072, C2073, C2074 & C2075)
        • Identifying Connector (C2076, C2077 & C2080)
        • Identifying Connector (C2081, C4009, C4010, C4011 & C4012)
        • Identifying Connector (C4014)
        • Identifying Connector (C40145 & C4042)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Control System (Anti-Theft System)
      • Communications Network
      • Module Controlled Functions
      • Customer Preference Items
      • Programmable Module Installation
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Programming - NGS
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data from Original GEM and Restoring Data to New GEM
        • Downloading Data from PCM to GEM
        • GEM Manual Programming with As-Built Data
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Programming - WDS
      • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Transceiver
        • Removal and Installation
      • Anti-Theft Security Access - NGS
      • Anti-Theft Security Access - WDS
      • Key Programming Switch State Control - NGS
      • Key Programming Switch State Control - WDS
      • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • To Reprogram Additional Keys With NGS Tester (version 9.0 card)
        • To Program Additional Key With WDS Tester (if only one programmed key is available)
        • What To Do If All Keys Are Lost (using WDS)
        • What To Do If All Keys Are Lost (using NGS Tester ver 9.0)
      • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • To Program Keys Without WDS or NGS Tester
        • To Erase Additional Keys Using Only Two Programmed Keys
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
    • Security System And Locks System
      • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
        • Notes
        • Keyless Entry
      • Hood Latch
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front Door Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Window Latch
        • Removal and Installation
        • Installation
      • Door Latch - Fuel Filler
        • Removal and Installation
      • Door Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior Door Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Filler Door Release Handle And Cable
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Front Door Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Rear Door Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Latch Actuator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hood Latch Release Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Remote Transmitter Programming
    • Troubleshooting (Security System And Locks System)
      • Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Power Door Locks
          • Keyless Entry
        • Inspection and Verification
        • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Door Locks/Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
        • Pinpoint Test 3: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From A Single Key Cylinder Switch
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger Doors
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver Door
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
        • Pinpoint Test 8: Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Panic Feature Does Not Operate Correctly - Unlock And Lock Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 10: The Remote Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
      • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Anit-Scan Feature
        • Inspection and Verification
        • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Anti Theft System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Antenna Not Connected
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Vehicle Does Not Start - The Anti-Theft Led Proves Out Normally
  • Communication Devices
    • Troubleshooting (Communication Control System)
      • Communications Network
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Module Configuration
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
          • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
          • As-Built Data Center
          • Customer Preference Items
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Module Configuration Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Module
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Unable To Configure The New Module
      • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Module
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Communication With The Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Speed Control Actuator
      • Removal and Installation
    • Speed Control Switch
      • Removal and Installation
    • Speed Control Cable
      • Removal and Installation
        • Notes
        • Vehicles equipped with 2.0L Zetec engine
        • Vehicles equipped with 3.0L (4V) engine
    • Speed Control DEACTIVATOR Switch
      • Removal
      • Installation
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Entertainment System
      • Audio System
        • Notes
        • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
      • Audio Unit
        • Removal and Installation
        • Modular Audio - Upper Module Removal and Installation
          • Notes
          • Upper Module Removal Note
          • Cover Removal Note
          • Screw Installation Note
        • Modular Audio - Lower Module Removal and Installation
          • Notes
          • Cover Removal Note
          • Screw Installation Note
      • Speakers
      • Antenna
      • Antenna Base
        • Removal and Installation
      • Antenna Upper Cable
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ground Strap
        • Removal and Installation
    • Service Tools (Body & Accessories)
      • Special Tools
    • Troubleshooting (Entertainment)
      • Starting Procedure For Diagnostic On-Board Diagnostic Test Mode
      • Supplier Identification Procedure
        • Notes
        • Identification With Printed Numbers/Label Base Unit
        • Upper/lower Module
        • Identification With On-board Diagnostic Test Mode
      • DTC Clearing Procedure
      • DTC Table
      • DTC 09:Er22 Base Unit (Peripheral Circuit)
        • Base Unit (Peripheral Circuit)
      • DTC 09:Er20 Power Supply Circuit Of Base Unit
        • Power Supply Circuit Of Base Unit
      • DTC 00:Er10 Cassette Deck-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 03:Er10 Cd Player-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 05:Er10 Cd Changer-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 06:Er10 Cd Changer-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 07:Er10 MD Player-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 03:Er01 Cd Player (Upper Module)
      • DTC 03:Er02 Cd Player (Upper Module)
      • DTC 03:Er07 Cd Player (Upper Module)
      • DTC 00:Er01 Cassette Deck (Lower Module)
      • DTC 00:Er03 Cassette Deck (Lower Module)
      • DTC 00:Er04 Cassette Tape
      • DTC 05:Er01 Cd Changer (External Type)
      • DTC 05:Er07 Cd Changer (External Type)
      • DTC 06:Er01 Cd Changer (Upper Module)
      • DTC 06:Er02 Cd Changer (Upper Module)
      • DTC 06:Er07 Cd Changer (Upper Module)
      • DTC 07:Er01 MD Player (Lower Module)
      • DTC 07:Er02 MD Player (Lower Module)
      • DTC 07:Er07 MD Player (Lower Module)
      • Diagnostic Assist Function
        • Structural View Switch Location
        • LCD Inspection
        • Button Inspection
        • Speaker Inspection
        • Radio Reception Condition Inspection
  • Exterior Lights
    • Lighting System
      • Exterior Lighting
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - PHOTOMETRIC AIMING
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - SCREEN METHOD AIMING
      • Headlamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headlamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Side Lamp/Front Turn Signal Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • License Plate Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Lamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • High Mounted STOPLAMP Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Fog Lamp Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Cargo Lamp
      • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cargo Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Switches
      • Steering Column MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Lighting System)
      • Headlamps
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Headlamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Low Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The High Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 4: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 5: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
      • STOPLAMPS
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Stop Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Chart 1
          • Chart 2
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
      • Turn Signal, Cornering And Hazard Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Turn Signal, Cornering, And Hazard Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
          • Notes
          • Chart 1
          • Chart 2
        • Pinpoint Test 6: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Always On
      • Parking, Rear And License Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Exterior, Parking, Rear, And License Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Exterior Lamp(S) Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Fog Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Fog Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Backup Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Backup Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Backup Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Backup Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Backup Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Trailer Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Trailer Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Both Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - RH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - LH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Parking Lamps
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Daytime Running Lamps Are On With The Parking Brake Set
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative - Low Beam Headlamps On At Full Intensity With Key On
      • Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Interior Lighting
          • Battery Saver
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Interior Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Interior Lamps Stay On Continuously - Do Not Fade Out
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Interior Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
          • Notes
          • Table 1
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Transmitter
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Battery Voltage Out Of Range
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Instrumentation/Driver Info
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Warning Devices
        • Safety Belt Warning Chime
        • Headlamp On Warning Chime
        • Key In Ignition Warning
        • Air Bag Warning Chime
        • Trip/Odometer Reset Tone
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster and Dimmable Backlighting
        • Non-Dimmable Backlighting
      • Instrument Cluster Module (ICM) Programming - NGS Tester
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data from Original ICM and Restoring Data to New ICM
        • Downloading Data from PCM to ICM
        • ICM Manual Programming with As-Built Data
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic) Replacement Procedure - WDS
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster
        • Gauge Indication Systems
        • Instrument Cluster Replacement
        • Speedometer
        • Odometer
        • Tachometer
        • Fuel Gauge
        • Temperature Gauge
        • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
        • Charging System Indicator
        • Air Bag Warning Indicator
        • Service Engine Soon Indicator
        • High Beam Indicator
        • Turn Indicator
        • Brake Warning Indicator
        • Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator (ABS) (if equipped)
        • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
        • Theft Indicator
        • 4WD Indicator Lamp (if equipped)
        • Speed Control Indicator (if equipped)
        • Door Ajar Indicator
        • Low Fuel Warning Indicator
        • O/D OFF Indicator
        • PRND21 Indicator (automatic transaxle only)
        • Check Fuel Cap
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cluster Lens
        • Removal and Installation
      • Warning Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Selector Lever Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim
      • Interior Trim
      • Front Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • B-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • C-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headliner
        • Removal and Installation
      • Console - Overhead
      • Console - Floor
      • Floor Console - Low Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Floor Console - High Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Panel
        • Overview
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Instrumentation/Driver Information)
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 10: The Theft Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 11: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 12: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 13: The Anti-Lock Brake Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 14: The Air Bag Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 15: The LH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 16: The RH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 17: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 18: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 19: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
        • Pinpoint Test 20: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
        • Pinpoint Test 21: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 22: The Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 23: The Transaxle Range Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 24: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - If Equipped
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Illumination
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Climate Control Panel Illumination Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Rear Defrost Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The 4 Wheel Drive Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Hazard Switch Illumination Source Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Front Fog Lamp Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Chimes
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Horn
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Horn Does Not Sound
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Horn Sounds Continuously
  • Headlights
    • Lighting System
      • Exterior Lighting
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - PHOTOMETRIC AIMING
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - SCREEN METHOD AIMING
      • Headlamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headlamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Side Lamp/Front Turn Signal Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • License Plate Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Lamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • High Mounted STOPLAMP Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Fog Lamp Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Cargo Lamp
      • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cargo Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Switches
      • Steering Column MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Lighting System)
      • Headlamps
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Headlamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Low Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The High Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 4: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 5: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
      • STOPLAMPS
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Stop Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Chart 1
          • Chart 2
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
      • Turn Signal, Cornering And Hazard Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Turn Signal, Cornering, And Hazard Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
          • Notes
          • Chart 1
          • Chart 2
        • Pinpoint Test 6: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Always On
      • Parking, Rear And License Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Exterior, Parking, Rear, And License Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Exterior Lamp(S) Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Fog Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Fog Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Backup Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Backup Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Backup Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Backup Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Backup Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Trailer Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Trailer Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Both Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - RH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - LH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Parking Lamps
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Daytime Running Lamps Are On With The Parking Brake Set
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative - Low Beam Headlamps On At Full Intensity With Key On
      • Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Interior Lighting
          • Battery Saver
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Interior Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Interior Lamps Stay On Continuously - Do Not Fade Out
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Interior Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
          • Notes
          • Table 1
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Transmitter
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Battery Voltage Out Of Range
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Glass/Windows/Mirrors
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Front Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Quarter Window Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Liftgate Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Front Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal
      • Front Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Defrost Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear View Mirrors
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
      • Lead Terminal Repair
  • Horns
    • Instrumentation/Driver Info
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Warning Devices
        • Safety Belt Warning Chime
        • Headlamp On Warning Chime
        • Key In Ignition Warning
        • Air Bag Warning Chime
        • Trip/Odometer Reset Tone
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster and Dimmable Backlighting
        • Non-Dimmable Backlighting
      • Instrument Cluster Module (ICM) Programming - NGS Tester
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data from Original ICM and Restoring Data to New ICM
        • Downloading Data from PCM to ICM
        • ICM Manual Programming with As-Built Data
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic) Replacement Procedure - WDS
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster
        • Gauge Indication Systems
        • Instrument Cluster Replacement
        • Speedometer
        • Odometer
        • Tachometer
        • Fuel Gauge
        • Temperature Gauge
        • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
        • Charging System Indicator
        • Air Bag Warning Indicator
        • Service Engine Soon Indicator
        • High Beam Indicator
        • Turn Indicator
        • Brake Warning Indicator
        • Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator (ABS) (if equipped)
        • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
        • Theft Indicator
        • 4WD Indicator Lamp (if equipped)
        • Speed Control Indicator (if equipped)
        • Door Ajar Indicator
        • Low Fuel Warning Indicator
        • O/D OFF Indicator
        • PRND21 Indicator (automatic transaxle only)
        • Check Fuel Cap
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cluster Lens
        • Removal and Installation
      • Warning Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Selector Lever Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Power Systems
      • Ignition Switch
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Power Systems)
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Ignition Switch
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: No Power In Acc
        • Pinpoint Test 3: No Power In On
        • Pinpoint Test 4: No Power In Start
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative - Key Cannot Be Removed From Ignition Switch (Automatic Transaxle Only)
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative - Key Can Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Transaxle In Gear (Automatic Transaxle Only)
  • Infotainment
    • Entertainment System
      • Audio System
        • Notes
        • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
      • Audio Unit
        • Removal and Installation
        • Modular Audio - Upper Module Removal and Installation
          • Notes
          • Upper Module Removal Note
          • Cover Removal Note
          • Screw Installation Note
        • Modular Audio - Lower Module Removal and Installation
          • Notes
          • Cover Removal Note
          • Screw Installation Note
      • Speakers
      • Antenna
      • Antenna Base
        • Removal and Installation
      • Antenna Upper Cable
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ground Strap
        • Removal and Installation
    • Service Tools (Body & Accessories)
      • Special Tools
    • Troubleshooting (Entertainment)
      • Starting Procedure For Diagnostic On-Board Diagnostic Test Mode
      • Supplier Identification Procedure
        • Notes
        • Identification With Printed Numbers/Label Base Unit
        • Upper/lower Module
        • Identification With On-board Diagnostic Test Mode
      • DTC Clearing Procedure
      • DTC Table
      • DTC 09:Er22 Base Unit (Peripheral Circuit)
        • Base Unit (Peripheral Circuit)
      • DTC 09:Er20 Power Supply Circuit Of Base Unit
        • Power Supply Circuit Of Base Unit
      • DTC 00:Er10 Cassette Deck-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 03:Er10 Cd Player-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 05:Er10 Cd Changer-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 06:Er10 Cd Changer-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 07:Er10 MD Player-Base Unit Communication Line
      • DTC 03:Er01 Cd Player (Upper Module)
      • DTC 03:Er02 Cd Player (Upper Module)
      • DTC 03:Er07 Cd Player (Upper Module)
      • DTC 00:Er01 Cassette Deck (Lower Module)
      • DTC 00:Er03 Cassette Deck (Lower Module)
      • DTC 00:Er04 Cassette Tape
      • DTC 05:Er01 Cd Changer (External Type)
      • DTC 05:Er07 Cd Changer (External Type)
      • DTC 06:Er01 Cd Changer (Upper Module)
      • DTC 06:Er02 Cd Changer (Upper Module)
      • DTC 06:Er07 Cd Changer (Upper Module)
      • DTC 07:Er01 MD Player (Lower Module)
      • DTC 07:Er02 MD Player (Lower Module)
      • DTC 07:Er07 MD Player (Lower Module)
      • Diagnostic Assist Function
        • Structural View Switch Location
        • LCD Inspection
        • Button Inspection
        • Speaker Inspection
        • Radio Reception Condition Inspection
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim
      • Exterior Trim
      • Door Moulding - Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fender Moulding
        • Removal and Installation
      • Door Moulding - Front
        • Removal and Installation
      • Radiator Grille
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rocker Panel Moulding
        • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim
      • Interior Trim
      • Front Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • B-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • C-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headliner
        • Removal and Installation
      • Console - Overhead
      • Console - Floor
      • Floor Console - Low Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Floor Console - High Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Panel
        • Overview
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
        • Removal and Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Lighting System
      • Exterior Lighting
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - PHOTOMETRIC AIMING
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - SCREEN METHOD AIMING
      • Headlamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headlamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Side Lamp/Front Turn Signal Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • License Plate Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Lamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • High Mounted STOPLAMP Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Fog Lamp Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Cargo Lamp
      • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cargo Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Switches
      • Steering Column MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Lighting System)
      • Headlamps
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Headlamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Low Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The High Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 4: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 5: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
      • STOPLAMPS
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Stop Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Chart 1
          • Chart 2
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
      • Turn Signal, Cornering And Hazard Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Turn Signal, Cornering, And Hazard Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
          • Notes
          • Chart 1
          • Chart 2
        • Pinpoint Test 6: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Always On
      • Parking, Rear And License Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Exterior, Parking, Rear, And License Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Exterior Lamp(S) Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Fog Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Fog Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Backup Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Backup Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Backup Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Backup Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Backup Lamps Are On Continuously
      • Trailer Lamps
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Trailer Lamps
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Both Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - RH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - LH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Parking Lamps
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Daytime Running Lamps Are On With The Parking Brake Set
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative - Low Beam Headlamps On At Full Intensity With Key On
      • Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Interior Lighting
          • Battery Saver
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Interior Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Interior Lamps Stay On Continuously - Do Not Fade Out
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Interior Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
          • Notes
          • Table 1
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Transmitter
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Battery Voltage Out Of Range
  • Mirrors
    • Glass/Windows/Mirrors
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Front Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Quarter Window Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Liftgate Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Front Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal
      • Front Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Defrost Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear View Mirrors
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
      • Lead Terminal Repair
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Windows/Mirrors/Roof/Seats)
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Windows
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Front Passenger
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Right Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Principles of Operation
          • Roof Opening Panel
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Roof Opening Panel
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Seat
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
  • Seats
    • Seats
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Side Air Bag
      • Driver Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Passenger Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat Removal And Installation
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat Disassembly And Assembly
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Front Seat Cushion - Driver Seat
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Front Seat Cushion - Passenger Seat
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Seat Track - Driver Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Seat Track - Passenger Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Seat Cushion
        • Disassembly and Assembly
      • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat Removal And Installation
        • Removal
        • Installation
          • Notes
          • All vehicles
      • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat Disassembly And Assembly
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Rear Seat Backrest
        • Disassembly and Assembly
      • Rear Seat Backrest - Split Bench
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Seat Backrest - Bench
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Seat Backrest Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Module
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Windows/Mirrors/Roof/Seats)
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Windows
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Front Passenger
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Right Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Principles of Operation
          • Roof Opening Panel
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Roof Opening Panel
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Seat
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Lighting System
      • Exterior Lighting
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - PHOTOMETRIC AIMING
      • HEADLAMP Adjustment - SCREEN METHOD AIMING
      • Headlamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headlamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Side Lamp/Front Turn Signal Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fog Lamp Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • License Plate Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Lamp Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • High Mounted STOPLAMP Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Fog Lamp Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior Lighting
        • Notes
        • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Cargo Lamp
      • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cargo Lamp
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Switches
      • Steering Column MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Power Systems)
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Ignition Switch
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: No Power In Acc
        • Pinpoint Test 3: No Power In On
        • Pinpoint Test 4: No Power In Start
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative - Key Cannot Be Removed From Ignition Switch (Automatic Transaxle Only)
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative - Key Can Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Transaxle In Gear (Automatic Transaxle Only)
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Glass/Windows/Mirrors
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Front Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Quarter Window Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Liftgate Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Front Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal
      • Front Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Defrost Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear View Mirrors
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
      • Lead Terminal Repair
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Windows/Mirrors/Roof/Seats)
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Windows
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Front Passenger
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Right Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Principles of Operation
          • Roof Opening Panel
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Roof Opening Panel
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Seat
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Washer System And Wiper System]
      • Wipers And Washers
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Rear Window Wiper Washer
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Component Test
          • Windshield Wiper Motor
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Wipers And Washers
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Wipers Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The High - Speed Wipers Do Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Low - Speed Wipers Do Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Intermittent Wiper Mode Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Windshield Washer Pump Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Rear Window Wiper Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Rear Window Wiper Stays On Continuously
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Intermittent Rear Window Wipers Do Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 10: The Rear Window Wiper Does Not Park
        • Pinpoint Test 11: The Rear Window Washer Pump Is Inoperative
    • Technical Data [Body & Accessories)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications - Body Openings
        • General Specifications - Liftgate Glass
        • General Specifications - Wipers
        • General Specifications - Roof Opening Panel
        • Adhesives
    • Washer System & Wiper System
      • Wipers And Washers - Front
      • Wiper Pivot Arm - Front
        • Removal and Installation
      • Wiper Mounting Arm And Pivot Shaft
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Wiper Motor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Wiper/Washer Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Washer Pump And Reservoir
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Washer Pump
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Wiper Blade And Pivot Arm Adjustment
      • Washer Hose Repair
      • Wipers And Washers - Rear
      • Wiper Pivot Arm - Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Wiper Motor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Washer Pump
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Wiper Blade And Pivot Arm Adjustment
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Control System (Anti-Theft System)
      • Communications Network
      • Module Controlled Functions
      • Customer Preference Items
      • Programmable Module Installation
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Programming - NGS
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data from Original GEM and Restoring Data to New GEM
        • Downloading Data from PCM to GEM
        • GEM Manual Programming with As-Built Data
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Programming - WDS
      • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Transceiver
        • Removal and Installation
      • Anti-Theft Security Access - NGS
      • Anti-Theft Security Access - WDS
      • Key Programming Switch State Control - NGS
      • Key Programming Switch State Control - WDS
      • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • To Reprogram Additional Keys With NGS Tester (version 9.0 card)
        • To Program Additional Key With WDS Tester (if only one programmed key is available)
        • What To Do If All Keys Are Lost (using WDS)
        • What To Do If All Keys Are Lost (using NGS Tester ver 9.0)
      • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • To Program Keys Without WDS or NGS Tester
        • To Erase Additional Keys Using Only Two Programmed Keys
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
    • Security System And Locks System
      • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
        • Notes
        • Keyless Entry
      • Hood Latch
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front Door Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Window Latch
        • Removal and Installation
        • Installation
      • Door Latch - Fuel Filler
        • Removal and Installation
      • Door Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Interior Door Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Filler Door Release Handle And Cable
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Front Door Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Rear Door Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Latch Actuator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hood Latch Release Handle
        • Removal and Installation
      • Liftgate Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Remote Transmitter Programming
    • Troubleshooting (Security System And Locks System)
      • Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Power Door Locks
          • Keyless Entry
        • Inspection and Verification
        • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Door Locks/Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
        • Pinpoint Test 3: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From A Single Key Cylinder Switch
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger Doors
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver Door
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
        • Pinpoint Test 8: Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Panic Feature Does Not Operate Correctly - Unlock And Lock Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 10: The Remote Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
      • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Anit-Scan Feature
        • Inspection and Verification
        • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Anti Theft System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Antenna Not Connected
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Vehicle Does Not Start - The Anti-Theft Led Proves Out Normally
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Panels
      • Body
      • Body Sealer Types And Applications
        • Liquid Butyl Sealer
        • Caulking Cord
        • Weather Strip Adhesive
      • Body Misalignment Check
      • Underbody Misalignment Check
      • Bumpers
      • Front Bumper Cover
        • Removal and Installation
      • Front Bumper
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Bumper Cover
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Bumper
        • Removal and Installation
      • Frame Assembly
      • SUBFRAME - Front
        • Removal and Installation
      • SUBFRAME - Rear
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front End Body Panels
      • Cowl Panel Grille
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fender
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fender Splash Shield
        • Removal and Installation
      • Insulation
    • Doors And Liftgate
      • Body Closures
      • Door Alignment - Front Door
      • Door Alignment - Rear Door
      • HINGE Adjustment - FRONT DOOR
        • LH and RH sides
        • LH side
        • RH side
      • HINGE Adjustment - REAR DOOR
      • STRIKER Adjustment
    • Technical Data [Body & Accessories)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications - Body Openings
        • General Specifications - Liftgate Glass
        • General Specifications - Wipers
        • General Specifications - Roof Opening Panel
        • Adhesives
    • Troubleshooting (Body Systems)
      • Body System
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Leaks
          • Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Body
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim
      • Exterior Trim
      • Door Moulding - Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fender Moulding
        • Removal and Installation
      • Door Moulding - Front
        • Removal and Installation
      • Radiator Grille
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rocker Panel Moulding
        • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim
      • Interior Trim
      • Front Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • B-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • C-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headliner
        • Removal and Installation
      • Console - Overhead
      • Console - Floor
      • Floor Console - Low Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Floor Console - High Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Panel
        • Overview
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
        • Removal and Installation
  • Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
    • Body Panels
      • Body
      • Body Sealer Types And Applications
        • Liquid Butyl Sealer
        • Caulking Cord
        • Weather Strip Adhesive
      • Body Misalignment Check
      • Underbody Misalignment Check
      • Bumpers
      • Front Bumper Cover
        • Removal and Installation
      • Front Bumper
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Bumper Cover
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Bumper
        • Removal and Installation
      • Frame Assembly
      • SUBFRAME - Front
        • Removal and Installation
      • SUBFRAME - Rear
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front End Body Panels
      • Cowl Panel Grille
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fender
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fender Splash Shield
        • Removal and Installation
      • Insulation
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Power Systems
      • Ignition Switch
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Power Systems)
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Ignition Switch
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: No Power In Acc
        • Pinpoint Test 3: No Power In On
        • Pinpoint Test 4: No Power In Start
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative - Key Cannot Be Removed From Ignition Switch (Automatic Transaxle Only)
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative - Key Can Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Transaxle In Gear (Automatic Transaxle Only)
  • Mirrors
    • Glass/Windows/Mirrors
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Front Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Quarter Window Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Liftgate Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Front Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal
      • Front Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Defrost Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear View Mirrors
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
      • Lead Terminal Repair
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Windows/Mirrors/Roof/Seats)
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Windows
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Front Passenger
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Right Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Principles of Operation
          • Roof Opening Panel
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Roof Opening Panel
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Seat
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
  • Seats
    • Seats
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Side Air Bag
      • Driver Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Passenger Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat Removal And Installation
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat Disassembly And Assembly
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Front Seat Cushion - Driver Seat
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Front Seat Cushion - Passenger Seat
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Seat Track - Driver Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Seat Track - Passenger Seat
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Seat Cushion
        • Disassembly and Assembly
      • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat Removal And Installation
        • Removal
        • Installation
          • Notes
          • All vehicles
      • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat Disassembly And Assembly
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Rear Seat Backrest
        • Disassembly and Assembly
      • Rear Seat Backrest - Split Bench
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Seat Backrest - Bench
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Seat Backrest Latch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Module
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Windows/Mirrors/Roof/Seats)
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Windows
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Front Passenger
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Right Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Principles of Operation
          • Roof Opening Panel
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Roof Opening Panel
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Seat
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Sunroof System
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Overview
        • Removal and Installation
      • Air Deflector
        • Removal and Installation
      • Roof Opening Panel Shield
        • Removal and Installation
      • Roof Opening Panel Motor
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Roof Opening Panel Frame
        • Removal and Installation
      • Roof Opening Panel Front Drain Hose
        • Removal and Installation
      • Roof Opening Panel Rear Drain Hose
        • Removal and Installation
      • Roof Opening Panel Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Roof Opening Panel Alignment
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Windows/Mirrors/Roof/Seats)
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Windows
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Front Passenger
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Right Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Principles of Operation
          • Roof Opening Panel
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Roof Opening Panel
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Seat
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
    • Technical Data [Body & Accessories)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications - Body Openings
        • General Specifications - Liftgate Glass
        • General Specifications - Wipers
        • General Specifications - Roof Opening Panel
        • Adhesives
  • Windows
    • Glass/Windows/Mirrors
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Front Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Quarter Window Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Liftgate Window Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Front Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal
      • Front Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Window Regulator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Window Defrost Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear View Mirrors
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
      • Lead Terminal Repair
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Windows/Mirrors/Roof/Seats)
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Windows
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Front Passenger
        • Pinpoint Test 4: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Right Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 5: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
      • Roof Opening Panel
        • Principles of Operation
          • Roof Opening Panel
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Roof Opening Panel
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • Seats
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Power Seat
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Antilock Brake System
      • Anti-Lock Control - (4WABS)
      • Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control
        • Removal & Installation
      • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Removal & Installation
      • Sensor - Front
        • Removal & Installation
      • Sensor - Rear
        • Removal & Installation
    • Symptom Troubleshooting (Brakes)
      • Brake System
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
        • Brake Booster - Operation Check
      • Anti-Lock Control
        • Principles Of Operation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
        • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Warning Lamp Indicators
      • Parking Brake
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Vibration When Brakes Are Applied
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Brake Lockup During Light Brake Pedal Force
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Excessive Brake Pedal Effort
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Slow Or Incomplete Brake Pedal Return
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Parking Brake
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Parking Brake Will Not Engage
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Parking Brake Will Not Release
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Abs
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Communication With The Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
        • Pinpoint Test 2: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
        • Pinpoint Test 3: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR) & DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
        • Pinpoint Test 4: DTCS C1233, C1234, C1235 & C1236 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Output Failure
        • Pinpoint Test 5: DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Yellow Abs Light Always On, No DTCS
        • Pinpoint Test 7: DTC B1485 - Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc Brake System & Drum Brake System
      • Description & Operation
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding Sequence
        • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Bench Bleed
          • Master Cylinder In-Vehicle Bleed
        • Brake System Pressure Bleeding
        • Bleeding Abs Hydraulic Control Unit
      • Adjustments
        • Brake Pedal Free Play
        • Brake Pedal Height & Stoplight Switch
        • Master Cylinder Push Rod
        • Rear Brake Shoes
          • Notes
          • Brake Shoe Adjustment (With Drum On)
          • Brake Shoe Adjustment (With Drum Off)
        • Parking Brake Cable
          • Vehicles With Low Series Floor Console
          • Vehicles With High Series Floor Console
      • Component Tests
        • Brake System Leak Check
        • Power Brake Unit
        • Proportioning Valve
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Fluid Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Pedal & Bracket
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation (High Series Console)
          • Removal & Installation (Low Series Console)
        • Front Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Pads
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Cable Front Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Cable Rear Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Warning Indicator Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Brake Unit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pressure Control Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Axle Bearing & Oil Seal
        • Rear Brake Backing Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Brake Drum
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Brake Drum Shoes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Speed Control DEACTIVATOR Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Front Disc Brake Caliper
          • Diassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Drum Brake Specifications
    • General Procedures (Brakes)
      • Brake System
      • Brake Disc RUNOUT Check
      • Brake Disc Machining
    • Service Tools (Brakes)
      • Special Tools
    • Technical Data [Brake System)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Antilock Brake System
      • Anti-Lock Control - (4WABS)
      • Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control
        • Removal & Installation
      • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Removal & Installation
      • Sensor - Front
        • Removal & Installation
      • Sensor - Rear
        • Removal & Installation
    • Symptom Troubleshooting (Brakes)
      • Brake System
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
        • Brake Booster - Operation Check
      • Anti-Lock Control
        • Principles Of Operation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
        • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Warning Lamp Indicators
      • Parking Brake
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Vibration When Brakes Are Applied
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Brake Lockup During Light Brake Pedal Force
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Excessive Brake Pedal Effort
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Slow Or Incomplete Brake Pedal Return
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Parking Brake
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Parking Brake Will Not Engage
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Parking Brake Will Not Release
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Abs
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Communication With The Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
        • Pinpoint Test 2: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
        • Pinpoint Test 3: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR) & DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
        • Pinpoint Test 4: DTCS C1233, C1234, C1235 & C1236 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Output Failure
        • Pinpoint Test 5: DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Yellow Abs Light Always On, No DTCS
        • Pinpoint Test 7: DTC B1485 - Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Drive Shaft
      • Front Drive HALFSHAFTS
      • Rear Drive HALFSHAFTS
        • Notes
        • Halfshaft Handling
      • HALFSHAFT Joint
        • Overview
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • HALFSHAFT - Front
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • HALFSHAFT - Rear
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • HALFSHAFT
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Intermediate Shaft
        • Removal and Installation
    • Service Tools (Driveline/Axle)
      • Special Tools
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Driveline/Axle]
      • Driveline System
        • Overview
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Center Universal Joint (U-Joint) Constant Velocity (CV) Joint and Inspection
          • Driveshaft Center Bearing
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Preliminary Diagnosis
            • Question the Customer
            • Road Test
            • Vehicle Road Test Evaluation Form
            • Analysis of Leakage
            • Axle Vent
            • Flange Yoke Seal
            • Drive Pinion Nut
            • Differential Seals
            • Analysis of Vibration
            • Tires
            • Wheel Hub Flange Bolt Circle Runout
            • Half shafts, Rear Wheel
            • Pilot Runout
            • Wheel Hub Face Runout
        • Component Tests
          • Driveline Vibration
      • Four-Wheel Drive Systems - Electronic Shift
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between Auto And 4X4 On Modes Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test 1 The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between Auto And 4X4 On Modes Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The 4X4 Indicator Is Always On - Four Wheel Drive System Operates Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test 2 The 4X4 Indicator Is Always On - Four Wheel Drive System Operates Correctly
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Differential
      • Axle Assembly
        • Removal and Installation
      • Axle
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
    • Rear Axle
      • Rear Drive Axle And Differential
      • Wheel Bearing - 2WD
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Wheel Bearing - 4WD
        • Removal and Installation
        • Installation
      • Rotary Blade Coupling
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rotary Blade Coupling Disassembly And Assembly
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Differential Housing Cover
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Drive Pinion Seal
        • Removal and Installation
      • Stub Shaft Pilot Bearing Housing And Seal
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Service Tools (Driveline/Axle)
      • Special Tools
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Driveline/Axle]
      • Driveline System
        • Overview
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Center Universal Joint (U-Joint) Constant Velocity (CV) Joint and Inspection
          • Driveshaft Center Bearing
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Preliminary Diagnosis
            • Question the Customer
            • Road Test
            • Vehicle Road Test Evaluation Form
            • Analysis of Leakage
            • Axle Vent
            • Flange Yoke Seal
            • Drive Pinion Nut
            • Differential Seals
            • Analysis of Vibration
            • Tires
            • Wheel Hub Flange Bolt Circle Runout
            • Half shafts, Rear Wheel
            • Pilot Runout
            • Wheel Hub Face Runout
        • Component Tests
          • Driveline Vibration
      • Four-Wheel Drive Systems - Electronic Shift
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between Auto And 4X4 On Modes Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test 1 The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between Auto And 4X4 On Modes Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The 4X4 Indicator Is Always On - Four Wheel Drive System Operates Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test 2 The 4X4 Indicator Is Always On - Four Wheel Drive System Operates Correctly
    • Technical Data [Driveline/Axle)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Lubricant Capacities
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Propeller Shaft
      • Driveshaft
        • Overview
        • Removal and Installation
      • Universal Joints
      • Universal Joint - Center And Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Driveshaft RUNOUT And Balance
      • Driveshaft Indexing
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Driveline/Axle]
      • Driveline System
        • Overview
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Center Universal Joint (U-Joint) Constant Velocity (CV) Joint and Inspection
          • Driveshaft Center Bearing
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Preliminary Diagnosis
            • Question the Customer
            • Road Test
            • Vehicle Road Test Evaluation Form
            • Analysis of Leakage
            • Axle Vent
            • Flange Yoke Seal
            • Drive Pinion Nut
            • Differential Seals
            • Analysis of Vibration
            • Tires
            • Wheel Hub Flange Bolt Circle Runout
            • Half shafts, Rear Wheel
            • Pilot Runout
            • Wheel Hub Face Runout
        • Component Tests
          • Driveline Vibration
      • Four-Wheel Drive Systems - Electronic Shift
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between Auto And 4X4 On Modes Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test 1 The Vehicle Does Not Shift Between Auto And 4X4 On Modes Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The 4X4 Indicator Is Always On - Four Wheel Drive System Operates Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test 2 The 4X4 Indicator Is Always On - Four Wheel Drive System Operates Correctly
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Identifying Connector (C111, C112, C113, C114, C115 & C116)
        • Identifying Connector (C121, C122, C124 & C125)
        • Identifying Connector (C126, C127, C128 & C130)
        • Identifying Connector (C133)
        • Identifying Connector (C134)
        • Identifying Connector (C137, C139, C1140 & C141)
        • Identifying Connector (C142, C143, C150 & C152)
        • Identifying Connector (C155, C160 & C162)
        • Identifying Connector (C167, C169, C171, C172 & C174)
        • Identifying Connector (C175)
        • Identifying Connector (C180, C181, C182, C183, C184 & C185)
        • Identifying Connector (C186, C189, C193, C197a & C197b)
        • Identifying Connector (C199 & C201a)
        • Identifying Connector (C201b & C210)
        • Identifying Connector (C211 & C212)
        • Identifying Connector (C213, C216, C218a & C218b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220a & C220b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220c & C240a)
        • Identifying Connector (C240b & C241)
        • Identifying Connector (C242, C248 & C250)
        • Identifying Connector (C251 & C256)
        • Identifying Connector (C260)
        • Identifying Connector (C263 & C270a)
        • Identifying Connector (C270b & C270c)
        • Identifying Connector (C270d & C270e)
        • Identifying Connector (C270f, C277, C278 & C284)
        • Identifying Connector (C290, C293 & C294a)
        • Identifying Connector (C294b, C294c, C304, C305 & C306)
        • Identifying Connector (C311, C312)
        • Identifying Connector (C313 & C314)
        • Identifying Connector (C315 C316 & C320)
        • Identifying Connector (C321, C323, C329 & C334)
        • Identifying Connector (C335, C337 & C352)
        • Identifying Connector (C353, C354, C359 & C362)
        • Identifying Connector (C363, C364, C365, C367, C377 & C378)
        • Identifying Connector (C382, C389, C392, C402 & C402b)
        • Identifying Connector (C405 & C406)
        • Identifying Connector (C408 & C410)
        • Identifying Connector (C411 & C413)
        • Identifying Connector (C416 & C418)
        • Identifying Connector (C429, C421, C423 & C426)
        • Identifying Connector (C433, C435, C439 & C440)
        • Identifying Connector (C451, C454, C457 & C461)
        • Identifying Connector (C462, C466, C474, C475 & C476)
        • Identifying Connector (C478, C479, C508 & C513)
        • Identifying Connector (C520, C523, C524 & C525)
        • Identifying Connector (C601 & C604)
        • Identifying Connector (C605, C608, C609 & C612)
        • Identifying Connector (C613, C701, C702 & C703)
        • Identifying Connector (C704, C802 & C802)
        • Identifying Connector (C803, C804, C906 & C907)
        • Identifying Connector (C911, C312, C918 & C919)
        • Identifying Connector (C920, C921, C926a, C926b & C931)
        • Identifying Connector (C933, C1007 & C1008)
        • Identifying Connector (C1016 C1017 & C1021)
        • Identifying Connector (C1023, C1035a, C1035b, C1035c & C1041)
        • Identifying Connector (C1043 & C1051)
        • Identifying Connector (C1056 & C1057)
        • Identifying Connector (C1058, C1062, C1064, C1065 & C1066)
        • Identifying Connector (C1068, C1074, C1077, C1083, C1086 & C1088)
        • Identifying Connector (C1097, C1098, C1099 & C1100a)
        • Identifying Connector (C1100b, C1101, C1102, C1103, C1120 & C1121)
        • Identifying Connector (C1122, C1123, C1164, C1180, C1181 & C1182)
        • Identifying Connector (C1183, C1184, C1189, C1195 & C1197)
        • Identifying Connector (C2007 & C2008)
        • Identifying Connector (C2010 & C2017)
        • Identifying Connector (C2027, C2027b & C2031)
        • Identifying Connector (C2003, C2035 & C2039)
        • Identifying Connector (C2041a & C2041b)
        • Identifying Connector (C2050, C2059 & C2065)
        • Identifying Connector (C2066, C2068, C3069 & C2070)
        • Identifying Connector (C2072, C2073, C2074 & C2075)
        • Identifying Connector (C2076, C2077 & C2080)
        • Identifying Connector (C2081, C4009, C4010, C4011 & C4012)
        • Identifying Connector (C4014)
        • Identifying Connector (C40145 & C4042)
    • Service Tools (Body & Accessories)
      • Special Tools
  • Charging Systems
    • Generators & Regulators
      • Description & Operation
        • Charging System
          • Notes
          • Functionality (3.0L Only)
          • Battery Positive Output Circuit (3.0L Only)
          • Ignition Circuit (3.0L Only)
          • "A" Circuit (3.0L Only)
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Drain Tests
        • Battery Electronic Drains Which Shut Off When The Battery Cable Is Disconnected
        • Battery Load Test
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No Load Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running (3.0L)
        • Test B: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running (2.0L)
        • Test C: Charging System Overcharges Battery - Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 Volts (3.0L)
        • Test D: Charging System Overcharges Battery - Battery Voltage Greater Than 15.5 Volts (2.0L)
        • Test E: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running & The Battery Increases Voltage (3.0L)
        • Test F: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running & The System Increases Voltage (2.0L)
        • Test G: Charging System Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition Switch In Run Position With Engine Off (3.0L)
        • Test H: Charging System Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition Switch In Run Position With Engine Off (2.0L)
        • Test I: Charging System Warning Indicator Flickers (3.0L)
        • Test J: Charging System Warning Indicator Flickers (2.0L)
        • Test K: Generator Is Noisy
        • Test L: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Disconnect
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
      • Battery
        • Battery Specifications
          • Service Specifications
          • Torque Specifications
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
        • 2004
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Engine Compartment Fuse Block
      • Instrument Panel Fuse Block
  • Gauges
    • Instrumentation/Driver Info
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Warning Devices
        • Safety Belt Warning Chime
        • Headlamp On Warning Chime
        • Key In Ignition Warning
        • Air Bag Warning Chime
        • Trip/Odometer Reset Tone
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster and Dimmable Backlighting
        • Non-Dimmable Backlighting
      • Instrument Cluster Module (ICM) Programming - NGS Tester
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data from Original ICM and Restoring Data to New ICM
        • Downloading Data from PCM to ICM
        • ICM Manual Programming with As-Built Data
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic) Replacement Procedure - WDS
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster
        • Gauge Indication Systems
        • Instrument Cluster Replacement
        • Speedometer
        • Odometer
        • Tachometer
        • Fuel Gauge
        • Temperature Gauge
        • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
        • Charging System Indicator
        • Air Bag Warning Indicator
        • Service Engine Soon Indicator
        • High Beam Indicator
        • Turn Indicator
        • Brake Warning Indicator
        • Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator (ABS) (if equipped)
        • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
        • Theft Indicator
        • 4WD Indicator Lamp (if equipped)
        • Speed Control Indicator (if equipped)
        • Door Ajar Indicator
        • Low Fuel Warning Indicator
        • O/D OFF Indicator
        • PRND21 Indicator (automatic transaxle only)
        • Check Fuel Cap
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cluster Lens
        • Removal and Installation
      • Warning Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Selector Lever Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim
      • Interior Trim
      • Front Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Door Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • B-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • C-Pillar Trim Panel
        • Removal and Installation
      • Headliner
        • Removal and Installation
      • Console - Overhead
      • Console - Floor
      • Floor Console - Low Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Floor Console - High Series
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Panel
        • Overview
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
        • Removal and Installation
    • Troubleshooting (Instrumentation/Driver Information)
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 10: The Theft Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 11: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
        • Pinpoint Test 12: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 13: The Anti-Lock Brake Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 14: The Air Bag Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 15: The LH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 16: The RH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 17: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 18: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 19: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
        • Pinpoint Test 20: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
        • Pinpoint Test 21: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 22: The Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 23: The Transaxle Range Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 24: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On - If Equipped
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Illumination
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Climate Control Panel Illumination Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Rear Defrost Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The 4 Wheel Drive Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Hazard Switch Illumination Source Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Front Fog Lamp Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Chimes
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Horn
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Horn Does Not Sound
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Horn Sounds Continuously
  • Horns
    • Instrumentation/Driver Info
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Warning Devices
        • Safety Belt Warning Chime
        • Headlamp On Warning Chime
        • Key In Ignition Warning
        • Air Bag Warning Chime
        • Trip/Odometer Reset Tone
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster and Dimmable Backlighting
        • Non-Dimmable Backlighting
      • Instrument Cluster Module (ICM) Programming - NGS Tester
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data from Original ICM and Restoring Data to New ICM
        • Downloading Data from PCM to ICM
        • ICM Manual Programming with As-Built Data
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic) Replacement Procedure - WDS
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster
        • Gauge Indication Systems
        • Instrument Cluster Replacement
        • Speedometer
        • Odometer
        • Tachometer
        • Fuel Gauge
        • Temperature Gauge
        • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
        • Charging System Indicator
        • Air Bag Warning Indicator
        • Service Engine Soon Indicator
        • High Beam Indicator
        • Turn Indicator
        • Brake Warning Indicator
        • Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator (ABS) (if equipped)
        • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
        • Theft Indicator
        • 4WD Indicator Lamp (if equipped)
        • Speed Control Indicator (if equipped)
        • Door Ajar Indicator
        • Low Fuel Warning Indicator
        • O/D OFF Indicator
        • PRND21 Indicator (automatic transaxle only)
        • Check Fuel Cap
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cluster Lens
        • Removal and Installation
      • Warning Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Instrument Cluster Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Selector Lever Indicator Bulb
        • Removal and Installation
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Identifying Connector (C111, C112, C113, C114, C115 & C116)
        • Identifying Connector (C121, C122, C124 & C125)
        • Identifying Connector (C126, C127, C128 & C130)
        • Identifying Connector (C133)
        • Identifying Connector (C134)
        • Identifying Connector (C137, C139, C1140 & C141)
        • Identifying Connector (C142, C143, C150 & C152)
        • Identifying Connector (C155, C160 & C162)
        • Identifying Connector (C167, C169, C171, C172 & C174)
        • Identifying Connector (C175)
        • Identifying Connector (C180, C181, C182, C183, C184 & C185)
        • Identifying Connector (C186, C189, C193, C197a & C197b)
        • Identifying Connector (C199 & C201a)
        • Identifying Connector (C201b & C210)
        • Identifying Connector (C211 & C212)
        • Identifying Connector (C213, C216, C218a & C218b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220a & C220b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220c & C240a)
        • Identifying Connector (C240b & C241)
        • Identifying Connector (C242, C248 & C250)
        • Identifying Connector (C251 & C256)
        • Identifying Connector (C260)
        • Identifying Connector (C263 & C270a)
        • Identifying Connector (C270b & C270c)
        • Identifying Connector (C270d & C270e)
        • Identifying Connector (C270f, C277, C278 & C284)
        • Identifying Connector (C290, C293 & C294a)
        • Identifying Connector (C294b, C294c, C304, C305 & C306)
        • Identifying Connector (C311, C312)
        • Identifying Connector (C313 & C314)
        • Identifying Connector (C315 C316 & C320)
        • Identifying Connector (C321, C323, C329 & C334)
        • Identifying Connector (C335, C337 & C352)
        • Identifying Connector (C353, C354, C359 & C362)
        • Identifying Connector (C363, C364, C365, C367, C377 & C378)
        • Identifying Connector (C382, C389, C392, C402 & C402b)
        • Identifying Connector (C405 & C406)
        • Identifying Connector (C408 & C410)
        • Identifying Connector (C411 & C413)
        • Identifying Connector (C416 & C418)
        • Identifying Connector (C429, C421, C423 & C426)
        • Identifying Connector (C433, C435, C439 & C440)
        • Identifying Connector (C451, C454, C457 & C461)
        • Identifying Connector (C462, C466, C474, C475 & C476)
        • Identifying Connector (C478, C479, C508 & C513)
        • Identifying Connector (C520, C523, C524 & C525)
        • Identifying Connector (C601 & C604)
        • Identifying Connector (C605, C608, C609 & C612)
        • Identifying Connector (C613, C701, C702 & C703)
        • Identifying Connector (C704, C802 & C802)
        • Identifying Connector (C803, C804, C906 & C907)
        • Identifying Connector (C911, C312, C918 & C919)
        • Identifying Connector (C920, C921, C926a, C926b & C931)
        • Identifying Connector (C933, C1007 & C1008)
        • Identifying Connector (C1016 C1017 & C1021)
        • Identifying Connector (C1023, C1035a, C1035b, C1035c & C1041)
        • Identifying Connector (C1043 & C1051)
        • Identifying Connector (C1056 & C1057)
        • Identifying Connector (C1058, C1062, C1064, C1065 & C1066)
        • Identifying Connector (C1068, C1074, C1077, C1083, C1086 & C1088)
        • Identifying Connector (C1097, C1098, C1099 & C1100a)
        • Identifying Connector (C1100b, C1101, C1102, C1103, C1120 & C1121)
        • Identifying Connector (C1122, C1123, C1164, C1180, C1181 & C1182)
        • Identifying Connector (C1183, C1184, C1189, C1195 & C1197)
        • Identifying Connector (C2007 & C2008)
        • Identifying Connector (C2010 & C2017)
        • Identifying Connector (C2027, C2027b & C2031)
        • Identifying Connector (C2003, C2035 & C2039)
        • Identifying Connector (C2041a & C2041b)
        • Identifying Connector (C2050, C2059 & C2065)
        • Identifying Connector (C2066, C2068, C3069 & C2070)
        • Identifying Connector (C2072, C2073, C2074 & C2075)
        • Identifying Connector (C2076, C2077 & C2080)
        • Identifying Connector (C2081, C4009, C4010, C4011 & C4012)
        • Identifying Connector (C4014)
        • Identifying Connector (C40145 & C4042)
    • Service Tools (Body & Accessories)
      • Special Tools
  • Starter
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Identifying Connector (C111, C112, C113, C114, C115 & C116)
        • Identifying Connector (C121, C122, C124 & C125)
        • Identifying Connector (C126, C127, C128 & C130)
        • Identifying Connector (C133)
        • Identifying Connector (C134)
        • Identifying Connector (C137, C139, C1140 & C141)
        • Identifying Connector (C142, C143, C150 & C152)
        • Identifying Connector (C155, C160 & C162)
        • Identifying Connector (C167, C169, C171, C172 & C174)
        • Identifying Connector (C175)
        • Identifying Connector (C180, C181, C182, C183, C184 & C185)
        • Identifying Connector (C186, C189, C193, C197a & C197b)
        • Identifying Connector (C199 & C201a)
        • Identifying Connector (C201b & C210)
        • Identifying Connector (C211 & C212)
        • Identifying Connector (C213, C216, C218a & C218b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220a & C220b)
        • Identifying Connector (C220c & C240a)
        • Identifying Connector (C240b & C241)
        • Identifying Connector (C242, C248 & C250)
        • Identifying Connector (C251 & C256)
        • Identifying Connector (C260)
        • Identifying Connector (C263 & C270a)
        • Identifying Connector (C270b & C270c)
        • Identifying Connector (C270d & C270e)
        • Identifying Connector (C270f, C277, C278 & C284)
        • Identifying Connector (C290, C293 & C294a)
        • Identifying Connector (C294b, C294c, C304, C305 & C306)
        • Identifying Connector (C311, C312)
        • Identifying Connector (C313 & C314)
        • Identifying Connector (C315 C316 & C320)
        • Identifying Connector (C321, C323, C329 & C334)
        • Identifying Connector (C335, C337 & C352)
        • Identifying Connector (C353, C354, C359 & C362)
        • Identifying Connector (C363, C364, C365, C367, C377 & C378)
        • Identifying Connector (C382, C389, C392, C402 & C402b)
        • Identifying Connector (C405 & C406)
        • Identifying Connector (C408 & C410)
        • Identifying Connector (C411 & C413)
        • Identifying Connector (C416 & C418)
        • Identifying Connector (C429, C421, C423 & C426)
        • Identifying Connector (C433, C435, C439 & C440)
        • Identifying Connector (C451, C454, C457 & C461)
        • Identifying Connector (C462, C466, C474, C475 & C476)
        • Identifying Connector (C478, C479, C508 & C513)
        • Identifying Connector (C520, C523, C524 & C525)
        • Identifying Connector (C601 & C604)
        • Identifying Connector (C605, C608, C609 & C612)
        • Identifying Connector (C613, C701, C702 & C703)
        • Identifying Connector (C704, C802 & C802)
        • Identifying Connector (C803, C804, C906 & C907)
        • Identifying Connector (C911, C312, C918 & C919)
        • Identifying Connector (C920, C921, C926a, C926b & C931)
        • Identifying Connector (C933, C1007 & C1008)
        • Identifying Connector (C1016 C1017 & C1021)
        • Identifying Connector (C1023, C1035a, C1035b, C1035c & C1041)
        • Identifying Connector (C1043 & C1051)
        • Identifying Connector (C1056 & C1057)
        • Identifying Connector (C1058, C1062, C1064, C1065 & C1066)
        • Identifying Connector (C1068, C1074, C1077, C1083, C1086 & C1088)
        • Identifying Connector (C1097, C1098, C1099 & C1100a)
        • Identifying Connector (C1100b, C1101, C1102, C1103, C1120 & C1121)
        • Identifying Connector (C1122, C1123, C1164, C1180, C1181 & C1182)
        • Identifying Connector (C1183, C1184, C1189, C1195 & C1197)
        • Identifying Connector (C2007 & C2008)
        • Identifying Connector (C2010 & C2017)
        • Identifying Connector (C2027, C2027b & C2031)
        • Identifying Connector (C2003, C2035 & C2039)
        • Identifying Connector (C2041a & C2041b)
        • Identifying Connector (C2050, C2059 & C2065)
        • Identifying Connector (C2066, C2068, C3069 & C2070)
        • Identifying Connector (C2072, C2073, C2074 & C2075)
        • Identifying Connector (C2076, C2077 & C2080)
        • Identifying Connector (C2081, C4009, C4010, C4011 & C4012)
        • Identifying Connector (C4014)
        • Identifying Connector (C40145 & C4042)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Engine Mechanical 3.0L DURATEC
      • Flywheel
        • Removal & Installation
      • Engine
        • Notes
        • Upper Engine Components
        • Lower Engine Components
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
        • Installation
      • Accessory Drive
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
        • 3.0L (4V) with A/C
        • Water Pump Drive Belt - 3.0L (4V) with Tensioner
        • Water Pump Drive Belt - 3.0L (4V) without Tensioner
      • Accessory Drive Belt - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Water Pump Belt - 3.0L DURATEC (4V) With TENSIONER
        • Removal and Installation
      • Water Pump Belt - 3.0L DURATEC (4V) Without TENSIONER
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Accessory Drive Belt TENSIONER - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Belt TENSIONER - Water Pump, 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Valve Cover - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Valve Cover - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Crankshaft Pulley
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Engine Front Cover
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Timing Drive Components
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Camshafts - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Camshafts - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Roller Followers
        • Removal and Installation
      • Valve Spring
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hydraulic Lash Adjusters
        • Removal and Installation
      • Valve Seals
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Cylinder Head - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Cylinder Head - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Engine Support Insulators - Front, RH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Piston
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Roller Follower - Inspection
      • Sprockets
      • Cylinder Head
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • FLEXPLATE
        • Removal and Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Adjustments
        • Drive Belt
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Drive Belt Routing (2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (3.0L)
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Cooling System Specifications
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission System
      • Engine Emission Control
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) system
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Manifold To Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve Tube - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Manifold To Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve Tube - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System - Sensor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Valve - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Valve - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Crankcase Ventilation Tube - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Crankcase Vent Oil Separator - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Canister
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Check Valve
        • Removal and Installation
      • Dust Separator
        • Removal and Installation
  • Cooling Fan
    • Cooling System [3.0L DURATEC]
      • Engine Cooling
        • Overview
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Pressure Test
          • Cap
          • Thermostat - Water
          • Thermostat - Electrical Test
          • Thermostat - Mechanical Test
          • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
      • Cooling System Inspection
      • Cooling System Draining, Filling And Bleeding
        • Draining
        • Filling - bleeding
      • Cooling System Flushing
      • Degas Bottle/Low Coolant Level Sensor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Radiator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Bypass Tube - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Thermostat - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Water Pump - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cooling Fan
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cylinder Block - Core Plug Replacement
        • Notes
        • Cup-Type
        • Expansion-Type
      • Block Heater
        • Removal and Installation
    • Electric Cooling Fans
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Location
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Self-Diagnostics
      • Troubleshooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Component Tests
        • Cooling Fan Motor
        • Cooling Fan Relay
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Cooling Fan Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor - 2.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
        • 2004
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System [3.0L DURATEC]
      • Engine Cooling
        • Overview
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Pressure Test
          • Cap
          • Thermostat - Water
          • Thermostat - Electrical Test
          • Thermostat - Mechanical Test
          • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
      • Cooling System Inspection
      • Cooling System Draining, Filling And Bleeding
        • Draining
        • Filling - bleeding
      • Cooling System Flushing
      • Degas Bottle/Low Coolant Level Sensor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Radiator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Bypass Tube - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Thermostat - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Water Pump - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cooling Fan
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cylinder Block - Core Plug Replacement
        • Notes
        • Cup-Type
        • Expansion-Type
      • Block Heater
        • Removal and Installation
    • Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Adjustments
        • Drive Belt
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Drive Belt Routing (2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (3.0L)
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Cooling System Specifications
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Exhaust
    • Exhaust System - 3.0L DURATEC
      • Exhaust System
        • Notes
        • Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC)
          • Notes
          • Precautions
        • Sound Insulators and Shields
      • Muffler And Tailpipe
      • Resonator - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Flexible Pipe - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Catalytic Converter - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Manifold - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Exhaust Manifold - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • General Procedures [Drivetrain & Exhaust Alignment]
      • Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
      • Exhaust System Neutralizing
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel System
      • Fuel System
      • Fuel Charging And Controls
      • Fuel Tank And Lines
      • Fuel System Pressure Test Procedure
        • Notes
        • Fuel Leakage Inspection
        • Fuel Delivery System
        • Fuel Line Pressure/Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator Inspection
      • Fuel System Pressure Release - 2.0L ZETEC
      • Fuel System Pressure Release - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
      • Fuel Pressure Gauge Service Procedure - 2.0L ZETEC
      • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Quick Release Coupling - Push Connect
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Quick Release Coupling - R-Clip
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Vapor Tube Fittings
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Fuel Tank Draining
      • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (Ifs) Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Filter
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Support Straps
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pump Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Injectors
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pulse Damper
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
        • Removal and Installation
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Lubrication System
    • Engine Mechanical [Lubrication System 3.0L DURATEC)
      • Oil Level Indicator And Tube
        • Removal and Installation
      • Oil Pressure Sender
        • Removal and Installation
      • Oil Cooler
        • Removal and Installation
      • Oil Pan
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Oil Pump Screen And Pickup Tube
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Oil Pan Baffle
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Oil Pump
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Mechanical
    • Engine Mechanical - General - Engine Overhaul
      • Accessory Drive
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Component Tests
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamic
      • Valve - Spring Free Length
      • Valve - Spring Strength
      • Valve - Spring Squareness
      • Valve - Inspection
      • Valve - Stem Diameter
      • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
      • Valve - Seat Inspection
        • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
      • Valve - Seat Width
      • Valve - Seat RUNOUT
      • Valve - Spring Installed Length
      • Valve - Stem To Valve Guide Clearance
      • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
      • Connecting Rod - Twist
      • Connecting Rod - Bend
      • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
      • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
      • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
      • Piston - Inspection
      • Piston - Selection
      • Piston - Diameter
      • Piston - To Cylinder Bore Clearance
      • Piston - Ring End Gap
      • Piston - Ring-To-Groove Clearance
      • Piston - Pin Diameter
      • Piston - Pin To Bore Diameter
      • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
      • Camshaft - Lobe Lift
      • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
      • Camshaft - RUNOUT
      • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, PLASTIGAGE Method
      • Camshaft - End Play, OHC Engines
      • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out Of Round
      • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
      • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
      • Crankshaft - RUNOUT
      • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
      • Crankshaft - End Play
      • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
      • Cylinder Bore - Out-Of-Round
      • Cylinder Bore - Taper
    • Engine Mechanical [Intake-Air System 3.0L)
      • Intake Air Distribution And Filtering
      • Upper Intake Manifold
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Lower Intake Manifold
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Air Cleaner
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Air Cleaner Outlet Pipe
        • Removal and Installation
      • Air Cleaner Intake Pipe
        • Removal and Installation
      • Intake Air Resonator
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Throttle Body
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Accelerator Pedal And Shaft
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Accelerator Cable
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
    • Engine Mechanical 3.0L DURATEC
      • Flywheel
        • Removal & Installation
      • Engine
        • Notes
        • Upper Engine Components
        • Lower Engine Components
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
        • Installation
      • Accessory Drive
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
        • 3.0L (4V) with A/C
        • Water Pump Drive Belt - 3.0L (4V) with Tensioner
        • Water Pump Drive Belt - 3.0L (4V) without Tensioner
      • Accessory Drive Belt - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Water Pump Belt - 3.0L DURATEC (4V) With TENSIONER
        • Removal and Installation
      • Water Pump Belt - 3.0L DURATEC (4V) Without TENSIONER
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Accessory Drive Belt TENSIONER - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Belt TENSIONER - Water Pump, 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Valve Cover - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Valve Cover - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Crankshaft Pulley
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Engine Front Cover
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Timing Drive Components
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Camshafts - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Camshafts - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Roller Followers
        • Removal and Installation
      • Valve Spring
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hydraulic Lash Adjusters
        • Removal and Installation
      • Valve Seals
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Cylinder Head - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Cylinder Head - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Engine Support Insulators - Front, RH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Piston
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Roller Follower - Inspection
      • Sprockets
      • Cylinder Head
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • FLEXPLATE
        • Removal and Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • General Procedures [Drivetrain & Exhaust Alignment]
      • Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
      • Exhaust System Neutralizing
    • Service Tools (Engine Mechanical)
      • Special Tools
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Starter
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
• Engine Performance
  • Adjustment
    • Technical Data [Transmission)
      • Specifications
        • Automatic Transaxle
          • Fluid Specification
          • Fluid Capacity
          • Reference: Pressure Chart No. 401
          • Reference: Clutch/Band Application Chart No. 601
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear
          • Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Forward/Coast Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Direct Clutch Pack Clearance (4 Friction Plates)
          • Pump Gear End Clearance
          • Pump Assembly Rotating Torque
          • Low/Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Intermediate and Overdrive Servo
          • Intermediate/Overdrive Servo Apply Rod
          • Reverse/Overdrive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Final Drive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Gear Ratios
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Pressure Plate
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Disc
          • General Specifications
        • Manual Transaxle
          • General Specifications
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - MAZDA
      • EGR Function Testing - MAZDA
        • Test 1
          • Piston Engines (W/Single Or Dual EGR Valves)
          • Modulator Valve
          • Vacuum Amplifier
        • Test 2
          • Rotary Engine
          • EGR Solenoid Valve
        • Test 3
          • MX-3 DOHC, MX-6 2.5L, 626 2.5L & 929
          • MX-6 2.0L & 626 2.0L
          • RX7
        • Test 4
          • System Check
          • EGR Valve
        • Test 5
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel System
      • Fuel System
      • Fuel Charging And Controls
      • Fuel Tank And Lines
      • Fuel System Pressure Test Procedure
        • Notes
        • Fuel Leakage Inspection
        • Fuel Delivery System
        • Fuel Line Pressure/Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator Inspection
      • Fuel System Pressure Release - 2.0L ZETEC
      • Fuel System Pressure Release - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
      • Fuel Pressure Gauge Service Procedure - 2.0L ZETEC
      • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Quick Release Coupling - Push Connect
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Quick Release Coupling - R-Clip
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Vapor Tube Fittings
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Fuel Tank Draining
      • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (Ifs) Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Filter
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Support Straps
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pump Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Injectors
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pulse Damper
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
        • Removal and Installation
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Ignition System
    • Ignition System
      • Engine Ignition
        • Notes
        • Ignition Coil Pack - 2.0L Zetec
        • Ignition coils - 3.0L (4V)
        • Spark Plugs
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
      • Ignition Component Specifications
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
          • Resistance Specifications
          • Tribute (3.0L)
        • Firing Order
          • 2.0L Zetec
          • 3.0L Duratec (4V)
          • Illustrations
        • Ignition Wire Routing
      • Spark Plug - Inspection
      • Spark Plug Specifications
        • Spark Plugs
          • All Specifications
      • Ignition Coil
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug - LH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug - RH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spark Plug Wires
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spark Plugs - 2.0L
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spark Plugs - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
  • Mode 6 - 1999-2023 MAZDA
    • Introduction
    • B-Series Pickup
      • 1999
      • 2000-2010
    • CX-3
      • 2016-22
    • CX-30
      • 2020-23
    • CX-5
      • 2013
      • 2014-16
      • 2017-23
    • CX-7
      • 2007
      • 2008-09
      • 2010-12
    • CX-9
      • 2007-10
      • 2011-13
      • 2014
      • 2015
      • 2016-23
    • MIATA
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002-2003
      • 2004-2005
      • 2006
      • 2007-08
      • 2009
      • 2010-12
      • 2013
      • 2014
      • 2015
      • 2016-23
    • MILLENIA
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002
    • MPV
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002-2004
      • 2005-2006
    • Protege
      • 2000
      • 2001-2002
      • 2003
    • RX-8
      • 2004
      • 2005
      • 2006-2009
      • 2010-11
    • Tribute
      • 2001-2006
    • MAZDA2
      • 2011-12
      • 2013
      • 2014
      • 2017-18
    • MAZDA3
      • 2004-2005
      • 2006-2009
      • 2010-12
      • 2013
      • 2014-18
      • 2019-23
    • MAZDA5
      • 2006-2007
      • 2008-09
      • 2010
      • 2012
      • 2013
      • 2014-17
    • MAZDA6
      • 2003-2004
      • 2005
      • 2006
      • 2007
      • 2008-09
      • 2010-12
      • 2013
      • 2014-17
      • 2018-21
    • 626
      • 1999
      • 2000
      • 2001
      • 2002
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Emission System
      • Engine Emission Control
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) system
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Manifold To Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve Tube - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Manifold To Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve Tube - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System - Sensor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Valve - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Valve - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Crankcase Ventilation Tube - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Crankcase Vent Oil Separator - 2.0L
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Canister
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Removal and Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Check Valve
        • Removal and Installation
      • Dust Separator
        • Removal and Installation
    • Fuel System
      • Fuel System
      • Fuel Charging And Controls
      • Fuel Tank And Lines
      • Fuel System Pressure Test Procedure
        • Notes
        • Fuel Leakage Inspection
        • Fuel Delivery System
        • Fuel Line Pressure/Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator Inspection
      • Fuel System Pressure Release - 2.0L ZETEC
      • Fuel System Pressure Release - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
      • Fuel Pressure Gauge Service Procedure - 2.0L ZETEC
      • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Quick Release Coupling - Push Connect
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Quick Release Coupling - R-Clip
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Vapor Tube Fittings
        • Disconnect
        • Connect
      • Fuel Tank Draining
      • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (Ifs) Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Filter
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank Support Straps
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Tank
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pump Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Injectors
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pulse Damper
        • Removal and Installation
      • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
        • Removal and Installation
    • Ignition System
      • Engine Ignition
        • Notes
        • Ignition Coil Pack - 2.0L Zetec
        • Ignition coils - 3.0L (4V)
        • Spark Plugs
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
      • Ignition Component Specifications
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
          • Resistance Specifications
          • Tribute (3.0L)
        • Firing Order
          • 2.0L Zetec
          • 3.0L Duratec (4V)
          • Illustrations
        • Ignition Wire Routing
      • Spark Plug - Inspection
      • Spark Plug Specifications
        • Spark Plugs
          • All Specifications
      • Ignition Coil
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug - LH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug - RH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spark Plug Wires
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spark Plugs - 2.0L
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spark Plugs - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • Rotary Engine
        • 6 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 2.3L, 2.5L (VIN D & 1), 3.0L (VIN 2 & 3) V6 Engines
          • All Others (Including Tribute) Except 2.3L, 2.5L (VIN D & 1), 3.0L (VIN 2 & 3)
  • System
    • Engine Control System
      • PID/Data Monitor Item Table
      • PID/DATA MONITOR REFERENCE VALUE (2.0l M/T)
        • 2.0L 4V (Man)
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Generic OBD II PID Values
      • PID/Data Monitor Reference Value (3.0L A/T)
        • 3.0L 4V (Auto)
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Generic OBD II PID Values
      • Freeze Frame Data Table
      • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Inspection
        • Notes
        • Using SST (104 Pin Breakout Box)
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming - NGS Tester
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data From Original Pcm & Restoring Data To New Or Different Pcm.
        • Key Programming After Pcm Replacement
        • Pcm Manual Programming With As-Built Data
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming - WDS
        • Notes
        • Procedure 1
        • Procedure 2
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Removal & Installation
      • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Coolant Temperature (Etc) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal and Installation
      • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), LH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), RH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Catalyst Monitor Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Catalyst Monitor Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), LH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Catalyst Monitor Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), RH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Knock Sensor (KS) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Charging Wiring Harness (2.0L)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Charging Wiring Harness (3.0L)
        • Removal & Installation
    • Symptom Troubleshooting (Engine/Fuel Control)
      • Foreword
      • Engine OBD II Monitors
        • Notes
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Federal Test Procedure
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Vapor Management Flow System Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Running Loss System Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Monitor
        • Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EEC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications To OBD II Vehicles
        • Powertrain Control Software
          • Multiplexing
          • Standard Corporate Protocol
          • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
          • Idle Air Trim
          • Fuel Trim
          • Failure Mode Effects Management
          • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Powertrain Control Hardware
          • Generic Electronic Module
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory (RAM)
          • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy (HLOS)
          • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power & Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Power
          • Vehicle REFERENCE Voltage
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Pins
        • Fuel Systems
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Systems
          • Overview
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
        • Evaporative Emissions System Outline
          • Overview
        • Intake Air Systems
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
          • Overview
        • Catalyst & Exhaust Systems
          • Overview
        • Communication Error
        • Vehicle Check/Preparation
          • Visual Checks
          • Vehicle Preparation
        • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
          • Notes
          • Re-Creating The Fault
          • Accumulating PCM Data
          • Analyzing Data From Playback Of Stored PIDs
          • Comparing PCM Data
          • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results
        • On-Board System Readiness
          • Description
        • Freeze Frame Data
          • Description
        • Output Test Mode
          • Description
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Reset
          • Description
          • Resetting Keep Alive Random Access Memory (RAM)
      • On-Board Diagnostic Tests - NGS Tester
        • On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Test Description
          • Notes
          • System Pass
          • Key ON, Engine OFF (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Key ON Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Parameter Identification (PID) Access
          • Brake On/Off Test
          • Transmission Control (O/D OFF) Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Test
          • On-Board Diagnostic Test - New Generation Star (NGS) Tester Hook-Up Procedure
          • Retrieving DTCs Procedure
          • Retrieve/Clear Continuous DTC Self-Test Procedure
          • Key ON Engine OFF Self-Test Procedure
          • Key ON Engine Running Self-Test Procedure
          • After Repair Procedure
          • PID/DATA Monitor & Record Procedure
          • Playback Of Stored PIDs Procedure
          • Output Test Mode Procedure
      • On-Board Diagnostic Tests - WDS
        • On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Test Description
          • Notes
          • System Pass
          • Key ON, Engine OFF (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Key ON Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Parameter Identification (PID) Access
          • Brake On/Off Test
          • Transmission Control (O/D OFF) Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Test
        • On-Board Diagnostic Test
          • DTCs Reading Procedure
          • Pending Trouble Code Access Procedure
          • Freeze Frame PID Data Access Procedure
          • On-Board System Readiness Tests Access Procedure
          • PID/DATA Monitor & Record Procedure
          • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results Access Procedure
          • After Repair Procedure [KL]
      • Drive Cycle
        • Description Of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
        • Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
          • Fuel Or Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
          • EVAP Running Loss System Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
          • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Numbers
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Application Chart
      • Pcm Quick Test
      • DTC P0100, P0102, P0103, P1100, P1101, P1102, P1103, P1793: Mass Air Flow (MAF/IAT) Sensor
      • DTC P0110, P0111, P0112, P0113, P0115, P0117, P0118, P0125, P0128, P0298, P1110, P1112, P1113, P1116, P1117, P1285, P1288, P1289, P1290, P1299, P1798: IAT & ECT /CHT Sensors
      • DTC P0120, P0121, P0122, P0123, P0510, P1120, P1121, P1122, P1123, P1124, P1125, P1126, P1771, P1772, P1791: TP Sensor Circuit Malfunction
      • P0031, P0130, P0131, P0150, P0151: Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
      • DTC P0038, P0044, P0132, P0133, P0138, P0144, P0152, P0153, P0154: Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
      • DTC P0032, P0051, P0052, P0057, P0058, P0134, P0135, P0141, P0155, P0161, P1135, P1136, P1141, P1142, P1153, P1154, P1169, P1170: Ho2S Heater Circuit
      • DTC P0037, P0043, P0136, P0140, P0142, P0146, P0147, P0156, P0157, P0158, P0160, P1133, P1134, P1137, P1138, P1143, P1144, P1157, P1158, P2270, P02271, P2272, P2273: Ho2S
      • DTC P0170, P0171, P0173, P0174: Adaptive Fuel Control
      • DTC P0172, P0175: Adaptive Fuel Control
      • DTC P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206: Fuel Injector Malfunction
      • DTC P0230, P0231, P0232, P1645: Fuel Pump (FP) Primary Or Secondary Circuit
      • DTC P0300, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, P0305, P0306, P0315, P0316: Misfire Detection Monitor
      • DTC P0320, P0335, P0336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0325, P0326, P0327, P0328, P0330: Knock Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0340, P0341, P1336, P1345, P1382, P1387: Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP) Malfunction
      • DTC P0350, P1364: Ignition Coil Primary Circuit Malfunction
      • DTC P0651, P0352, P0353, P0354, P0355, P0356: Integrated Ignition Coil 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Or 6 Failure
      • DTC P0400, P0401, P0404, P0408: EGR System Malfunction
      • DTC P0402: EGR System Malfunction
      • DTC P0420, P0421, P0430, P0431: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Malfunction
      • DTC P0442, P0456: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Monitor And System Malfunction
      • DTC P0440, P0441, P0443, P0444, P0445, P0446: EVAP Canister Purge Solenoid Malfunction
      • DTC P0451, P0461: EVAP System Malfunction
      • DTC P0450, P0452: Fuel Tank Pressure (Ftp) Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0453: Fuel Tank Pressure (Ftp) Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0455, P1439,P1443, P1446, P1449, P1455, P14556, P1457: EVAP System Malfunction
      • DTC P0457: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Malfunction
      • DTC P0505, P0506, P0507, P1251, P1504, P1505, P1507, P1508, P1509, P1510, P1511, P1525, P1526, P1527, P1528, P1540, P1652: IAC Valve Assembly Malfunction
      • DTC P0605, P0606, P0614, P1562, P1600, P1601, P1602, P1603, P1604, P1605, P1608, P1609, P1621, P1622, P1623, P1633, P1639: Pcm Malfunction
      • DTC P0571, P0703, P1572, P1703: Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch Malfunction
      • DTC P0704, P1708, P1709, P1797: Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch Malfunction
      • DTC P1000: OBD II Drive Cycle Malfunction
      • DTC P1001: Data Link Connector Malfunction
      • DTC P1127: Ho2S Heater(S)
      • DTC 1128: Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Signals
      • DTC 1130, P1150, P1173: Fuel System Not Switching At Fuel Trim (Rich Or Lean)
      • DTC P1131, P1151, P2195, P2196, P1697, P2198: Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Not Switching
      • DTC P1132, P1152: Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Not Switching
      • DTC P0622, P1246, P1630, P1631, P1634: Generator/Regulator System Malfunction
      • DTC P1260: Anti-Theft System
      • DTC P1270: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • DTC P1309: Misfire Detection Monitor Disabled
      • DTC P1400, P1401, P1402, P1407, P1485, P1486, P1487, P1496, P1497, P1498, P1499: DPFEGR Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0405, P0406, P1405, P1406: DPFEGR Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0403, P1409, P1412: EGR Vacuum Regulator (EGRVR) Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
      • DTC P1450: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Monitor & System
      • DTC P1451: Canister Vent (CV) Solenoid Malfunction
      • DTC P0645, P1460: A/C Clutch Relay (ACCR) Malfunction
      • DTC P1464, P1465: A/C Control Signal (ACCS) Malfunction
      • DTC P1461, P1462, P1463: A/C Pressure Sensor (ACP) Malfunction
      • DTC P0481, P1473-P1477, P1479, P1480, P1481: Cooling Fan Malfunction
      • DTC P1506: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Malfunction
      • DTC 0551, P0552, P0553, P1650, P1651: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Malfunction
      • DTC P1780: TCS Or TCIL Circuit Malfunction
      • Diagnostic Index
      • Starting Concerns
      • Hard Start/Long Crank/Erratic Start/Erratic Crank
      • Cranks Normal But Will Not Start
      • Unique Idle Concern
      • Fast Idle
      • Low Idle/Stalls During Deceleration
      • Engine Poor DRIVEABILITY
      • Backfires
      • Lack/Loss Of Power
      • Knocking/Pinging
      • Poor Fuel Economy
      • Emission Compliance
      • Mil/TCIL Never On & Mil/TCIL Always On
      • Exhaust System Concerns
      • Fuel Odor In Engine Compartment
      • Engine Noise
      • Exhaust Sulfur Smell
      • All Supported On Board System Readiness Tests Not Completed
      • Fuel Pump Always On
      • Engine Inspection
      • Engine
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Engine Oil Leaks
          • Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
        • Compression Test
          • General Remarks
          • Check The Compression Pressure
          • Interpretation Of The Results
        • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
        • Oil Consumption Test
        • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
          • Notes
          • Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
      • Evaporative Emission System
        • Evaporative Emission System
          • Duratec Engine
          • Zetec Engine
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Fuel Filler Cap
          • Fuel Vapor Recirculation Tube (Duratec Engine Only)
          • Fuel Vapor Control Valve (Duratec Engine Only)
          • Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
          • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Check Valve
          • Dust Separator
          • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister
          • Fuel Vapor Vent Valve (FVV) Assembly
          • Fuel Filler Pipe Check Valve
          • Evaporative Emission System Monitor
          • EVAP Running Loss System Leak Test
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Evaporative Emission System Leak Test
      • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
      • Acceleration Control
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Charging System
        • Notes
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Notes
          • Functionality (Duratec Engine Only)
          • Battery Positive Output Circuit (B+) 36 (Y/W)
          • I Circuit (LG/R)
          • A Circuit (B/Y)
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Notes
          • Generator On-Vehicle Tests
          • Generator On-Vehicle Tests - Load Test
          • Generator On-Vehicle Tests - No Load Test
      • Battery
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Starting System
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
          • Starter Motor - Ground Circuit Test
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Drive Belts
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine Cooling System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Loss Of Coolant
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Engine Overheats
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Engine Cooling Fan(S) Inoperative/Incorrect Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Block Heater Does Not Operate Correctly
      • 2.0L ZETEC Fan Diagnosis Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Loss Of Power
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Fueling
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Hiss When Opening Fuel Cap
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Unable To Refuel (ORVR)
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Accelerator
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Charging System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running (The System Voltage Does Not Increase)
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running (The System Voltage Does Not Increase) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The System Overcharges (Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 Volts)
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The System Overcharges (Battery Voltage Greater Than 15.5 Volts) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running & The Battery Increases Voltage
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running The System Increases Voltage - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Off With The Ignition Switch In The Run Position & The Engine Off
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Off With The Ignition Switch In The Run Position And The Engine Is Off - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 10: The Charging System Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent
        • Pinpoint Test 11: The Charging System Warning Indicator Lamp Flickers Or Is Intermittent - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 12: The Generator Is Noisy
        • Pinpoint Test 13: Radio Interference
        • Pinpoint Test 14: Battery Condition Test
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Starting System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Engine Does Not Crank Or The Relay Clicks
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Unusual Starter Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Cruise Control
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Speed Control Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Set Speed Fluctuates
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Brakes Are Applied
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Clutch Is Applied
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Coast
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Set/ACCL
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Resume
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Off
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On
      • Powertrain Control Module Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Link
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Unable To Enter Self - Test
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Symptom Troubleshooting
      • General Test Index
      • Test 1: Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
      • Test 2: Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil)
      • Test 3: Intermittent
      • Test 4: Fuel Delivery System
      • Test 5: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
      • Test 6: Pcm Power Relay
      • Test 7: Fuel Pressure Regulator
      • Test 8: Fuel Pump Inspection
      • Test 9: Fuel Line/Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
      • Test 10: Fuel Injector Inspection
      • Test 11: EGR Valve
      • Test 12: EGR Vacuum Regulator (EGRVR) Solenoid Inspection
      • Test 13: Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor
      • Test 14: No Start
      • Test 15: Ignition Scope Test
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Control System
      • PID/Data Monitor Item Table
      • PID/DATA MONITOR REFERENCE VALUE (2.0l M/T)
        • 2.0L 4V (Man)
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Generic OBD II PID Values
      • PID/Data Monitor Reference Value (3.0L A/T)
        • 3.0L 4V (Auto)
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Generic OBD II PID Values
      • Freeze Frame Data Table
      • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Inspection
        • Notes
        • Using SST (104 Pin Breakout Box)
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming - NGS Tester
        • Notes
        • Retrieving Data From Original Pcm & Restoring Data To New Or Different Pcm.
        • Key Programming After Pcm Replacement
        • Pcm Manual Programming With As-Built Data
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming - WDS
        • Notes
        • Procedure 1
        • Procedure 2
      • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Removal & Installation
      • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Coolant Temperature (Etc) Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal and Installation
      • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), LH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), RH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Catalyst Monitor Sensor - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Catalyst Monitor Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), LH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Catalyst Monitor Sensor - 3.0L DURATEC (4V), RH
        • Removal & Installation
      • Knock Sensor (KS) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal & Installation
      • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Charging Wiring Harness (2.0L)
        • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Charging Wiring Harness (3.0L)
        • Removal & Installation
    • Symptom Troubleshooting (Engine/Fuel Control)
      • Foreword
      • Engine OBD II Monitors
        • Notes
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Federal Test Procedure
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Vapor Management Flow System Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Running Loss System Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Monitor
        • Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EEC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications To OBD II Vehicles
        • Powertrain Control Software
          • Multiplexing
          • Standard Corporate Protocol
          • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
          • Idle Air Trim
          • Fuel Trim
          • Failure Mode Effects Management
          • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Powertrain Control Hardware
          • Generic Electronic Module
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory (RAM)
          • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy (HLOS)
          • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power & Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Power
          • Vehicle REFERENCE Voltage
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Pins
        • Fuel Systems
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Systems
          • Overview
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
        • Evaporative Emissions System Outline
          • Overview
        • Intake Air Systems
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
          • Overview
        • Catalyst & Exhaust Systems
          • Overview
        • Communication Error
        • Vehicle Check/Preparation
          • Visual Checks
          • Vehicle Preparation
        • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
          • Notes
          • Re-Creating The Fault
          • Accumulating PCM Data
          • Analyzing Data From Playback Of Stored PIDs
          • Comparing PCM Data
          • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results
        • On-Board System Readiness
          • Description
        • Freeze Frame Data
          • Description
        • Output Test Mode
          • Description
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Reset
          • Description
          • Resetting Keep Alive Random Access Memory (RAM)
      • On-Board Diagnostic Tests - NGS Tester
        • On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Test Description
          • Notes
          • System Pass
          • Key ON, Engine OFF (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Key ON Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Parameter Identification (PID) Access
          • Brake On/Off Test
          • Transmission Control (O/D OFF) Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Test
          • On-Board Diagnostic Test - New Generation Star (NGS) Tester Hook-Up Procedure
          • Retrieving DTCs Procedure
          • Retrieve/Clear Continuous DTC Self-Test Procedure
          • Key ON Engine OFF Self-Test Procedure
          • Key ON Engine Running Self-Test Procedure
          • After Repair Procedure
          • PID/DATA Monitor & Record Procedure
          • Playback Of Stored PIDs Procedure
          • Output Test Mode Procedure
      • On-Board Diagnostic Tests - WDS
        • On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Test Description
          • Notes
          • System Pass
          • Key ON, Engine OFF (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Key ON Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Parameter Identification (PID) Access
          • Brake On/Off Test
          • Transmission Control (O/D OFF) Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Test
        • On-Board Diagnostic Test
          • DTCs Reading Procedure
          • Pending Trouble Code Access Procedure
          • Freeze Frame PID Data Access Procedure
          • On-Board System Readiness Tests Access Procedure
          • PID/DATA Monitor & Record Procedure
          • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results Access Procedure
          • After Repair Procedure [KL]
      • Drive Cycle
        • Description Of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
        • Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
          • Fuel Or Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
          • EVAP Running Loss System Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
          • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle:
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Numbers
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Application Chart
      • Pcm Quick Test
      • DTC P0100, P0102, P0103, P1100, P1101, P1102, P1103, P1793: Mass Air Flow (MAF/IAT) Sensor
      • DTC P0110, P0111, P0112, P0113, P0115, P0117, P0118, P0125, P0128, P0298, P1110, P1112, P1113, P1116, P1117, P1285, P1288, P1289, P1290, P1299, P1798: IAT & ECT /CHT Sensors
      • DTC P0120, P0121, P0122, P0123, P0510, P1120, P1121, P1122, P1123, P1124, P1125, P1126, P1771, P1772, P1791: TP Sensor Circuit Malfunction
      • P0031, P0130, P0131, P0150, P0151: Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
      • DTC P0038, P0044, P0132, P0133, P0138, P0144, P0152, P0153, P0154: Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
      • DTC P0032, P0051, P0052, P0057, P0058, P0134, P0135, P0141, P0155, P0161, P1135, P1136, P1141, P1142, P1153, P1154, P1169, P1170: Ho2S Heater Circuit
      • DTC P0037, P0043, P0136, P0140, P0142, P0146, P0147, P0156, P0157, P0158, P0160, P1133, P1134, P1137, P1138, P1143, P1144, P1157, P1158, P2270, P02271, P2272, P2273: Ho2S
      • DTC P0170, P0171, P0173, P0174: Adaptive Fuel Control
      • DTC P0172, P0175: Adaptive Fuel Control
      • DTC P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206: Fuel Injector Malfunction
      • DTC P0230, P0231, P0232, P1645: Fuel Pump (FP) Primary Or Secondary Circuit
      • DTC P0300, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, P0305, P0306, P0315, P0316: Misfire Detection Monitor
      • DTC P0320, P0335, P0336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0325, P0326, P0327, P0328, P0330: Knock Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0340, P0341, P1336, P1345, P1382, P1387: Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP) Malfunction
      • DTC P0350, P1364: Ignition Coil Primary Circuit Malfunction
      • DTC P0651, P0352, P0353, P0354, P0355, P0356: Integrated Ignition Coil 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Or 6 Failure
      • DTC P0400, P0401, P0404, P0408: EGR System Malfunction
      • DTC P0402: EGR System Malfunction
      • DTC P0420, P0421, P0430, P0431: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Malfunction
      • DTC P0442, P0456: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Monitor And System Malfunction
      • DTC P0440, P0441, P0443, P0444, P0445, P0446: EVAP Canister Purge Solenoid Malfunction
      • DTC P0451, P0461: EVAP System Malfunction
      • DTC P0450, P0452: Fuel Tank Pressure (Ftp) Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0453: Fuel Tank Pressure (Ftp) Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0455, P1439,P1443, P1446, P1449, P1455, P14556, P1457: EVAP System Malfunction
      • DTC P0457: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Malfunction
      • DTC P0505, P0506, P0507, P1251, P1504, P1505, P1507, P1508, P1509, P1510, P1511, P1525, P1526, P1527, P1528, P1540, P1652: IAC Valve Assembly Malfunction
      • DTC P0605, P0606, P0614, P1562, P1600, P1601, P1602, P1603, P1604, P1605, P1608, P1609, P1621, P1622, P1623, P1633, P1639: Pcm Malfunction
      • DTC P0571, P0703, P1572, P1703: Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch Malfunction
      • DTC P0704, P1708, P1709, P1797: Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch Malfunction
      • DTC P1000: OBD II Drive Cycle Malfunction
      • DTC P1001: Data Link Connector Malfunction
      • DTC P1127: Ho2S Heater(S)
      • DTC 1128: Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Signals
      • DTC 1130, P1150, P1173: Fuel System Not Switching At Fuel Trim (Rich Or Lean)
      • DTC P1131, P1151, P2195, P2196, P1697, P2198: Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Not Switching
      • DTC P1132, P1152: Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Not Switching
      • DTC P0622, P1246, P1630, P1631, P1634: Generator/Regulator System Malfunction
      • DTC P1260: Anti-Theft System
      • DTC P1270: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • DTC P1309: Misfire Detection Monitor Disabled
      • DTC P1400, P1401, P1402, P1407, P1485, P1486, P1487, P1496, P1497, P1498, P1499: DPFEGR Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0405, P0406, P1405, P1406: DPFEGR Sensor Malfunction
      • DTC P0403, P1409, P1412: EGR Vacuum Regulator (EGRVR) Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
      • DTC P1450: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Monitor & System
      • DTC P1451: Canister Vent (CV) Solenoid Malfunction
      • DTC P0645, P1460: A/C Clutch Relay (ACCR) Malfunction
      • DTC P1464, P1465: A/C Control Signal (ACCS) Malfunction
      • DTC P1461, P1462, P1463: A/C Pressure Sensor (ACP) Malfunction
      • DTC P0481, P1473-P1477, P1479, P1480, P1481: Cooling Fan Malfunction
      • DTC P1506: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Malfunction
      • DTC 0551, P0552, P0553, P1650, P1651: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Malfunction
      • DTC P1780: TCS Or TCIL Circuit Malfunction
      • Diagnostic Index
      • Starting Concerns
      • Hard Start/Long Crank/Erratic Start/Erratic Crank
      • Cranks Normal But Will Not Start
      • Unique Idle Concern
      • Fast Idle
      • Low Idle/Stalls During Deceleration
      • Engine Poor DRIVEABILITY
      • Backfires
      • Lack/Loss Of Power
      • Knocking/Pinging
      • Poor Fuel Economy
      • Emission Compliance
      • Mil/TCIL Never On & Mil/TCIL Always On
      • Exhaust System Concerns
      • Fuel Odor In Engine Compartment
      • Engine Noise
      • Exhaust Sulfur Smell
      • All Supported On Board System Readiness Tests Not Completed
      • Fuel Pump Always On
      • Engine Inspection
      • Engine
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Engine Oil Leaks
          • Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
        • Compression Test
          • General Remarks
          • Check The Compression Pressure
          • Interpretation Of The Results
        • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
        • Oil Consumption Test
        • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
          • Notes
          • Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
      • Evaporative Emission System
        • Evaporative Emission System
          • Duratec Engine
          • Zetec Engine
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Fuel Filler Cap
          • Fuel Vapor Recirculation Tube (Duratec Engine Only)
          • Fuel Vapor Control Valve (Duratec Engine Only)
          • Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
          • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Check Valve
          • Dust Separator
          • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister
          • Fuel Vapor Vent Valve (FVV) Assembly
          • Fuel Filler Pipe Check Valve
          • Evaporative Emission System Monitor
          • EVAP Running Loss System Leak Test
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Evaporative Emission System Leak Test
      • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
      • Acceleration Control
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Charging System
        • Notes
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Notes
          • Functionality (Duratec Engine Only)
          • Battery Positive Output Circuit (B+) 36 (Y/W)
          • I Circuit (LG/R)
          • A Circuit (B/Y)
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Notes
          • Generator On-Vehicle Tests
          • Generator On-Vehicle Tests - Load Test
          • Generator On-Vehicle Tests - No Load Test
      • Battery
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Starting System
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Component Tests
          • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
          • Starter Motor - Ground Circuit Test
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Drive Belts
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine Cooling System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Loss Of Coolant
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Engine Overheats
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Engine Cooling Fan(S) Inoperative/Incorrect Operation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Block Heater Does Not Operate Correctly
      • 2.0L ZETEC Fan Diagnosis Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Loss Of Power
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Fueling
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Hiss When Opening Fuel Cap
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Unable To Refuel (ORVR)
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Accelerator
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Charging System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running (The System Voltage Does Not Increase)
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running (The System Voltage Does Not Increase) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The System Overcharges (Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 Volts)
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The System Overcharges (Battery Voltage Greater Than 15.5 Volts) - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running & The Battery Increases Voltage
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Charging System Warning Indicator Is On With The Engine Running The System Increases Voltage - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Off With The Ignition Switch In The Run Position & The Engine Off
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Off With The Ignition Switch In The Run Position And The Engine Is Off - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 10: The Charging System Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent
        • Pinpoint Test 11: The Charging System Warning Indicator Lamp Flickers Or Is Intermittent - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Pinpoint Test 12: The Generator Is Noisy
        • Pinpoint Test 13: Radio Interference
        • Pinpoint Test 14: Battery Condition Test
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Starting System
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Engine Does Not Crank Or The Relay Clicks
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Unusual Starter Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Cruise Control
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Speed Control Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Set Speed Fluctuates
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Brakes Are Applied
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Clutch Is Applied
        • Pinpoint Test 5: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Coast
        • Pinpoint Test 6: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Set/ACCL
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Resume
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative - Off
        • Pinpoint Test 9: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On
      • Powertrain Control Module Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
      • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Link
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Unable To Enter Self - Test
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Symptom Troubleshooting
      • General Test Index
      • Test 1: Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
      • Test 2: Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil)
      • Test 3: Intermittent
      • Test 4: Fuel Delivery System
      • Test 5: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
      • Test 6: Pcm Power Relay
      • Test 7: Fuel Pressure Regulator
      • Test 8: Fuel Pump Inspection
      • Test 9: Fuel Line/Fuel Pressure Hold Inspection
      • Test 10: Fuel Injector Inspection
      • Test 11: EGR Valve
      • Test 12: EGR Vacuum Regulator (EGRVR) Solenoid Inspection
      • Test 13: Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor
      • Test 14: No Start
      • Test 15: Ignition Scope Test
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
  • Tune-Up
    • Ignition System
      • Engine Ignition
        • Notes
        • Ignition Coil Pack - 2.0L Zetec
        • Ignition coils - 3.0L (4V)
        • Spark Plugs
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
      • Ignition Component Specifications
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
          • Resistance Specifications
          • Tribute (3.0L)
        • Firing Order
          • 2.0L Zetec
          • 3.0L Duratec (4V)
          • Illustrations
        • Ignition Wire Routing
      • Spark Plug - Inspection
      • Spark Plug Specifications
        • Spark Plugs
          • All Specifications
      • Ignition Coil
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug - LH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug - RH
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spark Plug Wires
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spark Plugs - 2.0L
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spark Plugs - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
    • Technical Data [Engine Mechanical)
      • Specifications
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • General Information
      • How To Use This Repair Information
        • Range Of Topics
        • Service Procedure
          • Inspection, Adjustment
          • Repair Procedure
        • Symbols
        • Advisory Messages
        • Specification
        • Upper & Lower Limits
        • Troubleshooting Procedure
          • Basic Flow Of Troubleshooting
          • On-Board Diagnosis
          • Engine Tune-Up
          • Basic Inspection
          • Diagnostic Index
          • Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Procedures For Use
          • Using The Basic Inspection
          • Using The Diagnosis Index
          • Using The Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Text Sequence
      • Unit
        • Notes
        • Conversion To Si Units (SYSTEME International D'Unites)
        • Rounding Off
        • Upper & Lower Limits
      • Fundamental Procedures
        • Protection Of The Vehicle
        • Preparation Of Tools & Measuring Equipment
        • Special Tools
        • Disconnection Of The Negative Battery Cable
        • Removal Of Parts
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection During Removal, Disassembly
        • Arrangement Of Parts
        • Cleaning Of Parts
        • Reassembly
        • Adjustments
        • Rubber Parts & Tubing
        • Hose Clamps
        • Vise
        • Torque Formulas
        • Dynamometer
      • Electrical System
        • Electrical Parts
          • Battery Cable
        • Connectors
          • Data Link Connector
        • Disconnecting Connectors
        • Locking Connector
        • Inspection
        • Terminals
          • Inspection
        • Replacement
        • Sensors, Switches, & Relays
        • Wiring Harness
          • Wiring Color Codes
        • Fuse
          • Replacement
        • Electric Troubleshooting Tools
          • Jumper Wire
        • Voltmeter
        • Ohmmeter
      • Jacking
        • Notes
        • Jacking Points - Front
        • Jacking Points - Rear
      • Lifting
        • Lifting Points
      • Towing
        • Notes
        • Front Towing
        • Rear Towing
        • Towing Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles
        • Towing Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles
      • Sae Standards
      • Abbreviations
      • Pre-Delivery Inspection
        • Service Pre-Delivery Inspection Sheet
      • Scheduled Maintenance
        • Maintenance & Care
          • Notes
          • Schedule 1
          • Schedule 2
      • Identification Codes
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number
          • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
          • Brakes System, GVWR, Restraint Type Code
          • Line & Series Code
          • Engine Code
          • Check Digit
          • Model Year Code
          • Assembly Plant Code
          • Build Sequence
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
    • General Information
      • How To Use This Repair Information
        • Range Of Topics
        • Service Procedure
          • Inspection, Adjustment
          • Repair Procedure
        • Symbols
        • Advisory Messages
        • Specification
        • Upper & Lower Limits
        • Troubleshooting Procedure
          • Basic Flow Of Troubleshooting
          • On-Board Diagnosis
          • Engine Tune-Up
          • Basic Inspection
          • Diagnostic Index
          • Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Procedures For Use
          • Using The Basic Inspection
          • Using The Diagnosis Index
          • Using The Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Text Sequence
      • Unit
        • Notes
        • Conversion To Si Units (SYSTEME International D'Unites)
        • Rounding Off
        • Upper & Lower Limits
      • Fundamental Procedures
        • Protection Of The Vehicle
        • Preparation Of Tools & Measuring Equipment
        • Special Tools
        • Disconnection Of The Negative Battery Cable
        • Removal Of Parts
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection During Removal, Disassembly
        • Arrangement Of Parts
        • Cleaning Of Parts
        • Reassembly
        • Adjustments
        • Rubber Parts & Tubing
        • Hose Clamps
        • Vise
        • Torque Formulas
        • Dynamometer
      • Electrical System
        • Electrical Parts
          • Battery Cable
        • Connectors
          • Data Link Connector
        • Disconnecting Connectors
        • Locking Connector
        • Inspection
        • Terminals
          • Inspection
        • Replacement
        • Sensors, Switches, & Relays
        • Wiring Harness
          • Wiring Color Codes
        • Fuse
          • Replacement
        • Electric Troubleshooting Tools
          • Jumper Wire
        • Voltmeter
        • Ohmmeter
      • Jacking
        • Notes
        • Jacking Points - Front
        • Jacking Points - Rear
      • Lifting
        • Lifting Points
      • Towing
        • Notes
        • Front Towing
        • Rear Towing
        • Towing Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles
        • Towing Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles
      • Sae Standards
      • Abbreviations
      • Pre-Delivery Inspection
        • Service Pre-Delivery Inspection Sheet
      • Scheduled Maintenance
        • Maintenance & Care
          • Notes
          • Schedule 1
          • Schedule 2
      • Identification Codes
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number
          • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
          • Brakes System, GVWR, Restraint Type Code
          • Line & Series Code
          • Engine Code
          • Check Digit
          • Model Year Code
          • Assembly Plant Code
          • Build Sequence
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • General Procedures (Brakes)
      • Brake System
      • Brake Disc RUNOUT Check
      • Brake Disc Machining
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Drive Cycles
      • Notes
      • 1996: 626, MX-6
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • 1996: B2300, B3000, B4000
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • 1996: MILLENIA, MPV, MX-5 MIATA, Protege & 1997: 626 (2.0L M/T, 2.5L), MX-6 (2.0L M/T, 2.5L), MILLENIA, MPV, MX-5 MIATA, Protege & 1998: MILLENIA, MPV, Protege & 1999-2000: MILLENIA, MX-5 MIATA
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 1
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 2
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 3
          • Drive Cycle-Mode 4
      • 1997: 626 (2.0L A/T), MX-6 (2.0L A/T)
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
      • 1997: B2300, B4000
        • Preparation
        • Drive Mode
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Fuel Monitor, Oxygen Sensor Monitor or Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 1998: 626, B2500, B3000, B4000
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • Vehicle Preparation For OBD-II Or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • EVAP Running Loss System Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Fuel Monitor Or HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Secondary Air Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • 1999-2000: 626
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • Verification Drive Cycle
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • 1999: B2500, B3000, B4000
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Preparation For Drive Cycles
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
        • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • EVAP System Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • HO2S Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Misfire Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
          • Catalyst Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • 1999: Protege
        • OBDII Drive Mode
          • Notes
          • Mode 1 (PCM adaptive memory produce drive mode)
          • Mode 2 (EGR system repair verification drive mode)
          • Mode 3 HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC repair verification drive mode)
          • Mode 4 (EVAP system repair verification drive mode)
      • 2000: B2500, B3000, B4000
        • Description Of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
        • Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD II Drive Cycle
      • 2000: MPV
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory)
        • Mode 2 (EGR Verification)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S/TWC Verification)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP Verification)
      • 2000: Protege
        • Notes
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory)
        • Mode 2 (EGR Verification)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S/TWC Verification)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP Verification)
      • 2001-02: 626
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Standard Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2001: B2300, B2500, B3000, B4000, Tribute
        • Notes
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedures
      • 2001: MILLENIA
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2001: MPV
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2001: MX-5 MIATA
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2001: Protege
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Drive Mode
        • EGR Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S/TWC Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP Monitor Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2002-09: B2300, B3000, B4000 & 2002-06: Tribute
        • OBD-II Drive Cycle
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • 2002: MILLENIA
        • Notes
        • Mode 1: PCM Adaptive Memory Procedure
        • Mode 2: EGR System Repair Verification
        • Mode 3: HO2S & TWC Repair Verification
        • Mode 4: EVAP System Repair Verification
      • 2002-03: MPV
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode
        • Mode 2 - EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 3 - HO2S Heater, HO2S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 6 - EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2002-03: MX-5 MIATA
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode
        • Mode 2 - EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 3 - HO2S Heater, HO2S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • Mode 4 - EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2002-03: Protege, Protege5
        • OBD-II Drive Mode Description
        • Drive Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory
        • Drive Mode 2 - EGR Monitor Repair Verification
        • Drive Mode 3 - HO2S, HO2S Heater & TWC Repair Verification
        • Drive Mode 4 - EVAP System Repair Verification
        • Drive Mode 5 - EVAP System Very Small Leak Repair Verification
      • 2003: MAZDA6
        • OBD-II Drive Modes
          • Notes
          • Mode 1 - PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode
          • Mode 2 - EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
          • Mode 3 - HO2S Heater, HO2S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
          • Mode 4 - EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2004-06: MAZDA3 & 2006: MAZDA5 & 2007-09: MAZDA3 (W/O Turbo)
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
          • Notes
          • Mazda3: Except for California emission regulation applicable model & Mazda5
          • Mazda3: California emission regulation applicable model
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2004-05: MAZDA6
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (Pcm Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3: 2004 (H02S Heater, H02S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode) (3.0L Cal: AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T) Only)
        • Mode 3: 2004 (H02S Heater, H02S & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode) (2.3L & 3.0L Cal: Except For AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T)): 2005 All Engines
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (Pcm Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System, H02S Heater, H02S, TWC & EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode) (3.0L Cal: AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T) Only)
        • Single Drive Mode (Pcm Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System, H02S Heater, H02S, TWC & EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode) (2.3L & 3.0L Cal: Except For AJ57EM060AJV5010 (M/T), AJ58EM060AJVN010 (A/T))
      • 2004: MPV
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System Repair Verification, HO2S heater, HO2S TWC, and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2004: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (Pcm Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (Ho2S Heater, Ho2S, & TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (Pcm Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System Repair Verification, Ho2S Heater, Ho2S, TWC, & EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2004: RX-8
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2005-06: MPV
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode) With rear HO2S model
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
          • With rear HO2S model
        • H02S Heater, H02S, and EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode Without rear HO2S model
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
          • With rear HO2S model
        • Single Drive Mode (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System Repair verification, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
          • With rear HO2S model
      • 2005: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 1 (PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode)
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 4 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System Repair Verification, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2005-08: RX-8
        • Notes
        • Mode 3 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 5 (AIR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode (HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, AIR System and EVAP System Verification Drive Mode)
      • 2006-08: MAZDA6
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
          • Notes
          • 4 Cylinder W/O Turbo California emission regulation applicable ATX model & V6
          • 4 Cylinder W/O Turbo Except California emission regulation applicable ATX model & 4 Cylinder W/Turbo
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/O Turbo & V6)
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/Turbo)
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/O Turbo)
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode (4 Cylinder W/Turbo)
        • Single Drive Mode (PCM Adaptive Memory Produce, EGR System, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode) (V6)
      • 2006-08: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S Heater, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007-09: MAZDA3 (W/Turbo)
        • Notes
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production Drive Mode
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007-08: CX-7
        • Notes
        • EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
        • PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR, HO2S heater, HO2S, TWC, and EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode
      • 2007-10: CX-9
      • 2008-09: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • Mode 02 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 03 (HO2S heater, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2008-09: Tribute
        • Description of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
        • Vehicle Preparation
        • OBD II Drive Cycle
      • 2009-10: MAZDA6 (4 Cylinder)
        • Notes
        • Mode 02 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 03 (A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2009-10: MAZDA6 (V6)
      • 2009: CX-7
        • Notes
        • Mode 2 (EGR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 03 (A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2009: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2009-11: RX-8
        • Notes
        • Mode 3 (A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 5 (AIR System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 6 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-13: MAZDA3 (W/Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR system, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-12: CX-7 (W/Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-12: CX-7 (W/O Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-13: MX-5 MIATA
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (PCM Adaptive Memory Production, EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S, and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2010-11: Tribute
        • Description
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • 2011-13: CX-9
      • 2010-13: MAZDA3 (W/O Turbo)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2012-13: MAZDA5
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F sensor heater, HO2S heater, A/F sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2011-13: MAZDA6 (4 Cylinder)
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2011-13: MAZDA6 (V6)
      • 2012-13: MAZDA2
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (EGR System, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
      • 2013: CX-5
        • Notes
        • Mode 03 (Variable Valve Timing, A/F Sensor Heater, HO2S Heater, A/F Sensor, HO2S and TWC Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Mode 06 (EVAP System Repair Verification Drive Mode)
        • Single Drive Mode
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brake DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission DTCS
    • Communication Device DTCS
    • Engine Performance DTCS
    • Instrument Panel DTCS
    • Interior/Exterior Lighting DTCS
    • Security & Lock DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Mechanical - General - Engine Overhaul
      • Accessory Drive
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Component Tests
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamic
      • Valve - Spring Free Length
      • Valve - Spring Strength
      • Valve - Spring Squareness
      • Valve - Inspection
      • Valve - Stem Diameter
      • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
      • Valve - Seat Inspection
        • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
      • Valve - Seat Width
      • Valve - Seat RUNOUT
      • Valve - Spring Installed Length
      • Valve - Stem To Valve Guide Clearance
      • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
      • Connecting Rod - Twist
      • Connecting Rod - Bend
      • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
      • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
      • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
      • Piston - Inspection
      • Piston - Selection
      • Piston - Diameter
      • Piston - To Cylinder Bore Clearance
      • Piston - Ring End Gap
      • Piston - Ring-To-Groove Clearance
      • Piston - Pin Diameter
      • Piston - Pin To Bore Diameter
      • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
      • Camshaft - Lobe Lift
      • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
      • Camshaft - RUNOUT
      • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, PLASTIGAGE Method
      • Camshaft - End Play, OHC Engines
      • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out Of Round
      • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
      • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
      • Crankshaft - RUNOUT
      • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
      • Crankshaft - End Play
      • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
      • Cylinder Bore - Out-Of-Round
      • Cylinder Bore - Taper
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Hoist/Jack
    • General Information
      • How To Use This Repair Information
        • Range Of Topics
        • Service Procedure
          • Inspection, Adjustment
          • Repair Procedure
        • Symbols
        • Advisory Messages
        • Specification
        • Upper & Lower Limits
        • Troubleshooting Procedure
          • Basic Flow Of Troubleshooting
          • On-Board Diagnosis
          • Engine Tune-Up
          • Basic Inspection
          • Diagnostic Index
          • Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Procedures For Use
          • Using The Basic Inspection
          • Using The Diagnosis Index
          • Using The Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Text Sequence
      • Unit
        • Notes
        • Conversion To Si Units (SYSTEME International D'Unites)
        • Rounding Off
        • Upper & Lower Limits
      • Fundamental Procedures
        • Protection Of The Vehicle
        • Preparation Of Tools & Measuring Equipment
        • Special Tools
        • Disconnection Of The Negative Battery Cable
        • Removal Of Parts
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection During Removal, Disassembly
        • Arrangement Of Parts
        • Cleaning Of Parts
        • Reassembly
        • Adjustments
        • Rubber Parts & Tubing
        • Hose Clamps
        • Vise
        • Torque Formulas
        • Dynamometer
      • Electrical System
        • Electrical Parts
          • Battery Cable
        • Connectors
          • Data Link Connector
        • Disconnecting Connectors
        • Locking Connector
        • Inspection
        • Terminals
          • Inspection
        • Replacement
        • Sensors, Switches, & Relays
        • Wiring Harness
          • Wiring Color Codes
        • Fuse
          • Replacement
        • Electric Troubleshooting Tools
          • Jumper Wire
        • Voltmeter
        • Ohmmeter
      • Jacking
        • Notes
        • Jacking Points - Front
        • Jacking Points - Rear
      • Lifting
        • Lifting Points
      • Towing
        • Notes
        • Front Towing
        • Rear Towing
        • Towing Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles
        • Towing Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles
      • Sae Standards
      • Abbreviations
      • Pre-Delivery Inspection
        • Service Pre-Delivery Inspection Sheet
      • Scheduled Maintenance
        • Maintenance & Care
          • Notes
          • Schedule 1
          • Schedule 2
      • Identification Codes
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number
          • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
          • Brakes System, GVWR, Restraint Type Code
          • Line & Series Code
          • Engine Code
          • Check Digit
          • Model Year Code
          • Assembly Plant Code
          • Build Sequence
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • General Information
      • How To Use This Repair Information
        • Range Of Topics
        • Service Procedure
          • Inspection, Adjustment
          • Repair Procedure
        • Symbols
        • Advisory Messages
        • Specification
        • Upper & Lower Limits
        • Troubleshooting Procedure
          • Basic Flow Of Troubleshooting
          • On-Board Diagnosis
          • Engine Tune-Up
          • Basic Inspection
          • Diagnostic Index
          • Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Procedures For Use
          • Using The Basic Inspection
          • Using The Diagnosis Index
          • Using The Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Text Sequence
      • Unit
        • Notes
        • Conversion To Si Units (SYSTEME International D'Unites)
        • Rounding Off
        • Upper & Lower Limits
      • Fundamental Procedures
        • Protection Of The Vehicle
        • Preparation Of Tools & Measuring Equipment
        • Special Tools
        • Disconnection Of The Negative Battery Cable
        • Removal Of Parts
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection During Removal, Disassembly
        • Arrangement Of Parts
        • Cleaning Of Parts
        • Reassembly
        • Adjustments
        • Rubber Parts & Tubing
        • Hose Clamps
        • Vise
        • Torque Formulas
        • Dynamometer
      • Electrical System
        • Electrical Parts
          • Battery Cable
        • Connectors
          • Data Link Connector
        • Disconnecting Connectors
        • Locking Connector
        • Inspection
        • Terminals
          • Inspection
        • Replacement
        • Sensors, Switches, & Relays
        • Wiring Harness
          • Wiring Color Codes
        • Fuse
          • Replacement
        • Electric Troubleshooting Tools
          • Jumper Wire
        • Voltmeter
        • Ohmmeter
      • Jacking
        • Notes
        • Jacking Points - Front
        • Jacking Points - Rear
      • Lifting
        • Lifting Points
      • Towing
        • Notes
        • Front Towing
        • Rear Towing
        • Towing Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles
        • Towing Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles
      • Sae Standards
      • Abbreviations
      • Pre-Delivery Inspection
        • Service Pre-Delivery Inspection Sheet
      • Scheduled Maintenance
        • Maintenance & Care
          • Notes
          • Schedule 1
          • Schedule 2
      • Identification Codes
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number
          • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
          • Brakes System, GVWR, Restraint Type Code
          • Line & Series Code
          • Engine Code
          • Check Digit
          • Model Year Code
          • Assembly Plant Code
          • Build Sequence
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • How To Use This Repair Information
      • Range Of Topics
      • Service Procedure
        • Inspection, Adjustment
        • Repair Procedure
      • Symbols
      • Advisory Messages
      • Specification
      • Upper & Lower Limits
      • Troubleshooting Procedure
        • Basic Flow Of Troubleshooting
        • On-Board Diagnosis
        • Engine Tune-Up
        • Basic Inspection
        • Diagnostic Index
        • Symptom Troubleshooting
      • Procedures For Use
        • Using The Basic Inspection
        • Using The Diagnosis Index
        • Using The Symptom Troubleshooting
      • Text Sequence
    • Unit
      • Notes
      • Conversion To Si Units (SYSTEME International D'Unites)
      • Rounding Off
      • Upper & Lower Limits
    • Fundamental Procedures
      • Protection Of The Vehicle
      • Preparation Of Tools & Measuring Equipment
      • Special Tools
      • Disconnection Of The Negative Battery Cable
      • Removal Of Parts
      • Disassembly
      • Inspection During Removal, Disassembly
      • Arrangement Of Parts
      • Cleaning Of Parts
      • Reassembly
      • Adjustments
      • Rubber Parts & Tubing
      • Hose Clamps
      • Vise
      • Torque Formulas
      • Dynamometer
    • Electrical System
      • Electrical Parts
        • Battery Cable
      • Connectors
        • Data Link Connector
      • Disconnecting Connectors
      • Locking Connector
      • Inspection
      • Terminals
        • Inspection
      • Replacement
      • Sensors, Switches, & Relays
      • Wiring Harness
        • Wiring Color Codes
      • Fuse
        • Replacement
      • Electric Troubleshooting Tools
        • Jumper Wire
      • Voltmeter
      • Ohmmeter
    • Jacking
      • Notes
      • Jacking Points - Front
      • Jacking Points - Rear
    • Lifting
      • Lifting Points
    • Towing
      • Notes
      • Front Towing
      • Rear Towing
      • Towing Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles
      • Towing Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles
    • Sae Standards
    • Abbreviations
    • Pre-Delivery Inspection
      • Service Pre-Delivery Inspection Sheet
    • Scheduled Maintenance
      • Maintenance & Care
        • Notes
        • Schedule 1
        • Schedule 2
    • Identification Codes
      • Notes
      • Vehicle Identification Number
        • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
        • Brakes System, GVWR, Restraint Type Code
        • Line & Series Code
        • Engine Code
        • Check Digit
        • Model Year Code
        • Assembly Plant Code
        • Build Sequence
  • Restraints
    • Air Bag And Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • ACURA (1988-04)
      • DAEWOO (1999-02)
      • HONDA (1991-04)
      • HYUNDAI (1994-04)
      • INFINITI (1990-04)
      • ISUZU (1990-04)
      • KIA (1995-05)
      • LEXUS (1990-04)
      • MAZDA (1990-04)
      • MITSUBISHI (1990-04)
      • NISSAN (1989-04)
      • Scion (2004)
      • SUBARU (1992-04)
      • SUZUKI (1995-04)
      • TOYOTA (1990-04)
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • System Operation Check
        • B-Series Pickup & Tribute
        • MAZDA3, MAZDA6, MPV, MX-5 MIATA & RX8
      • Service Precautions
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • B-Series Pickup
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • MAZDA3, MAZDA6, MPV, MX-5 MIATA & RX8
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
        • Tribute
          • Disabling System
          • Activating Air Bag System
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Towing
    • General Information
      • How To Use This Repair Information
        • Range Of Topics
        • Service Procedure
          • Inspection, Adjustment
          • Repair Procedure
        • Symbols
        • Advisory Messages
        • Specification
        • Upper & Lower Limits
        • Troubleshooting Procedure
          • Basic Flow Of Troubleshooting
          • On-Board Diagnosis
          • Engine Tune-Up
          • Basic Inspection
          • Diagnostic Index
          • Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Procedures For Use
          • Using The Basic Inspection
          • Using The Diagnosis Index
          • Using The Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Text Sequence
      • Unit
        • Notes
        • Conversion To Si Units (SYSTEME International D'Unites)
        • Rounding Off
        • Upper & Lower Limits
      • Fundamental Procedures
        • Protection Of The Vehicle
        • Preparation Of Tools & Measuring Equipment
        • Special Tools
        • Disconnection Of The Negative Battery Cable
        • Removal Of Parts
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection During Removal, Disassembly
        • Arrangement Of Parts
        • Cleaning Of Parts
        • Reassembly
        • Adjustments
        • Rubber Parts & Tubing
        • Hose Clamps
        • Vise
        • Torque Formulas
        • Dynamometer
      • Electrical System
        • Electrical Parts
          • Battery Cable
        • Connectors
          • Data Link Connector
        • Disconnecting Connectors
        • Locking Connector
        • Inspection
        • Terminals
          • Inspection
        • Replacement
        • Sensors, Switches, & Relays
        • Wiring Harness
          • Wiring Color Codes
        • Fuse
          • Replacement
        • Electric Troubleshooting Tools
          • Jumper Wire
        • Voltmeter
        • Ohmmeter
      • Jacking
        • Notes
        • Jacking Points - Front
        • Jacking Points - Rear
      • Lifting
        • Lifting Points
      • Towing
        • Notes
        • Front Towing
        • Rear Towing
        • Towing Two-Wheel Drive Vehicles
        • Towing Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles
      • Sae Standards
      • Abbreviations
      • Pre-Delivery Inspection
        • Service Pre-Delivery Inspection Sheet
      • Scheduled Maintenance
        • Maintenance & Care
          • Notes
          • Schedule 1
          • Schedule 2
      • Identification Codes
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number
          • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
          • Brakes System, GVWR, Restraint Type Code
          • Line & Series Code
          • Engine Code
          • Check Digit
          • Model Year Code
          • Assembly Plant Code
          • Build Sequence
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC System
      • Climate Control System
        • Notes
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Air Conditioning System Specifications
        • Manual System
          • Service Specifications
          • Torque Specifications
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Air Conditioning (A/C)
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet(S)
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
        • Pinpoint Test 6: No Operation In All The Temperature Settings
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
          • Notes
          • Blower Motor Switch Test
        • Pinpoint Test 9: No Operation In High Blower Setting
        • Pinpoint Test 10: No Operation In Lower Speeds
          • Notes
          • Blower Motor Switch Test
      • Refrigerant System
        • Refrigerant System Warnings
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Refrigerant System
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Heat Transfer
            • Latent Heat Of Vaporization
            • Relative Humidity
            • Effects Of Pressure On Boiling Or Condensation
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
            • Notes
            • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
        • Vacuum Hose Repair
        • A/C Evaporator/Condenser On-Vehicle Leak Test
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Tracer Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Tracer Dye Injection
        • A/C Compressor External Leak Test
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Discharging & Recovery
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Evacuation & Charging
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
      • Basic System
        • Climate Control System
          • Climate Control Operation
          • Electrical Components
          • System Air Flow Description
            • Max A/C
            • A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • Vacuum Schematic
          • Function Selector Switch Vacuum Connector
          • Function Selector Switch Vacuum Application Chart
        • Control Components
          • Manual A/C
          • Control System Inputs
            • Climate Control Assembly
          • Control System Outputs
            • Blower Motor Switch Resistor
            • Blower Motor Relay
            • A/C Compressor Clutch Relay
        • Air Distribution
        • Heating & Ventilation
          • Notes
          • Heater Core Housing
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
        • Center Register Duct
          • Removal & Installation
        • Defroster Duct
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear FOOTWELL Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heater Hose - 2.0L ZETEC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Hose - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heater Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core Plugged
        • Heater Core Pressure Test
        • Heater Core Bench Test
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 2.0L ZETEC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 3.OL DURATEC (4V)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Bracket
          • Removal & Installation
        • Inspection & Assembly Requirements
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pressure Cutoff Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Cycling Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Manifold & Tube Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Condenser To Evaporator Line
          • Removal & Installation
      • Control System
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel Vent
          • Removal & Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Control Cable
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Outside Air Inlet
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Defrost
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - FOOTWELL Vent
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Temperature Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly Illumination Bulbs
          • Removal & Installation
      • Technical Data
        • Specifications
      • Service Tools
        • Special Tools
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • Removal & Installation
    • HVAC System
      • Climate Control System
        • Notes
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Air Conditioning System Specifications
        • Manual System
          • Service Specifications
          • Torque Specifications
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Air Conditioning (A/C)
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet(S)
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
        • Pinpoint Test 6: No Operation In All The Temperature Settings
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
          • Notes
          • Blower Motor Switch Test
        • Pinpoint Test 9: No Operation In High Blower Setting
        • Pinpoint Test 10: No Operation In Lower Speeds
          • Notes
          • Blower Motor Switch Test
      • Refrigerant System
        • Refrigerant System Warnings
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Refrigerant System
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Heat Transfer
            • Latent Heat Of Vaporization
            • Relative Humidity
            • Effects Of Pressure On Boiling Or Condensation
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
            • Notes
            • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
        • Vacuum Hose Repair
        • A/C Evaporator/Condenser On-Vehicle Leak Test
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Tracer Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Tracer Dye Injection
        • A/C Compressor External Leak Test
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Discharging & Recovery
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Evacuation & Charging
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
      • Basic System
        • Climate Control System
          • Climate Control Operation
          • Electrical Components
          • System Air Flow Description
            • Max A/C
            • A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • Vacuum Schematic
          • Function Selector Switch Vacuum Connector
          • Function Selector Switch Vacuum Application Chart
        • Control Components
          • Manual A/C
          • Control System Inputs
            • Climate Control Assembly
          • Control System Outputs
            • Blower Motor Switch Resistor
            • Blower Motor Relay
            • A/C Compressor Clutch Relay
        • Air Distribution
        • Heating & Ventilation
          • Notes
          • Heater Core Housing
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
        • Center Register Duct
          • Removal & Installation
        • Defroster Duct
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear FOOTWELL Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heater Hose - 2.0L ZETEC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Hose - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heater Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core Plugged
        • Heater Core Pressure Test
        • Heater Core Bench Test
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 2.0L ZETEC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 3.OL DURATEC (4V)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Bracket
          • Removal & Installation
        • Inspection & Assembly Requirements
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pressure Cutoff Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Cycling Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Manifold & Tube Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Condenser To Evaporator Line
          • Removal & Installation
      • Control System
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel Vent
          • Removal & Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Control Cable
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Outside Air Inlet
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Defrost
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - FOOTWELL Vent
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Temperature Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly Illumination Bulbs
          • Removal & Installation
      • Technical Data
        • Specifications
      • Service Tools
        • Special Tools
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC System
      • Climate Control System
        • Notes
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Air Conditioning System Specifications
        • Manual System
          • Service Specifications
          • Torque Specifications
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Air Conditioning (A/C)
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet(S)
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
        • Pinpoint Test 6: No Operation In All The Temperature Settings
        • Pinpoint Test 7: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate
        • Pinpoint Test 8: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
          • Notes
          • Blower Motor Switch Test
        • Pinpoint Test 9: No Operation In High Blower Setting
        • Pinpoint Test 10: No Operation In Lower Speeds
          • Notes
          • Blower Motor Switch Test
      • Refrigerant System
        • Refrigerant System Warnings
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Refrigerant System
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Heat Transfer
            • Latent Heat Of Vaporization
            • Relative Humidity
            • Effects Of Pressure On Boiling Or Condensation
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
            • Notes
            • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
        • Vacuum Hose Repair
        • A/C Evaporator/Condenser On-Vehicle Leak Test
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Tracer Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Tracer Dye Injection
        • A/C Compressor External Leak Test
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Discharging & Recovery
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Evacuation & Charging
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
      • Basic System
        • Climate Control System
          • Climate Control Operation
          • Electrical Components
          • System Air Flow Description
            • Max A/C
            • A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • Vacuum Schematic
          • Function Selector Switch Vacuum Connector
          • Function Selector Switch Vacuum Application Chart
        • Control Components
          • Manual A/C
          • Control System Inputs
            • Climate Control Assembly
          • Control System Outputs
            • Blower Motor Switch Resistor
            • Blower Motor Relay
            • A/C Compressor Clutch Relay
        • Air Distribution
        • Heating & Ventilation
          • Notes
          • Heater Core Housing
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
        • Center Register Duct
          • Removal & Installation
        • Defroster Duct
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear FOOTWELL Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heater Hose - 2.0L ZETEC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Hose - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heater Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core Plugged
        • Heater Core Pressure Test
        • Heater Core Bench Test
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 2.0L ZETEC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 3.OL DURATEC (4V)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Bracket
          • Removal & Installation
        • Inspection & Assembly Requirements
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pressure Cutoff Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Cycling Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Manifold & Tube Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Condenser To Evaporator Line
          • Removal & Installation
      • Control System
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel Vent
          • Removal & Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Control Cable
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Outside Air Inlet
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Defrost
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - FOOTWELL Vent
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Temperature Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly Illumination Bulbs
          • Removal & Installation
      • Technical Data
        • Specifications
      • Service Tools
        • Special Tools
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Air Bag System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • Component Replacement Disabling Procedure
          • Diagnostics Disabling Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Disabling Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Activating System
          • Component Replacement Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
          • Diagnostics Activating Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Seats Installed)
        • Computer Relearn (Seats Installed)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Inspecting Deployment Tool (Seats Installed)
        • Deployed Air Bag (Seats Installed)
        • On-Vehicle Deployment (Scrapped Vehicle) (Seats Installed)
          • Notes
          • Driver-side AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Passenger-side AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Side AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Seat Belt Pretensioner (Seats Installed)
        • Off-Vehicle Deployment (Seats Installed)
          • Driver-side AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Passenger-side AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Side AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Seat Belt Pretensioner (Seats Installed)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Front Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Air Bag Crash Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Active Commands
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
        • Prove Out System
        • Verify System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected, Inoperative Or Lost/Low Ignition Feed
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: RCM Internal Fault (DTC B1342)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Crash Data Memory Full (DTC B1231)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: RCM Bracket Ground Resistance High (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Incorrect Vehicle Identification Code (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1887)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1916)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1888)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1925)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Driver-Side Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1932)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Passenger-Side Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1933)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Driver-Side Air Bag Low Resistance (DTC B1934)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Passenger-Side Air Bag Resistance Low (DTC B1935)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Left Side Crash Sensor Internal Fault (DTC B2444)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Right Side Crash Sensor Internal Fault (DTC B2445)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Left Side Crash Sensor Mounting Failure (DTC B2441)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Right Side Crash Sensor Mounting Failure (DTC B2440)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Left Side Crash Sensor Communication Fault (DTC U2017)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Right Side Crash Sensor Communication Fault (DTC U2018)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1993)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1992)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance High (DTC B1994)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1995)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1997)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1996)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Z: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance High (DTC B1998)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Aa: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1999)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ab: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ac: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ad: Air Bag Warning Light Inoperative (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AE: Air Bag Warning Light Short To Battery (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AF: No Communication With RCM
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ag: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1885/B1877)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ah: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1881/B1886)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ai: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1878)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AJ: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1879)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AK: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1882)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Al: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1883)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Service Tools (Body & Accessories)
      • Special Tools
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Seat Belt System
      • Occupant Restraint System
        • Notes
        • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner Assembly - Front
        • Safety Belt, Lap/Shoulder - Dual Locking Mode
        • Safety Belt Extension
        • Attaching Safety Seats With Tether Straps
        • Safety Belt Warning System
      • Safety Belt Cleaning
      • Inspection And Verification
        • Notes
        • Component Test
          • Notes
          • Functional Test I (Buckle and Tongue)
          • Functional Test II (Retractor)
          • Functional Test III (System Road Test Inspection)
          • Functional Test IV (Automatic Locking Retractor)
      • Front Safety Belt Retractor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Safety Belt Retractor
        • Removal
        • Installation
          • Both Rear Safety Belt Retractors
      • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster
        • Removal and installation
      • Safety Belt Buckle And PRETENSIONER
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Safety Belt Buckle - Driver Side, Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Safety Belt - Center, Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Safety Belt Buckle - Center And Passenger Side, Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Safety Belt With Anchor Plate Thread Damage
      • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated On Belt
      • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
      • Safety Belt Procedure After A Collision
  • Seat Belts
    • Seat Belt System
      • Occupant Restraint System
        • Notes
        • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner Assembly - Front
        • Safety Belt, Lap/Shoulder - Dual Locking Mode
        • Safety Belt Extension
        • Attaching Safety Seats With Tether Straps
        • Safety Belt Warning System
      • Safety Belt Cleaning
      • Inspection And Verification
        • Notes
        • Component Test
          • Notes
          • Functional Test I (Buckle and Tongue)
          • Functional Test II (Retractor)
          • Functional Test III (System Road Test Inspection)
          • Functional Test IV (Automatic Locking Retractor)
      • Front Safety Belt Retractor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Rear Safety Belt Retractor
        • Removal
        • Installation
          • Both Rear Safety Belt Retractors
      • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster
        • Removal and installation
      • Safety Belt Buckle And PRETENSIONER
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Safety Belt Buckle - Driver Side, Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Safety Belt - Center, Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Safety Belt Buckle - Center And Passenger Side, Rear
        • Removal and Installation
      • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Safety Belt With Anchor Plate Thread Damage
      • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated On Belt
      • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
      • Safety Belt Procedure After A Collision
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Power Steering
      • Steering System
      • Steering Linkage
      • Steering Column
        • Notes
        • Tilt Columns
        • Steering Column Air Bag
        • Steering Column Lock
        • Disassembly and Assembly
      • Purging
      • System Flushing
      • Fill
      • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column Removal / Installation
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column Coupling
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Shaft
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Gear Boot
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Gear
        • Removal and Installation
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pump Pulley
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pump To Steering Gear Pressure Line - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Pump To Steering Gear Pressure Line - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Gear To Fluid Cooler Return Hose
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Tie Rod End
        • Removal and Installation
    • Service Tools (Steering)
      • Special Tools
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Power Steering System]
      • Steering System
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Steering
    • Technical Data [Steering)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Power Steering
      • Steering System
      • Steering Linkage
      • Steering Column
        • Notes
        • Tilt Columns
        • Steering Column Air Bag
        • Steering Column Lock
        • Disassembly and Assembly
      • Purging
      • System Flushing
      • Fill
      • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column Removal / Installation
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column Coupling
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Shaft
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Gear Boot
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Gear
        • Removal and Installation
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pump Pulley
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pump To Steering Gear Pressure Line - 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Power Steering Pump To Steering Gear Pressure Line - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Gear To Fluid Cooler Return Hose
        • Removal and Installation
      • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch - 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Tie Rod End
        • Removal and Installation
    • Service Tools (Steering)
      • Special Tools
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Power Steering System]
      • Steering System
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Steering
    • Technical Data [Steering)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension System
      • Front Suspension
        • Description
      • Strut And Spring Assembly
        • Removal And Installation
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with ABS
        • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Lower Arm
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar Link
        • Removal And Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar
        • Removal And Installation
      • Wheel Bearing Inspection
      • Wheel Bearing Check
      • Wheel Bearing
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with ABS
        • Installation
          • Notes
          • Vehicles with ABS
      • Torque Specifications
    • Service Tools (Suspension]
      • Special Tools
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Suspension System]
      • Suspension System (Description)
      • Wheels And Tires
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Road Test
          • Match Mounting Tires
          • Tire Lead Diagnosis
          • Component Tests
            • Tire and Wheel Runout
            • Tire Runout
            • Wheel Runout
      • Suspension System
        • Inspection and Verification - Front Suspension
          • Notes
          • Wheel And Hub Bearing
          • Strut And Spring Assembly
        • Vehicle Inspection
        • Inspection and Verification - Rear Suspension
        • Component Test
          • Ball Joint Inspection - Front Suspension Lower Arm
      • Noise, Vibration And Harshness (NVH)
        • Notes
        • Acceptable Noise, Vibration and Harshness
        • Diagnostic Theory
        • Glossary of Terms
          • Acceleration - Light
          • Acceleration - Medium
          • Acceleration - Heavy
          • Ambient Temperature
          • Amplitude
          • Backlash
          • Boom
          • Bound Up
          • Brakes Applied
          • Buffet/Buffeting
          • Buzz
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Chatter
          • Chirp
          • Chuckle
          • Click
          • Clonk
          • Clunk/Driveline Clunk
          • Coast/Deceleration
          • Coast/Neutral Coast
          • Constant Velocity (CV) Joint
          • Controlled Rear Suspension Height
          • Coupling Shaft
          • Cps
          • Cracks
          • Creak
          • Cruise
          • Cycle
          • Decibel
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Test
          • Driveline Angles
          • Driveshaft
          • Drivetrain
          • Drivetrain Damper
          • Drone
          • Drumming
          • Dynamic Balance
          • Engine Imbalance
          • Engine Misfire
          • Engine Shake
          • Flexible Coupling
          • Float
          • Flutter
          • Frequency
          • Gravelly Feel
          • Grind
          • Hiss
          • Hoot
          • Howl
          • Hum
          • Hz
          • Imbalance
          • Inboard
          • Intensity
          • Isolate
          • Knock
          • Moan
          • Neutral Engine Run-Up (NERU) Test
          • Neutralize/Normalize
          • Outboard
          • Ping
          • Pinion Shaft
          • Pitch
          • Pumping Feel
          • Radial/Lateral
          • Rattle
          • Rotary Blade Coupling (RBC)
          • Ring Gear
          • Road Test
          • Roughness
          • Runout
          • Rustling
          • Shake
          • Shimmy
          • Shudder
          • Slap
          • Slip Yoke/Slip Spline
          • Squeak
          • Squeal
          • Static Balance
          • Tap
          • Thump
          • Tick
          • Tip-In Moan
          • Tire
          • Tire Deflection
          • Tire Flat Spots
          • Tire Force Vibration
          • Transient
          • Two-Plane Balance
          • Vibration
          • Whine
          • Whistle
          • Wind Noise
          • Wot
        • Tools and Techniques
          • Vibration Analyzer (VA)
          • Vibrate Software(R)
          • ChassisEAR
          • EngineEAR
          • Ultrasonic Leak Detector
          • Squeak and Rattle Repair Kit
          • Tracing Powder
          • Index Card
      • Noise, Vibration And Harshness (NVH) Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • 1: Customer Interview
        • 2: Pre-Drive Check
        • 3: Preparing for the Road Test
        • 4: Verify the Customer Concern
        • 5: Road Test
          • Notes
          • Slow Acceleration Test
          • Heavy Acceleration Test
          • Neutral Coast Down Speed Test
          • Downshift Speed Test
          • Steering Input Test
          • Brake Test
          • Road Test Over Bumps
          • Neutral Engine Run-up (NERU) Test
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Load Test
          • Engine Accessory Test
          • Vehicle Cold Soak Procedure
        • 6: Check Mazda TIPS/TSBs/Repair History
        • 7: Diagnostic Procedure
        • NVH Condition and Symptom Categories
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Not Moving
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Moving
        • Pinpoint Tests
        • Component Tests
          • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
          • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern And Condition Of The Ring And Pinion
          • Tire Wear Chart
          • Tire Speed And Frequency Chart
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Air Leak And Wind Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Brake Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Brake Vibration/Shudder
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Idle Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Engine Accessory Drive Bearing Hoot
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Power Steering Moan
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Drumming Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Engine Ticking, Knocking Or Continuous Rattle
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Engine Ticking Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Squeak And Rattle
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Steering Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Suspension Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Suspension Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Rear Suspension Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Vehicle Ride
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Drift Left Or Right
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Steering Wheel Off-Center
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Tracks Incorrectly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Rough Ride
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Excessive Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Incorrect Tire Wear
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Wheels And Tires
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Tire Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: High Speed Shake Or Shimmy
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Wheel And Tire
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Clutch Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Automatic) Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Driveline System Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Manual) And Power Take Off Unit Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Power Take Off Unit Vibration
    • Technical Data [Suspension)
      • Specifications
        • Front Alignment Specifications
        • Rear Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Wheel Rim Runout
        • Tire Runout Specifications
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension System
      • Suspension System
      • General Procedures
        • Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
        • Exhaust System Neutralizing
      • Noise, Vibration And Harshness (NVH)
        • Notes
        • Acceptable Noise, Vibration And Harshness
        • Diagnostic Theory
        • Glossary Of Terms
        • Tools And Techniques
          • Vibration Analyzer (VA)
          • Vibrate Software(R)
          • ChassisEAR
          • EngineEAR
          • Ultrasonic Leak Detector
          • Squeak and Rattle Repair Kit
          • Tracing Powder
          • Index Card
      • Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
        • Notes
        • 1: Customer Interview
        • 2: Pre-Drive Check
        • 3: Preparing For The Road Test
        • 4: Verify The Customer Concern
        • 5: Road Test
          • Notes
          • Slow Acceleration Test
          • Heavy Acceleration Test
          • Neutral Coast Down Speed Test
          • Downshift Speed Test
          • Steering Input Test
          • Brake Test
          • Road Test Over Bumps
          • Neutral Engine Run-Up (NERU) Test
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Load Test
          • Engine Accessory Test
          • Vehicle Cold Soak Procedure
        • 6: Check MAZDA Tips/TSBS/Repair History
        • 7: Diagnostic Procedure
        • NVH Condition & Symptom Categories
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Not Moving
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Moving
        • Pinpoint Tests
        • Component Tests
          • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
          • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern and Condition of the Ring and Pinion
        • Tire Wear Patterns & Frequency Calculations
          • Tire Wear Chart
        • Tire Speed & Frequency Chart
      • Symptom Troubleshooting
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Air Leak & Wind Noise
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Brake Noise/Vibration
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test 1: Brake Vibration/Shudder
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Idle Noise/Vibration
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Engine Accessory Drive Bearing Hoot
          • Pinpoint Test 2: Power Steering Moan
          • Pinpoint Test 3: Drumming Noise
          • Pinpoint Test 4: Engine Ticking, Knocking Or Continuous Rattle
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine Noise/Vibration
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test 1: Engine Ticking Noise
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Squeak & Rattle
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Steering Noise/Vibration
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Suspension Noise/Vibration
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Suspension Noise
          • Pinpoint Test 2: Rear Suspension Noise
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Vehicle Ride
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test 1: Drift Left Or Right
          • Pinpoint Test 2: Steering Wheel Off-Center
          • Pinpoint Test 3: Tracks Incorrectly
          • Pinpoint Test 4: Rough Ride
          • Pinpoint Test 5: Excessive Noise
          • Pinpoint Test 6: Incorrect Tire Wear
          • Pinpoint Test 7: Vibration
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Wheels & Tires
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Tire Noise/Vibration
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test 1: High Speed Shake Or Shimmy
          • Pinpoint Test 2: Wheel & Tire
          • Pinpoint Test 3: Clutch Vibration
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Automatic) Noise/Vibration
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Driveline System Noise/Vibration
        • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Manual) & Power Take Off Unit Noise/Vibration
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test 1: Power Take Off Unit Vibration
      • Lean Correction
      • Rear Suspension
        • Notes
        • Shock Absorber
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spring
          • Removal and Installation
        • Upper Arm
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lower Arm
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Knuckle - 2WD
          • Removal (Vehicles Without ABS)
          • Installation
        • Wheel Knuckle - 4WD
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Bearing - 2WD
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Bearing - 4WD
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Studs (Rear)
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wheels And Tires
        • Inspection And Verification
          • Notes
          • Road Test
          • Match Mounting Tires
          • Tire Lead Diagnosis
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Component Tests
          • Tire and Wheel Runout
          • Tire Runout
          • Wheel Runout
      • Special Service Tools
      • Torque Specifications
    • Service Tools (Suspension]
      • Special Tools
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Suspension System]
      • Suspension System (Description)
      • Wheels And Tires
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Road Test
          • Match Mounting Tires
          • Tire Lead Diagnosis
          • Component Tests
            • Tire and Wheel Runout
            • Tire Runout
            • Wheel Runout
      • Suspension System
        • Inspection and Verification - Front Suspension
          • Notes
          • Wheel And Hub Bearing
          • Strut And Spring Assembly
        • Vehicle Inspection
        • Inspection and Verification - Rear Suspension
        • Component Test
          • Ball Joint Inspection - Front Suspension Lower Arm
      • Noise, Vibration And Harshness (NVH)
        • Notes
        • Acceptable Noise, Vibration and Harshness
        • Diagnostic Theory
        • Glossary of Terms
          • Acceleration - Light
          • Acceleration - Medium
          • Acceleration - Heavy
          • Ambient Temperature
          • Amplitude
          • Backlash
          • Boom
          • Bound Up
          • Brakes Applied
          • Buffet/Buffeting
          • Buzz
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Chatter
          • Chirp
          • Chuckle
          • Click
          • Clonk
          • Clunk/Driveline Clunk
          • Coast/Deceleration
          • Coast/Neutral Coast
          • Constant Velocity (CV) Joint
          • Controlled Rear Suspension Height
          • Coupling Shaft
          • Cps
          • Cracks
          • Creak
          • Cruise
          • Cycle
          • Decibel
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Test
          • Driveline Angles
          • Driveshaft
          • Drivetrain
          • Drivetrain Damper
          • Drone
          • Drumming
          • Dynamic Balance
          • Engine Imbalance
          • Engine Misfire
          • Engine Shake
          • Flexible Coupling
          • Float
          • Flutter
          • Frequency
          • Gravelly Feel
          • Grind
          • Hiss
          • Hoot
          • Howl
          • Hum
          • Hz
          • Imbalance
          • Inboard
          • Intensity
          • Isolate
          • Knock
          • Moan
          • Neutral Engine Run-Up (NERU) Test
          • Neutralize/Normalize
          • Outboard
          • Ping
          • Pinion Shaft
          • Pitch
          • Pumping Feel
          • Radial/Lateral
          • Rattle
          • Rotary Blade Coupling (RBC)
          • Ring Gear
          • Road Test
          • Roughness
          • Runout
          • Rustling
          • Shake
          • Shimmy
          • Shudder
          • Slap
          • Slip Yoke/Slip Spline
          • Squeak
          • Squeal
          • Static Balance
          • Tap
          • Thump
          • Tick
          • Tip-In Moan
          • Tire
          • Tire Deflection
          • Tire Flat Spots
          • Tire Force Vibration
          • Transient
          • Two-Plane Balance
          • Vibration
          • Whine
          • Whistle
          • Wind Noise
          • Wot
        • Tools and Techniques
          • Vibration Analyzer (VA)
          • Vibrate Software(R)
          • ChassisEAR
          • EngineEAR
          • Ultrasonic Leak Detector
          • Squeak and Rattle Repair Kit
          • Tracing Powder
          • Index Card
      • Noise, Vibration And Harshness (NVH) Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • 1: Customer Interview
        • 2: Pre-Drive Check
        • 3: Preparing for the Road Test
        • 4: Verify the Customer Concern
        • 5: Road Test
          • Notes
          • Slow Acceleration Test
          • Heavy Acceleration Test
          • Neutral Coast Down Speed Test
          • Downshift Speed Test
          • Steering Input Test
          • Brake Test
          • Road Test Over Bumps
          • Neutral Engine Run-up (NERU) Test
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Load Test
          • Engine Accessory Test
          • Vehicle Cold Soak Procedure
        • 6: Check Mazda TIPS/TSBs/Repair History
        • 7: Diagnostic Procedure
        • NVH Condition and Symptom Categories
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Not Moving
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Moving
        • Pinpoint Tests
        • Component Tests
          • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
          • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern And Condition Of The Ring And Pinion
          • Tire Wear Chart
          • Tire Speed And Frequency Chart
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Air Leak And Wind Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Brake Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Brake Vibration/Shudder
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Idle Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Engine Accessory Drive Bearing Hoot
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Power Steering Moan
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Drumming Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Engine Ticking, Knocking Or Continuous Rattle
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Engine Ticking Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Squeak And Rattle
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Steering Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Suspension Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Suspension Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Rear Suspension Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Vehicle Ride
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Drift Left Or Right
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Steering Wheel Off-Center
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Tracks Incorrectly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Rough Ride
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Excessive Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Incorrect Tire Wear
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Wheels And Tires
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Tire Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: High Speed Shake Or Shimmy
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Wheel And Tire
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Clutch Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Automatic) Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Driveline System Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Manual) And Power Take Off Unit Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Power Take Off Unit Vibration
    • Technical Data [Suspension)
      • Specifications
        • Front Alignment Specifications
        • Rear Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Wheel Rim Runout
        • Tire Runout Specifications
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Technical Data [Suspension)
      • Specifications
        • Front Alignment Specifications
        • Rear Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Wheel Rim Runout
        • Tire Runout Specifications
    • Wheel Alignment System
      • Front Toe Adjustment
      • Camber And Caster Adjustment
      • Lean Correction
      • Wheel Alignment Angles
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe
      • Rear Toe Adjustment
      • Wheel Alignment Specifications
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Suspension System]
      • Suspension System (Description)
      • Wheels And Tires
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Road Test
          • Match Mounting Tires
          • Tire Lead Diagnosis
          • Component Tests
            • Tire and Wheel Runout
            • Tire Runout
            • Wheel Runout
      • Suspension System
        • Inspection and Verification - Front Suspension
          • Notes
          • Wheel And Hub Bearing
          • Strut And Spring Assembly
        • Vehicle Inspection
        • Inspection and Verification - Rear Suspension
        • Component Test
          • Ball Joint Inspection - Front Suspension Lower Arm
      • Noise, Vibration And Harshness (NVH)
        • Notes
        • Acceptable Noise, Vibration and Harshness
        • Diagnostic Theory
        • Glossary of Terms
          • Acceleration - Light
          • Acceleration - Medium
          • Acceleration - Heavy
          • Ambient Temperature
          • Amplitude
          • Backlash
          • Boom
          • Bound Up
          • Brakes Applied
          • Buffet/Buffeting
          • Buzz
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Chatter
          • Chirp
          • Chuckle
          • Click
          • Clonk
          • Clunk/Driveline Clunk
          • Coast/Deceleration
          • Coast/Neutral Coast
          • Constant Velocity (CV) Joint
          • Controlled Rear Suspension Height
          • Coupling Shaft
          • Cps
          • Cracks
          • Creak
          • Cruise
          • Cycle
          • Decibel
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Test
          • Driveline Angles
          • Driveshaft
          • Drivetrain
          • Drivetrain Damper
          • Drone
          • Drumming
          • Dynamic Balance
          • Engine Imbalance
          • Engine Misfire
          • Engine Shake
          • Flexible Coupling
          • Float
          • Flutter
          • Frequency
          • Gravelly Feel
          • Grind
          • Hiss
          • Hoot
          • Howl
          • Hum
          • Hz
          • Imbalance
          • Inboard
          • Intensity
          • Isolate
          • Knock
          • Moan
          • Neutral Engine Run-Up (NERU) Test
          • Neutralize/Normalize
          • Outboard
          • Ping
          • Pinion Shaft
          • Pitch
          • Pumping Feel
          • Radial/Lateral
          • Rattle
          • Rotary Blade Coupling (RBC)
          • Ring Gear
          • Road Test
          • Roughness
          • Runout
          • Rustling
          • Shake
          • Shimmy
          • Shudder
          • Slap
          • Slip Yoke/Slip Spline
          • Squeak
          • Squeal
          • Static Balance
          • Tap
          • Thump
          • Tick
          • Tip-In Moan
          • Tire
          • Tire Deflection
          • Tire Flat Spots
          • Tire Force Vibration
          • Transient
          • Two-Plane Balance
          • Vibration
          • Whine
          • Whistle
          • Wind Noise
          • Wot
        • Tools and Techniques
          • Vibration Analyzer (VA)
          • Vibrate Software(R)
          • ChassisEAR
          • EngineEAR
          • Ultrasonic Leak Detector
          • Squeak and Rattle Repair Kit
          • Tracing Powder
          • Index Card
      • Noise, Vibration And Harshness (NVH) Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • 1: Customer Interview
        • 2: Pre-Drive Check
        • 3: Preparing for the Road Test
        • 4: Verify the Customer Concern
        • 5: Road Test
          • Notes
          • Slow Acceleration Test
          • Heavy Acceleration Test
          • Neutral Coast Down Speed Test
          • Downshift Speed Test
          • Steering Input Test
          • Brake Test
          • Road Test Over Bumps
          • Neutral Engine Run-up (NERU) Test
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Load Test
          • Engine Accessory Test
          • Vehicle Cold Soak Procedure
        • 6: Check Mazda TIPS/TSBs/Repair History
        • 7: Diagnostic Procedure
        • NVH Condition and Symptom Categories
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Not Moving
          • Operating Condition - Vehicle is Moving
        • Pinpoint Tests
        • Component Tests
          • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
          • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern And Condition Of The Ring And Pinion
          • Tire Wear Chart
          • Tire Speed And Frequency Chart
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Air Leak And Wind Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Brake Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Brake Vibration/Shudder
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Idle Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Engine Accessory Drive Bearing Hoot
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Power Steering Moan
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Drumming Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Engine Ticking, Knocking Or Continuous Rattle
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Engine Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Engine Ticking Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Squeak And Rattle
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Steering Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Suspension Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Front Suspension Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Rear Suspension Noise
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Vehicle Ride
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Drift Left Or Right
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Steering Wheel Off-Center
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Tracks Incorrectly
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Rough Ride
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Excessive Noise
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Incorrect Tire Wear
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Wheels And Tires
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Tire Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: High Speed Shake Or Shimmy
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Wheel And Tire
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Clutch Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Automatic) Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Driveline System Noise/Vibration
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Transaxle (Manual) And Power Take Off Unit Noise/Vibration
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Power Take Off Unit Vibration
    • Technical Data [Suspension)
      • Specifications
        • Front Alignment Specifications
        • Rear Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Wheel Rim Runout
        • Tire Runout Specifications
    • Wheels And Tires
      • Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Safety Precautions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Wheel Studs - Front
        • Removal and Installation
      • Wheel Studs - Rear
        • Removal and Installation
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transaxle - Overhaul
      • Transaxle Description
      • Identification Tags
      • Range Selection
        • Notes
        • Park
        • Reverse
        • Neutral
        • Drive
        • Second Gear Position
        • Low Position
      • Transaxle Electronic Control System
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Electronic Ignition (EI) System
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF/IAT) Sensor
        • Transaxle Control Switch (TCS)
        • Transaxle Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Transaxle Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
        • Transaxle Range (Tr) Sensor
        • Turbine Speed Shaft (TSS) Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
        • Solenoid Valve Body Assembly
        • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
        • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
        • 3-2 Timing/Coast Clutch Solenoid (3-2 T/CCS)
        • Shift Solenoid Assembly (SS1, SS2)
      • Shift Patterns
        • Upshifts
        • Downshifts
        • COASTDOWN
        • Torque Demand
        • KICKDOWN
      • Disassembled Views
        • Transaxle
        • Main Control Valve Body
      • Bushings, Bearing & Thrust Washer Locator
      • Torque Converter
        • Overview
        • Notes
        • Impeller & Cover
        • Turbine
        • Reactor
        • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)
        • Turbine Shaft
      • Apply Components
        • Intermediate & Overdrive Band
        • Intermediate & Overdrive Servo
        • Forward Clutch
        • Direct Clutch
        • Reverse Clutch
        • Coast Clutch
        • Low/Reverse Clutch
        • Forward One-Way Clutch
        • Low One-Way Clutch
      • GEARTRAIN
        • Notes
        • Planetary GEARSETS
        • Drive Chain Assembly
        • Drive Chain & Sprockets
        • Differential
      • Hydraulic System
        • Notes
        • Fluid Pump Assembly Components
        • Fluid Pump
        • Fluid Level & Filter
        • Main Control
        • Low/Reverse Accumulator
        • 2-4 Accumulator
        • Forward Accumulator
      • Transaxle Fluid Cooler - BACKFLUSHING & Cleaning
      • Main Control Cover & Gasket
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Main Control Valve Body
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Overdrive Servo
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle Support Insulator - Lower, Front
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle Support Insulator - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle Support Insulator - Lower, Rear, 2.0L ZETEC
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle Support Insulator - Lower, Rear, 3.0L DURATEC (4V)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Differential Fluid Seals - LH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle Range (Tr) Sensor
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle - Removal
        • Removal
      • Transaxle - Disassembly
        • Disassembly Note
      • Chain Sprockets
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Final Drive Carrier And Differential Assembly
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Forward One-Way Clutch
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Forward/Coast/Direct Clutch Cylinder & Reverse Clutch Drum - Disassembly
        • Disassembly Note
      • Forward/Coast/Direct Clutch Cylinder & Reverse Clutch Drum - Assembly
        • Assembly Note
      • Forward/Coast/Direct Clutches
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Low One-Way Clutch Assembly
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Low/Reverse Piston
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Transaxle Case
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Pump Assembly
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Reverse Clutch
        • Notes
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
      • Planetary GEARSETS And Chain Drive Parts
        • Disassembly Note
      • Torque Converter Cleaning & Inspection
      • Torque Converter Flushing
      • Torque Converter Leak Check
        • Inspection
      • Torque Converter End Play Check
        • Inspection
      • Torque Converter Insert Check
        • Inspection
      • Torque Converter Turbine Torque Check
        • Inspection
      • Transaxle - Assembly
        • Assembly Note
      • Transaxle - Installation
      • Differential Fluid Seals - RH
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle Fluid Drain & Refill
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Transaxle Cooling
      • Transaxle Fluid Cooler Tubes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Auxiliary Transaxle Fluid Cooler
        • Removal & Installation
    • Automatic Transaxle (Torque Converter Housing)
      • Torque Converter Housing
        • Disassembly Note
        • Assembly Note
    • Automatic Transaxle [Shift Mechanism]
      • External Controls
        • Notes
        • Shift Interlock System
      • Selector Lever Cable Adjustment
      • Selector Lever
        • Removal and Installation
      • Selector Lever Cable
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Transmission]
      • Manual Transaxle And Clutch
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Clutch Master Cylinder Check
      • Clutch Release Fork Check
      • Clutch Disc Check
      • Clutch Pressure Plate Check
      • Flywheel RUNOUT Check
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Clutch
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Clutch Slippage
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Clutch Chatter Or Shudder
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Clutch Drag
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Clutch Pedal Pulsation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Clutch Related Vibrations
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Hard Shifting
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Excessive Noise
      • External Controls
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Diagnostic Flow Chart
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Flow Chart
      • Preliminary Inspection
        • Notes
        • Know and Understand the Concern
        • Verification of Condition
          • Notes
          • Determine Customer Concerns
          • Check Fluid Level and Condition
          • Fluid Level Check
          • Low Fluid Level
          • High Fluid Level
          • Adding Fluid
          • Fluid Condition Check
      • Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Shift Linkage Check
        • Check TSBs and Mazda Tips
        • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostics
      • Diagnostic Strategy
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Diagnostics
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • On-Board Diagnostics With Diagnostic Tool
          • Notes
          • Other Scan Tool Features
      • Special Testing Procedures
        • Notes
        • Line Pressure Test
          • Notes
          • Line Pressure Chart
          • Line Pressure Diagnosis
        • Stall Speed Test
          • Notes
          • Stall Speed Chart
          • Stall Speed Diagnosis Chart
        • Air Pressure Tests
        • Test Procedures
          • Notes
          • Air Pressure Test Port Locations
        • Air Pressure Test Results
      • Road Testing Vehicle
      • Shift Point Road Test
      • Transaxle Drive Cycle Test
      • Leakage Inspection
        • Notes
        • External Sealing
          • Notes
          • External Sealing
        • Fluid Leakage in Torque Converter Area
          • Notes
          • Leakage Points
        • Leak Check Test
        • Leak Check Test With Black Light
      • Torque Converter Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • Torque Converter Clutch Operation Test
      • Transaxle Bearing Cone And Race Inspection
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Automatic Transaxle Shift Control
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Shift Interlock System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Shift Control Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Transaxle Control Switch Is Inoperative
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Automatic Transaxle Cooling
      • Transaxle Fluid Cooler
        • Notes
        • Transaxle Fluid Cooler Flow Test
        • Transaxle Fluid Cooler Tube Replacement
      • Transaxle Cooling
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
      • DTC P0500, P0501, P1502, P1720: Vehicle Speed Signal Malfunction
      • DTC P0503, P1500, P1501: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Signal Intermittent
      • DTC P0706, P0707, P0708, P1702, P1705: Transaxle Range (Tr) Sensor
      • DTC P0710, P0711, P0712, P0713, P1711, P1718, P1783: Transaxle Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
      • DTC P0715, P0717, P0718, P0720, P0721, P0722, P0725: Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor And Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensors
      • DTC P0730, P0731, P0732, P0733, P0734, P0745, P0750, P0751, P0752, P0755, P0756, P0757, P0760, P0761, P1721, P1722, P1723, P1724, P1735, P1736, P1738, P1751, P1752, P1756, P1757: Shift Solenoids
      • DTC P0743, P1719, P1737, P1741, P1742, P1743, P1744, P1745, P1746, P1747, P1749: Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
      • DTC P1714, P1715: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
      • DTC P1745, P1746, P1747, P1748: Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
      • DTC P1780: Transaxle Control Switch (TCS) Or Transaxle Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL) Circuit Malfunction
      • DTC P1788, P1789: 3-2T/CCS Solenoid
      • Automatic Transaxle Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Diagnosis Index
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Forward Engagement Only
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 2: No Reverse Engagement (No Movement)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Harsh Engagement
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Delayed/Soft Engagement
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 5: No Forward And No Reverse Engagements (No Vehicle Movement)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Shift Concern: Timing - Early/Late
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 8: Shift Concern: Erratic
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 9: Shift Concern: Feel - Soft/Slipping
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 10: Shift Concern: Feel - Harsh
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 11: Shift Concerns: No First Gear Engages In Higher Gear (D Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 12: Shift Concerns: No First Gear In 1 Range (First Gear In D Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 13: Shift Concerns: No 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 14: Shift Concerns: No 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 15: Shift Concerns: No 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 16: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 17: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 18: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 19: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 20: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 21: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-1 Shift (Automatic Or Kick-Down)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 22: Shift Concerns: Harsh 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 23: Shift Concerns: Harsh 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 24: Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 25: Shift Concerns: Harsh 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 26: Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 27: Shift Concerns: Torque Converter Clutch: Does Not Apply
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 28: Torque Converter Clutch: Always Applied/May Stall Engine
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 29: Poor Vehicle Acceleration/Performance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 30: Engine Will Not Crank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 31: No P Position
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 32: Transaxle Overheating
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 33: No Engine Braking In First Gear (1 Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 34: No Engine Braking In 2 Range
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 35: Vehicle Movement With Gear Selector In N Position
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 36: Shift Efforts High
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 37: External Leaks
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 38: Noise/Vibration - Forward/Reverse
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 39: O/D Off Indicator Light Does Not Illuminate When O/D Off Switch Is Turned To On
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 40: O/D Off Indicator Light Illuminates When O/D Off Switch Is Not Turned To On
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
    • Technical Data [Transmission)
      • Specifications
        • Automatic Transaxle
          • Fluid Specification
          • Fluid Capacity
          • Reference: Pressure Chart No. 401
          • Reference: Clutch/Band Application Chart No. 601
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear
          • Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Forward/Coast Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Direct Clutch Pack Clearance (4 Friction Plates)
          • Pump Gear End Clearance
          • Pump Assembly Rotating Torque
          • Low/Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Intermediate and Overdrive Servo
          • Intermediate/Overdrive Servo Apply Rod
          • Reverse/Overdrive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Final Drive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Gear Ratios
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Pressure Plate
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Disc
          • General Specifications
        • Manual Transaxle
          • General Specifications
  • Clutch
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Transmission]
      • Manual Transaxle And Clutch
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Clutch Master Cylinder Check
      • Clutch Release Fork Check
      • Clutch Disc Check
      • Clutch Pressure Plate Check
      • Flywheel RUNOUT Check
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Clutch
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Clutch Slippage
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Clutch Chatter Or Shudder
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Clutch Drag
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Clutch Pedal Pulsation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Clutch Related Vibrations
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Hard Shifting
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Excessive Noise
      • External Controls
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Diagnostic Flow Chart
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Flow Chart
      • Preliminary Inspection
        • Notes
        • Know and Understand the Concern
        • Verification of Condition
          • Notes
          • Determine Customer Concerns
          • Check Fluid Level and Condition
          • Fluid Level Check
          • Low Fluid Level
          • High Fluid Level
          • Adding Fluid
          • Fluid Condition Check
      • Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Shift Linkage Check
        • Check TSBs and Mazda Tips
        • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostics
      • Diagnostic Strategy
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Diagnostics
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • On-Board Diagnostics With Diagnostic Tool
          • Notes
          • Other Scan Tool Features
      • Special Testing Procedures
        • Notes
        • Line Pressure Test
          • Notes
          • Line Pressure Chart
          • Line Pressure Diagnosis
        • Stall Speed Test
          • Notes
          • Stall Speed Chart
          • Stall Speed Diagnosis Chart
        • Air Pressure Tests
        • Test Procedures
          • Notes
          • Air Pressure Test Port Locations
        • Air Pressure Test Results
      • Road Testing Vehicle
      • Shift Point Road Test
      • Transaxle Drive Cycle Test
      • Leakage Inspection
        • Notes
        • External Sealing
          • Notes
          • External Sealing
        • Fluid Leakage in Torque Converter Area
          • Notes
          • Leakage Points
        • Leak Check Test
        • Leak Check Test With Black Light
      • Torque Converter Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • Torque Converter Clutch Operation Test
      • Transaxle Bearing Cone And Race Inspection
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Automatic Transaxle Shift Control
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Shift Interlock System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Shift Control Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Transaxle Control Switch Is Inoperative
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Automatic Transaxle Cooling
      • Transaxle Fluid Cooler
        • Notes
        • Transaxle Fluid Cooler Flow Test
        • Transaxle Fluid Cooler Tube Replacement
      • Transaxle Cooling
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
      • DTC P0500, P0501, P1502, P1720: Vehicle Speed Signal Malfunction
      • DTC P0503, P1500, P1501: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Signal Intermittent
      • DTC P0706, P0707, P0708, P1702, P1705: Transaxle Range (Tr) Sensor
      • DTC P0710, P0711, P0712, P0713, P1711, P1718, P1783: Transaxle Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
      • DTC P0715, P0717, P0718, P0720, P0721, P0722, P0725: Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor And Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensors
      • DTC P0730, P0731, P0732, P0733, P0734, P0745, P0750, P0751, P0752, P0755, P0756, P0757, P0760, P0761, P1721, P1722, P1723, P1724, P1735, P1736, P1738, P1751, P1752, P1756, P1757: Shift Solenoids
      • DTC P0743, P1719, P1737, P1741, P1742, P1743, P1744, P1745, P1746, P1747, P1749: Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
      • DTC P1714, P1715: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
      • DTC P1745, P1746, P1747, P1748: Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
      • DTC P1780: Transaxle Control Switch (TCS) Or Transaxle Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL) Circuit Malfunction
      • DTC P1788, P1789: 3-2T/CCS Solenoid
      • Automatic Transaxle Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Diagnosis Index
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Forward Engagement Only
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 2: No Reverse Engagement (No Movement)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Harsh Engagement
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Delayed/Soft Engagement
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 5: No Forward And No Reverse Engagements (No Vehicle Movement)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Shift Concern: Timing - Early/Late
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 8: Shift Concern: Erratic
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 9: Shift Concern: Feel - Soft/Slipping
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 10: Shift Concern: Feel - Harsh
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 11: Shift Concerns: No First Gear Engages In Higher Gear (D Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 12: Shift Concerns: No First Gear In 1 Range (First Gear In D Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 13: Shift Concerns: No 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 14: Shift Concerns: No 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 15: Shift Concerns: No 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 16: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 17: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 18: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 19: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 20: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 21: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-1 Shift (Automatic Or Kick-Down)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 22: Shift Concerns: Harsh 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 23: Shift Concerns: Harsh 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 24: Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 25: Shift Concerns: Harsh 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 26: Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 27: Shift Concerns: Torque Converter Clutch: Does Not Apply
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 28: Torque Converter Clutch: Always Applied/May Stall Engine
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 29: Poor Vehicle Acceleration/Performance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 30: Engine Will Not Crank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 31: No P Position
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 32: Transaxle Overheating
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 33: No Engine Braking In First Gear (1 Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 34: No Engine Braking In 2 Range
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 35: Vehicle Movement With Gear Selector In N Position
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 36: Shift Efforts High
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 37: External Leaks
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 38: Noise/Vibration - Forward/Reverse
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 39: O/D Off Indicator Light Does Not Illuminate When O/D Off Switch Is Turned To On
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 40: O/D Off Indicator Light Illuminates When O/D Off Switch Is Not Turned To On
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
    • Technical Data [Transmission)
      • Specifications
        • Automatic Transaxle
          • Fluid Specification
          • Fluid Capacity
          • Reference: Pressure Chart No. 401
          • Reference: Clutch/Band Application Chart No. 601
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear
          • Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Forward/Coast Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Direct Clutch Pack Clearance (4 Friction Plates)
          • Pump Gear End Clearance
          • Pump Assembly Rotating Torque
          • Low/Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Intermediate and Overdrive Servo
          • Intermediate/Overdrive Servo Apply Rod
          • Reverse/Overdrive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Final Drive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Gear Ratios
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Pressure Plate
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Disc
          • General Specifications
        • Manual Transaxle
          • General Specifications
  • Manual Trans
    • Symptom Troubleshooting [Transmission]
      • Manual Transaxle And Clutch
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Clutch Master Cylinder Check
      • Clutch Release Fork Check
      • Clutch Disc Check
      • Clutch Pressure Plate Check
      • Flywheel RUNOUT Check
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Clutch
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: Clutch Slippage
        • Pinpoint Test 2: Clutch Chatter Or Shudder
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Clutch Drag
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Clutch Pedal Pulsation
        • Pinpoint Test 5: Clutch Related Vibrations
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Hard Shifting
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Excessive Noise
      • External Controls
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Diagnostic Flow Chart
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Flow Chart
      • Preliminary Inspection
        • Notes
        • Know and Understand the Concern
        • Verification of Condition
          • Notes
          • Determine Customer Concerns
          • Check Fluid Level and Condition
          • Fluid Level Check
          • Low Fluid Level
          • High Fluid Level
          • Adding Fluid
          • Fluid Condition Check
      • Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Shift Linkage Check
        • Check TSBs and Mazda Tips
        • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostics
      • Diagnostic Strategy
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Diagnostics
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • On-Board Diagnostics With Diagnostic Tool
          • Notes
          • Other Scan Tool Features
      • Special Testing Procedures
        • Notes
        • Line Pressure Test
          • Notes
          • Line Pressure Chart
          • Line Pressure Diagnosis
        • Stall Speed Test
          • Notes
          • Stall Speed Chart
          • Stall Speed Diagnosis Chart
        • Air Pressure Tests
        • Test Procedures
          • Notes
          • Air Pressure Test Port Locations
        • Air Pressure Test Results
      • Road Testing Vehicle
      • Shift Point Road Test
      • Transaxle Drive Cycle Test
      • Leakage Inspection
        • Notes
        • External Sealing
          • Notes
          • External Sealing
        • Fluid Leakage in Torque Converter Area
          • Notes
          • Leakage Points
        • Leak Check Test
        • Leak Check Test With Black Light
      • Torque Converter Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • Torque Converter Clutch Operation Test
      • Transaxle Bearing Cone And Race Inspection
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Automatic Transaxle Shift Control
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test 1: The Shift Interlock System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test 2: The Shift Control Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship
        • Pinpoint Test 3: The Transaxle Control Switch Is Inoperative
      • Symptom Troubleshooting Chart - Automatic Transaxle Cooling
      • Transaxle Fluid Cooler
        • Notes
        • Transaxle Fluid Cooler Flow Test
        • Transaxle Fluid Cooler Tube Replacement
      • Transaxle Cooling
        • Inspection and Verification
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
      • DTC P0500, P0501, P1502, P1720: Vehicle Speed Signal Malfunction
      • DTC P0503, P1500, P1501: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Signal Intermittent
      • DTC P0706, P0707, P0708, P1702, P1705: Transaxle Range (Tr) Sensor
      • DTC P0710, P0711, P0712, P0713, P1711, P1718, P1783: Transaxle Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
      • DTC P0715, P0717, P0718, P0720, P0721, P0722, P0725: Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor And Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensors
      • DTC P0730, P0731, P0732, P0733, P0734, P0745, P0750, P0751, P0752, P0755, P0756, P0757, P0760, P0761, P1721, P1722, P1723, P1724, P1735, P1736, P1738, P1751, P1752, P1756, P1757: Shift Solenoids
      • DTC P0743, P1719, P1737, P1741, P1742, P1743, P1744, P1745, P1746, P1747, P1749: Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
      • DTC P1714, P1715: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
      • DTC P1745, P1746, P1747, P1748: Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
      • DTC P1780: Transaxle Control Switch (TCS) Or Transaxle Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL) Circuit Malfunction
      • DTC P1788, P1789: 3-2T/CCS Solenoid
      • Automatic Transaxle Symptom Troubleshooting Chart
        • Diagnosis Index
        • Pinpoint Test 1: No Forward Engagement Only
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 2: No Reverse Engagement (No Movement)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 3: Harsh Engagement
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 4: Delayed/Soft Engagement
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 5: No Forward And No Reverse Engagements (No Vehicle Movement)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 6: Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 7: Shift Concern: Timing - Early/Late
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 8: Shift Concern: Erratic
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 9: Shift Concern: Feel - Soft/Slipping
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 10: Shift Concern: Feel - Harsh
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 11: Shift Concerns: No First Gear Engages In Higher Gear (D Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 12: Shift Concerns: No First Gear In 1 Range (First Gear In D Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 13: Shift Concerns: No 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 14: Shift Concerns: No 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 15: Shift Concerns: No 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 16: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 17: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 18: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 19: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 20: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 21: Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-1 Shift (Automatic Or Kick-Down)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 22: Shift Concerns: Harsh 1-2 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 23: Shift Concerns: Harsh 2-3 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 24: Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-4 Shift
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 25: Shift Concerns: Harsh 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 26: Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 27: Shift Concerns: Torque Converter Clutch: Does Not Apply
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 28: Torque Converter Clutch: Always Applied/May Stall Engine
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 29: Poor Vehicle Acceleration/Performance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 30: Engine Will Not Crank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 31: No P Position
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 32: Transaxle Overheating
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 33: No Engine Braking In First Gear (1 Range)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 34: No Engine Braking In 2 Range
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 35: Vehicle Movement With Gear Selector In N Position
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 36: Shift Efforts High
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 37: External Leaks
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 38: Noise/Vibration - Forward/Reverse
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 39: O/D Off Indicator Light Does Not Illuminate When O/D Off Switch Is Turned To On
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
        • Pinpoint Test 40: O/D Off Indicator Light Illuminates When O/D Off Switch Is Not Turned To On
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic procedure
    • Technical Data [Transmission)
      • Specifications
        • Automatic Transaxle
          • Fluid Specification
          • Fluid Capacity
          • Reference: Pressure Chart No. 401
          • Reference: Clutch/Band Application Chart No. 601
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear
          • Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Forward/Coast Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Direct Clutch Pack Clearance (4 Friction Plates)
          • Pump Gear End Clearance
          • Pump Assembly Rotating Torque
          • Low/Reverse Clutch Pack Clearance
          • Intermediate and Overdrive Servo
          • Intermediate/Overdrive Servo Apply Rod
          • Reverse/Overdrive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Low/Intermediate Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Final Drive Carrier Assembly Pinion Gear End Play
          • Gear Ratios
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Pressure Plate
          • General Specifications
        • Clutch Disc
          • General Specifications
        • Manual Transaxle
          • General Specifications
• External Pages