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No. 19 Exhaust Smoke: Notes

NO. 19 EXHAUST SMOKE DESCRIPTION AND POSSIBLE CAUSES (SKYACTIV-G 2.0, SKYACTIV-G 2.5)

19  EXHAUST SMOKE 
DESCRIPTION 
  • Blue, black, or white smoke from exhaust system.
POSSIBLE CAUSE  Blue smoke (Burning oil): 
  • PCV valve malfunction
  • Engine internal oil leakage

White smoke (Water in combustion): 
  • Cooling system malfunction (coolant loss)
  • Engine internal coolant leakage

Black smoke (Rich fuel mixture): 
  • Erratic signal to PCM
    • APP sensor or related circuit malfunction
    • ECT sensor No. 1 or related circuit malfunction
    • IAT sensor No. 1 (integrated in MAF sensor/IAT sensor No. 1) or related circuit malfunction
    • MAF sensor or related circuit malfunction
    • MAP sensor or related circuit malfunction
    • A/F sensor or related circuit malfunction
    • HO2S or related circuit malfunction
    • TP sensor or related circuit malfunction
  • Improper fuel injection timing and amount
  • Air cleaner restriction
  • Intake-air system is collapsed or restricted
  • Leakage at engine intake manifold and/or exhaust manifold
  • Inadequate/Excessive fuel pressure
    • Fuel pressure sensor malfunction
    • High pressure fuel pump malfunction
    • Spill valve control solenoid valve control circuit malfunction (damage to driver in PCM caused by short circuit to ground system)
    • Spill valve control solenoid valve (built-into high pressure fuel pump) malfunction
    • Relief valve (built-into high pressure fuel pump) malfunction
    • Fuel line restricted
    • Fuel pump unit malfunction
  • Ignition system malfunction
  • Improper engine compression
  • Improper intake valve timing
  • Improper exhaust valve timing
  • Injector driver (built-into PCM) malfunction
WARNING: The following troubleshooting flow chart contains the fuel system diagnosis and repair procedures. Read the following warnings before performing the fuel system services:
  • Fuel vapor is hazardous. It can easily ignite, causing serious injury and damage. Always keep sparks and flames away from fuel.
  • Fuel line spills and leakage are dangerous. Fuel can ignite and cause serious injury or death and damage. Fuel can also irritate skin and eyes. To prevent this, always complete "BEFORE SERVICE PRECAUTION" and "AFTER SERVICE PRECAUTION" described in this manual. (See BEFORE SERVICE PRECAUTION .) (See AFTER SERVICE PRECAUTION .)
CAUTION:
  • Disconnecting/connecting the quick release connector without cleaning it may possibly cause damage to the fuel pipe and quick release connector. Always clean the quick release connector joint area before disconnecting/connecting, and make sure that it is free of foreign matter.
CAUTION:
  • Verify the malfunction symptom according to not only the PID value but also the symptom troubleshooting.
RELATED PIDS

Item (definition) Unit/Condition Definition Condition/Specification (Reference)
APP1 % Accelerator pedal opening angle (absolute value) input from APP sensor No. 1
  • Accelerator pedal released: Approx. 15%
  • Accelerator pedal fully depressed: Approx. 82%
V APP sensor No. 1 voltage
  • Accelerator pedal released: Approx. 0.75 V
  • Accelerator pedal fully depressed: Approx. 4.1 V
APP2 % Accelerator pedal opening angle (absolute value) input from APP sensor No. 2
  • Accelerator pedal released: Approx. 7.45%
  • Accelerator pedal fully depressed: Approx. 41%
V APP sensor No. 2 voltage
  • Accelerator pedal released: Approx. 0.38 V
  • Accelerator pedal fully depressed: Approx. 2.05 V
ECT °C, °F Engine coolant temperature
  • Displays ECT
V ECT sensor No. 1 voltage
  • ECT is 20 °C {68 °F}: Approx. 3.10 V
  • ECT is 40 °C {104 °F}: Approx. 2.16 V
  • ECT is 60 °C {140 °F}: Approx. 1.40 V
  • ECT is 80 °C {176 °F}: Approx. 0.87 V
  • ECT is 100 °C {212 °F}: Approx. 0.54 V
FUEL_PRES KPa {MPa}, mBar {Bar}, psi, in H20 Fuel pressure
  • Displays fuel pressure
V Fuel pressure sensor voltage
  • Fuel pressure is 3.0 MPa (31 kgf/cm2 , 435 psi}: Approx. 0.92 V
  • Fuel pressure is 4.8 MPa {49 kgf/cm2 , 696 psi}: Approx. 1.17 V
IAT °C, °F Intake air temperature (No. 1)
  • Displays IAT (No. 1)
V IAT sensor No. 1 voltage
  • IAT is 20 °C {68 °F}: Approx. 2.70 V
  • IAT is 40 °C {104 °F}: Approx. 1.80 V
  • IAT is 60 °C {140 °F}: Approx. 1.20 V
LOAD % Ratio of actual amount of intake air to the maximum air charging amount (mass volume) of cylinder
  • Idle (after warm up): Approx. 17.64%
  • Racing (engine speed is 2, 000 rpm): Approx. 14.51%
  • Racing (engine speed is 4, 000 rpm): Approx. 21.17%
LONGFT1 % Fuel learning correction amount estimated based on A/F sensor signal
  • Idle (after warm up): Approx. -2.34%
  • Racing (engine speed is 2, 000 rpm): Approx. -0.78%
  • Racing (engine speed is 4, 000 rpm): Approx. -0.78%
MAF g/Sec Mass air flow
  • Displays MAF
V MAF sensor voltage
  • Ignition switched ON (engine off) (MAF: 0.59 g/s {0.078 lb/min}): Approx. 0.72 V
  • Idle (after warm up) (MAF: 2.17 g/s {0.287 lb/min}): Approx. 0.86 V
  • Racing (engine speed is 2, 000 rpm) (MAF: 4.73 g/s {0.626 lb/min}): Approx. 1.07 V
MAP KPa {MPa}, mBar {Bar}, psi, in H20 Manifold absolute pressure
  • Displays MAP
V
  • Switch ignition ON (engine off) (MAP: 101 kPa {1.03 kgf/cm2 , 14.6 psi}): Approx. 4.07 V
  • Idle (after warm up) (MAP: 33 kPa {0.34 kgf/cm2 , 4.8 psi}): Approx. 1.34 V
  • Racing (engine speed is 2, 000 rpm) (MAP: 26 kPa {0.27 kgf/cm2 , 3.8 psi}): Approx. 1.05 V
O2S11 μA A/F sensor current
  • Idle (after warm up): Approx. -39 μA
  • Deceleration fuel cut (accelerator pedal released from engine speed of 4, 000 rpm or more): Approx. 3.84 mA
O2S12 V HO2S voltage
  • Idle (after warm up): 0-1.0 V
  • Deceleration fuel cut (accelerator pedal released from engine speed of 4, 000 rpm or more): Approx. 0 V
RPM RPM Engine speed
  • Displays engine speed
SHRTFT1 % Fuel feedback correction amount estimated based on A/F sensor signal
  • Idle (after warm up): Approx. 1.56%
  • Racing (engine speed is 2, 000 rpm): Approx. -3.12%
  • Racing (engine speed is 4, 000 rpm): Approx. -8.59%
TP_REL % Throttle valve opening angle (relative value) with value at throttle valve fully open timing as the start point
  • Accelerator pedal released: Approx. 12%
  • Accelerator pedal fully depressed: Approx. 82%
VSS KPH, MPH Vehicle speed
  • Displays vehicle speed
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