Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Automatic Transmissions - 4F20E Electronic Controls
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
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      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
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    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Timers & Relays
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
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      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
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      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
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  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Outside temperature sensor connector end view (C100)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C102)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C103)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C104)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C105)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C107)
        • Dropping resistor connector end view (C108)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C109)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C111)
        • Knock sensor 1 connector end view (C113)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C115)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C116)
        • Generator connector end view (C117)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C120)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C121)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C122)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C123)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C124)
        • Second horn connector end view (C126)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C127)
        • Horn connector end view (C128)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch connector end view (C129)
        • Turn lamp, left front connector end view (C130)
        • Turn lamp, right front connector end view (C131)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134a)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134b)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)/ Barometric Pressure (BARO) sensor connector end view (C137)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C138)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C141)
        • Resistor connector end view (C142)
        • Power steering pressure switch connector end view (C143)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C144)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146a)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146b)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C148)
        • Inline Connector end view (C149)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 2 connector end view (C150)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) / Barometric Pressure (BARO) solenoid connector end view (C151)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C153)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C154)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C155)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C156)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C157)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C159)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Transmission Range (TR) sensor connector end view (C161)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C162)
        • Throttle position switch connector end view (C163)
        • Pulse signal generator connector end view (C164)
        • Transaxle solenoid assembly/transaxle fluid temperature connector end view (C165)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C166)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C167)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C168)
        • Inline Connector end view (C170)
        • Inline Connector end view (C171)
        • Inline Connector end view (C172)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) connector end view (C174)
        • Inline Connector end view (C175)
        • A/C relay connector end view (C176)
        • Start inhibit relay connector end view (C178)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C179)
        • High speed fan control relay 2 connector end view (C180)
        • High speed fan control relay 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C182)
        • Bulb check relay connector end view (C183)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C184)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 1 connector end view (C190)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C191)
        • A/C Compressor clutch diode connector end view (C192)
        • Anti...theft relay connector end view (C193)
        • Inline Connector end view (C195)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C196)
        • Inline Connector end view (C197)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C198)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), rear connector end view (C199)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C200)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C202)
        • Climate control panel, front connector end view (C203)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C204)
        • Rear blower motor switch (front) connector end view (C205)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C206)
        • Front blower motor switch connector end view (C207)
        • Diode connector end view (C208)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Footwell lamp, left front connector end view (C215)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C218)
        • Mode actuator connector end view (C220)
        • Blend door actuator, front connector end view (C221)
        • Transmission control switch connector end view (C222)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224b)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C227)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C228)
        • Front blower motor relay connector end view (C230)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C231)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C232)
        • Ignition relay connector end view (C233)
        • Tail lamp relay connector end view (C234)
        • Inline Connector end view (C236)
        • CD changer connector end view (C237)
        • Fog lamp switch connector end view (C240)
        • Circuit breaker 1 connector end view (C242)
        • Circuit breaker 2 connector end view (C244)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C246)
        • Speed control actuator module connector end view (C247)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C249)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C250)
        • Footwell lamp, right front connector end view (C251)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C254)
        • Inline Connector end view (C255)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C257)
        • Headlamp switch connector end view (C258)
        • Inline Connector end view (C259)
        • Illumination dimmer connector end view (C260)
        • Air inlet door actuator connector end view (C261)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C263)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C264)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C265)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267c)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C268)
        • Inline Connector end view (C269)
        • Inline Connector end view (C271)
        • Inline Connector end view (C272)
        • Inline Connector end view (C273)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C275)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277a)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277b)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C278)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C279)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C280)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C281)
        • Steering wheel radio switch connector end view (C283)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C284)
        • Inline Connector end view (C285)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C288)
        • Rear window defrost switch connector end view (C290)
        • ABS Diode connector end view (C291)
        • Hazard flasher switch connector end view (C292)
        • Horn switch connector end view (C293)
        • Inline Connector end view (C294)
        • Inline Connector end view (C295)
        • Inline Connector end view (C303)
        • Safety belt buckle switch connector end view (C304)
        • Inline Connector end view (C305)
        • Door ajar switch, left front connector end view (C306)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, passenger side connector end view (C307)
        • Power point, rear connector end view (C309)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311b)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) connector end view (C312)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, right connector end view (C313)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, left sliding door connector end view (C315)
        • Rear blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C319)
        • Radio control, rear connector end view (C320)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C321)
        • Inline Connector end view (C322)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C323)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, right sliding door connector end view (C327)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C330)
        • Door ajar switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Inline Connector end view (C332)
        • Inline Connector end view (C333)
        • Inline Connector end view (C334)
        • Blower motor, rear connector end view (C337)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) lamp connector end view (C338)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Inline Connector end view (C341)
        • Inline Connector end view (C342)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C343)
        • Inline Connector end view (C344)
        • Inline Connector end view (C345)
        • Inline Connector end view (C346)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C347)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C348)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C349)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C350)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C351)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C352)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C353)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C354)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C355)
        • Inline Connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C358)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C359)
        • Power seat switch, right connector end view (C360)
        • Trailer tow control unit connector end view (C361)
        • Trailer tow connector end view (C362)
        • Inline Connector end view (C363)
        • Seat belt tensioner, driver seat connector end view (C367)
        • Seat belt tensioner, passenger seat connector end view (C368)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369b)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C370)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, left connector end view (C372)
        • EVAP canister purge vacuum cut valve bypass solenoid connector end view (C374)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C375)
        • EVAP pressure sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Seat forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C380)
        • Height up/down sensor, front connector end view (C381)
        • Backrest forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C382)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C389)
        • Video cassette player connector end view (C392)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393b)
        • Video display connector end view (C395)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear connector end view (C400)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear connector end view (C401)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C402)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C403)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, right connector end view (C407)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C410)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C411)
        • Liftgate lamp connector end view (C415)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, left connector end view (C416)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, liftgate connector end view (C417)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C418)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C420)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C421)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C424)
        • Key lock switch, liftgate connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C435)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C438)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C439)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C501)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502b)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C503)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C508)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C509)
        • Door entry lamp, driver side front connector end view (C510)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, driver side connector end view (C511)
        • Key lock switch, driver side connector end view (C515)
        • Memory set switch connector end view (C521)
        • Tweeter, left front connector end view (C527)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C601)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C603)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger connector end view (C607)
        • Power window switch, passenger side connector end view (C608)
        • Door entry lamp, passenger side front connector end view (C610)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, passenger side connector end view (C611)
        • Key lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614b)
        • Tweeter, right front connector end view (C616)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C901)
        • Map reading lamp connector end view (C904)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C905)
        • Interior lamp, front connector end view (C907)
        • Interior lamp, rear connector end view (C908)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C910)
        • Roof opening panel motor assembly connector end view (C914)
        • Inline Connector end view (C920)
        • Reading lamp, rear connector end view (C921)
        • Reading lamp, front connector end view (C922)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) joint connector end view (C1000)
        • Idle Speed Control (ISC) connector end view (C1003)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003a)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003b)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2005)
        • Speed control actuator switch, steering wheel connector end view (C2007)
        • Joint connector 2 connector end view (C2011)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C2012)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2013)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C2014)
        • Temperature door variable resistor connector end view (C2015)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C2016)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, driver side connector end view (C2017)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C2018)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C2019)
        • Anti...theft ON indicator connector end view (C2020)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2021)
        • Audio joint connector end view (C2025)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026a)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026b)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026c)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028b)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032a)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2033)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C2035)
        • Sunload senor connector end view (C2036)
        • Ignition key switch connector end view (C2039)
        • Joint connector 3 connector end view (C2040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2045)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2048)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2049)
        • Resistor B connector end view (C2050)
        • Resistor A connector end view (C2051)
        • Climate control panel lamp, front connector end view (C2060)
        • Power point, console 1 connector end view (C3008)
        • Power point, console 2 connector end view (C3009)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 3.3L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Remote Convenience
      • Description And Operation
        • Universal Transmitter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Universal Transmitter
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Universal Transmitter Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Programming
          • Notes
          • Erasing Channels
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • System Arming
            • Triggering the Anti-Theft System
            • Disarming an Untriggered System
            • Deactivating a Triggered System
            • Anti-Theft Indicator
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Alarm System Does Not Arm Or Disarm Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly - Engine Will Not Crank
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Never On - Does Not Illuminate To Indicate Arming
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Alarm System Does Not Disarm
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Driver Door Lock Cylinder Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Liftgate Lock Cylinder Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Door Locks
            • Child Safety Lock
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Door Locks Are Inoperative-Two Or More
            • Pinpoint Test C: All The Locks Operate From One Switch Only - Door Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test E: All The Locks Operate From One Switch Only - Knob Switch
          • Component Test
            • Switch-Door Lock/Unlock
      • General Procedures
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Latch Adjustment - Liftgate Cable
        • Latch Adjustment - Lock Rod Bellcrank
        • Latch Adjustment - Liftgate Window
        • Latch Adjustment - Sliding Door Cable
      • Removal And Installation
        • Latch - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Front, Sliding Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Latch - Rear, Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Liftgate Window
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Hood
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Interior, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Exterior, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Interior, Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Exterior, Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Hood Release
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch Remote Control - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch Remote Control - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Power Door Lock, Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Power Door Lock, Sliding Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Power Lock, Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network
      • Description And Operation
        • Communications Network
          • Component Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • System Precheck
            • Pinpoint Test Pc: Check Communications With The All Modules
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool - Transmission Control Module (TCM)
            • Pinpoint Test D: No Module/Network Communication - Unable To Communicate With Any Module
            • Pinpoint Test E: No Module/Network Communication - No Power To The Diagnostic Tool Through DLC C2018
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Module
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Multifunction Electronic Module
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module - Driver Seat (DSM)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module - Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Vehicle Speed Control
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Speed Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Speed Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Speed Control System
            • Deactivator Switch
            • Steering Wheel Clockspring
            • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Speed Control Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Set Speed Fluctuates
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On - Cruise Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On - Set Indicator
      • General Procedures
        • Cable Adjustment
        • Switch Adjustment - Deactivator
      • Removal And Installation
        • Actuator - Speed Control Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Speed Control Servo
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Speed Control Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Deactivator
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Headlamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative - Both Sides
            • Pinpoint Test B: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative - One Side
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Beams Are Inoperative - High Beams Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The High Beams Are Inoperative - Low Beams Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Autolamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Autolamps
              • Automatic Illumination
              • Autolamps - Shut-Off Delay
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test I: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The AUTOLAMP Time Delay Is Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test K: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - Not All STOPLAMPS
            • Pinpoint Test M: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On - The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Never On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On-Hazard Flasher Lamps Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Never On - The Turn Signal Lamps Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Q: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Cornering Lamps Are Never On - Both
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Cornering Lamps Are Never On - One Side
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Cornering Lamps Are Always On - One Or More
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are Inoperative - All
            • Pinpoint Test V: The AUTOLAMPS Operate, But Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test W: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Is Inoperative-Not All
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Trailer Lamps
            • Trailer Tow Control Unit
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The Individual Trailer Lamp Is Inoperative - STOPLAMP Or Turn Signal
            • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Trailer Lamps Are On Continuously - STOPLAMP Or Turn Signal
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
            • All headlamp types
          • Mechanical Aiming
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Parking Lamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Rear Lamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Multifunction
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Hazard Warning Flasher
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Brake Pedal Position (BPP)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Photocell - Autolamp Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module - Lighting Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Information And Message Center
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Information And Message Center
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly - Outside Air Temperature
      • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Message Center
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Outside Air Temperature Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • New Instrument Cluster Installation
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Speedometer/Odometer
            • Tachometer
            • Warning Indicators
              • Air Bag
            • Anti-Lock Brakes
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Door Ajar
            • Low Fuel
            • Low Oil Pressure
            • Low Washer Fluid
            • Overdrive Off
            • Speed Control - CRUISE Indicator
            • Speed Control - SET Indicator
            • Safety Belt
            • LH and RH Turn, Hazard
            • High Beam
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Self-Test Mode
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The LH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The RH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Service Engine Soon Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Low Washer Fluid Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On - Cruise Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On - Set Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Overdrive Off Indicator Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster - Electronic
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster-Electronic
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster-Electronic
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster - Electronic
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Speedometer/Odometer
            • Tachometer
            • Warning Indicators
              • Air Bag
            • Anti-Lock Brakes
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Door Ajar
            • Low Fuel
            • Low Oil Pressure
            • Low Washer Fluid
            • Overdrive Off
            • Speed Control
            • Safety Belt
            • LH and RH Turn, Hazard
            • High Beam
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is
            • Pinpoint Test I: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Low Oil Pressure
            • Pinpoint Test J: An Indicator Is Always On - Low Oil Pressure
            • Pinpoint Test K: An Indicator Is Inoperative - LH Turn
            • Pinpoint Test L: An Indicator Is Inoperative - RH Turn
            • Pinpoint Test M: An Indicator Is Inoperative - High Beam
            • Pinpoint Test N: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Service Engine Soon
            • Pinpoint Test O: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Low Washer Fluid
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test S: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Overdrive Off
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster-Electronic
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Conventional
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Electronic/Message Center
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb-Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
        • Console - Overhead
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
            • All vehicles
          • Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Instrument Panel - Support
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Steering Column Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal and Installation
        • Console - Overhead
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glove Compartment
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Single Power Window Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Vent Power Window Is Inoperative - Quarter Window Glass Power Latch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Back Window Will Not Defrost
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Back Window Defrost Will Not Shut Off Automatically
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
          • Material
        • Lead Terminal Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Windshield Reseal
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Master Window Door Lock/Unlock
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Quarter Vent
          • Removal and Installation
            • Manual Latch
        • Window Glass - Liftgate, Fixed
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Liftgate, Opening
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Quarter Window Regulator Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Motor and Window Regulator - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Run Retainer
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Horns
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Horn
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
    • Removal And Installation
      • Horn
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch -Steering Wheel Pad Horn
        • Removal and Installation
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Trim and Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel-Sliding Door Track
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel-B-Pillar, Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel-B-Pillar, Lower
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel-C-Pillar
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Lower Quarter
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel-D-Pillar
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Liftgate, Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Conventional
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Electronic/Message Center
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb-Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Lighting
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test F: An Individual Demand Lighting Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: All Battery Saver Components Do Not Operate
      • Removal And Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Map
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Reading
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Side Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Memory Modules
    • Seating
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Bucket Seats
          • Second Row Bucket Seats
          • Second Row Bench Seat
          • Third Row Bench Seat
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Driver Seat Module
            • Memory Seats
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Moves But Is Loose
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontal/Vertical - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontal/Vertical - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Memory Seat Switch Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative - Does Not Operate From The Remote Transmitter Only
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly - Memory Seat Will Change Position From The Memory Set Switch While Driving
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Power Seat Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Second Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Power Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Second Row
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Front Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Front Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Second Row, With Integral Child Safety Seats
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Second Row Bench Without Integral Child Safety Seat
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bench
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat -Back, Second Row Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Third Row Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Third Row Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Mirrors
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Rear View Mirrors
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Driver Seat Module
          • Memory Exterior Rear View Mirrors
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative - Power/Heated
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Mirrors Are Inoperative - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - Power/Heated
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - Power/Heated
            • Pinpoint Test F: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative - The Memory Mirror Position Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative - Does Not Operate From The Remote Transmitter Only
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Heated Exterior Mirror Does Not Defrost
          • Component Test
            • Switch - Power Mirror
      • Removal And Installation
        • Mirror - Exterior Rear View
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Interior Rear View
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Interior Rear View Mirror Bracket
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Seating
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Bucket Seats
          • Second Row Bucket Seats
          • Second Row Bench Seat
          • Third Row Bench Seat
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Driver Seat Module
            • Memory Seats
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Moves But Is Loose
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontal/Vertical - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontal/Vertical - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Memory Seat Switch Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative - Does Not Operate From The Remote Transmitter Only
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly - Memory Seat Will Change Position From The Memory Set Switch While Driving
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Power Seat Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Second Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Power Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Second Row
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Front Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Front Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Second Row, With Integral Child Safety Seats
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Second Row Bench Without Integral Child Safety Seat
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bench
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat -Back, Second Row Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Third Row Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Third Row Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Horn
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Removal And Installation
        • Horn
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch -Steering Wheel Pad Horn
          • Removal and Installation
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column Switches
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Notes
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Pinpoint Test A: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Acc
            • Pinpoint Test C: Pinpoint Test C: No Power In Run
            • Pinpoint Test D: Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start
          • Component Test
            • Ignition Switch Continuity Check
            • Multifunction Switch
            • Ignition Switch Mechanical Test
      • Removal And Installation
        • Multifunction Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Warning Systems
    • Warning Devices
      • Description And Operation
        • Warning Devices
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Warning Devices
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Safety Belt Warning Chime
            • Key-In Ignition Warning Chime
            • Headlamp-On Reminder Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • PINPOINT TEST A: All THE CHIMES ARE INOPERATIVE
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamp-On Reminder Chime Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Single Power Window Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Vent Power Window Is Inoperative - Quarter Window Glass Power Latch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Back Window Will Not Defrost
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Back Window Defrost Will Not Shut Off Automatically
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
          • Material
        • Lead Terminal Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Windshield Reseal
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Master Window Door Lock/Unlock
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Quarter Vent
          • Removal and Installation
            • Manual Latch
        • Window Glass - Liftgate, Fixed
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Liftgate, Opening
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Quarter Window Regulator Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Motor and Window Regulator - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Run Retainer
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wipers And Washers
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wipers And Washers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers And Washers
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative - Front
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Are Inoperative - All Control Positions
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly (Intermittent Wiper Mode OK)
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Low Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly (Intermittent Wiper Mode OK)
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly (High/Low Speed OK)
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Wipers Will Not Park At The Correct Position
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative - Rear Wiper
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Wipers Are Inoperative - Rear Wiper Without Movable Liftgate Glass
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Wipers Are Inoperative - Rear Wiper With Movable Liftgate Glass
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Wipers Will Not Park At The Correct Position - Rear Wiper Without Movable Liftgate Glass
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Wipers Stay On Continuously - Rear Wiper
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Wipers Will Not Park At The Correct Position - Rear Wiper Will Not Move Into The Liftgate Glass Open Position
          • Component Test
            • Windshield Wiper Motor
      • General Procedures
        • Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment -Rear
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pivot Arm -Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pivot Arm -Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Rear Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mounting Arm and Pivot Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor-Front Windshield Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Washer Pump -Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Reservoir-Windshield Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module -Wiper/Washer Amplifier Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • System Arming
            • Triggering the Anti-Theft System
            • Disarming an Untriggered System
            • Deactivating a Triggered System
            • Anti-Theft Indicator
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Alarm System Does Not Arm Or Disarm Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly - Engine Will Not Crank
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Never On - Does Not Illuminate To Indicate Arming
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Alarm System Does Not Disarm
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Driver Door Lock Cylinder Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Liftgate Lock Cylinder Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Door Locks
            • Child Safety Lock
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Door Locks Are Inoperative-Two Or More
            • Pinpoint Test C: All The Locks Operate From One Switch Only - Door Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test E: All The Locks Operate From One Switch Only - Knob Switch
          • Component Test
            • Switch-Door Lock/Unlock
      • General Procedures
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Latch Adjustment - Liftgate Cable
        • Latch Adjustment - Lock Rod Bellcrank
        • Latch Adjustment - Liftgate Window
        • Latch Adjustment - Sliding Door Cable
      • Removal And Installation
        • Latch - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Front, Sliding Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Latch - Rear, Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Liftgate Window
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch - Hood
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Interior, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Exterior, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Interior, Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Exterior, Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Handle - Hood Release
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lock Cylinder - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch Remote Control - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Latch Remote Control - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Power Door Lock, Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Power Door Lock, Sliding Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Power Lock, Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Closures
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Body Closures
      • General Procedures
        • Hinge Adjustment - Front Door, Fore and Aft
        • Hinge Adjustment - Front Door, Horizontal and Vertical
        • Hinge Adjustment - Body Side Sliding Door
        • Hinge Adjustment - Liftgate
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door - Body Side Sliding
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Front End Body Panels
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front End Body Panels
      • General Procedures
        • Hood Alignment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Splash Shield
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fender -Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cowl -Grille
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Trim and Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel-Sliding Door Track
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel-B-Pillar, Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel-B-Pillar, Lower
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel-C-Pillar
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Lower Quarter
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel-D-Pillar
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Liftgate, Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
  • Mirrors
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Rear View Mirrors
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Driver Seat Module
          • Memory Exterior Rear View Mirrors
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative - Power/Heated
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Mirrors Are Inoperative - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - Power/Heated
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - Power/Heated
            • Pinpoint Test F: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative - The Memory Mirror Position Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative - Does Not Operate From The Remote Transmitter Only
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Heated Exterior Mirror Does Not Defrost
          • Component Test
            • Switch - Power Mirror
      • Removal And Installation
        • Mirror - Exterior Rear View
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Interior Rear View
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mirror - Interior Rear View Mirror Bracket
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Seating
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Bucket Seats
          • Second Row Bucket Seats
          • Second Row Bench Seat
          • Third Row Bench Seat
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Driver Seat Module
            • Memory Seats
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Moves But Is Loose
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontal/Vertical - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontal/Vertical - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - LH, RH
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Memory
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Memory Seat Switch Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative - Does Not Operate From The Remote Transmitter Only
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly - Memory Seat Will Change Position From The Memory Set Switch While Driving
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Power Seat Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Second Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest-Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Front Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Power Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Second Row
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Second Row Bucket
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Cushion, Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat-Track, Third Row Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Front Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Front Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Second Row, With Integral Child Safety Seats
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Second Row Bench Without Integral Child Safety Seat
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bench
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat -Back, Second Row Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Second Row Bucket
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Cushion, Third Row Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat-Back, Third Row Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Roof Opening Panel
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Roof Opening Panel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Roof Opening Panel
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Notes
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
      • General Procedures
        • Water Drainage System Check and Water Leak Corrections
        • Height Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Panel-Roof Opening, Glass
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Opening Shield
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trough Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Windows
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
        • Ignition Switch
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Power Window Switches
        • Power Seat Switch
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Illumination Dimmer
        • Relays
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Single Power Window Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Vent Power Window Is Inoperative - Quarter Window Glass Power Latch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Back Window Will Not Defrost
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Back Window Defrost Will Not Shut Off Automatically
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
          • Material
        • Lead Terminal Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Windshield Reseal
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Master Window Door Lock/Unlock
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Quarter Vent
          • Removal and Installation
            • Manual Latch
        • Window Glass - Liftgate, Fixed
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Liftgate, Opening
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Quarter Window Regulator Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Motor and Window Regulator - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Run Retainer
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Control
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
            • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC 18 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Indicator Output Failure
            • PINPOINT TEST D: DTC 21 (RF), 22 (RF), 25 (LF), 26 (LF), 31 (Reidentifying R), 32 (RR), 35 (LR), 36 (LR) - ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SENSOR CIRCUIT FAILURE
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 41 (RF Outlet), 42 (RF Inlet), 45 (LF Outlet), 46 (LF Inlet), 51 (RR Outlet), 52 (RR Inlet), 55 (Rear Outlet), 56 (Rear Inlet) - Hydraulic Control Unit Valve Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 57 - Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 61 - Pump Motor Or Pump Motor Relay Failure
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 63 - Solenoid Valve Relay
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 71 - Ecu Internal Failure
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test K: Soft/Excessive Pedal Travel
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit -Electronic
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor -Front Right
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor -Front Left
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor -Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor Indicator -Front
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor Indicator -Rear
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Caliper
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Drums
          • Brake Shoes
          • Brake Lines and Tubes
          • Non-Pressure Leaks
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
          • Brake Booster
          • Parking Brake
            • Notes
            • Brake Load Leveling Proportioning Valve
            • Visual Inspection Chart
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Red Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Check Valve
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
            • Notes
            • Non-Pressure Leaks
            • Compensator Port Check
          • Brake Load Sensor Proportioning Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Bleeding - Hydraulic System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Bleeding - Brake Master Cylinder, In -Vehicle Procedure
          • Bleeding - Pressure
          • Bleeding - Gravity
          • Bleeding - Manual
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
        • Brake Load Sensor Proportioning Valve Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Brake Pedal Free Play Adjustment
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Anti-Lock Brake System
        • Front Disc Brake
        • Hydraulic Brake System
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Parking Brake
        • Rear Drum Brakes
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding Sequence
        • System Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Manual Bleeding
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Gravity Bleeding
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder (In-Vehicle Bleed)
          • Master Cylinder (Out Of Vehicle Bleed)
          • Caliper/Wheel Cylinder
      • Adjustments
        • Brake Pedal Height
        • Brake Pedal Free Play
        • Brake Load Sensor Proportioning Valve
        • Master Cylinder Push Rod
        • Parking Brake
          • Cable Adjustment
          • Parking Brake Cable Tension Release
        • Rear Brake Shoes
        • Speed Control DEACTIVATOR Switch
        • Stoplight Switch
      • Component Tests
        • Brake Load Sensor Proportioning Valve
        • Master Cylinder
          • Bypass Condition
          • Compensator Port Check
        • Power Brake Booster
          • Notes
          • Check Valve
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Backing Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Load Sensor Proportioning Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal & Bracket
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Pads
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Shield
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder & Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Front Cable & Conduit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Rear Cable & Conduit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Brake Shoes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Brake Booster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Axle Hub Bearings
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Drum Brake Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Control
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
            • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC 18 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Indicator Output Failure
            • PINPOINT TEST D: DTC 21 (RF), 22 (RF), 25 (LF), 26 (LF), 31 (Reidentifying R), 32 (RR), 35 (LR), 36 (LR) - ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SENSOR CIRCUIT FAILURE
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 41 (RF Outlet), 42 (RF Inlet), 45 (LF Outlet), 46 (LF Inlet), 51 (RR Outlet), 52 (RR Inlet), 55 (Rear Outlet), 56 (Rear Inlet) - Hydraulic Control Unit Valve Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 57 - Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 61 - Pump Motor Or Pump Motor Relay Failure
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 63 - Solenoid Valve Relay
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 71 - Ecu Internal Failure
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test K: Soft/Excessive Pedal Travel
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit -Electronic
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor -Front Right
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor -Front Left
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor -Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor Indicator -Front
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor Indicator -Rear
          • Removal and Installation
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Description & Operation
    • Lubrication
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Symptom Diagnosis
    • Removal & Installation
      • Axle Shafts
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Right Side Axle Shaft Support Bearing
        • Removal & Installation
      • Hub Bearing
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Overhaul
      • Axle Shafts
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Reassembly
    • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Outside temperature sensor connector end view (C100)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C102)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C103)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C104)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C105)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C107)
        • Dropping resistor connector end view (C108)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C109)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C111)
        • Knock sensor 1 connector end view (C113)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C115)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C116)
        • Generator connector end view (C117)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C120)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C121)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C122)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C123)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C124)
        • Second horn connector end view (C126)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C127)
        • Horn connector end view (C128)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch connector end view (C129)
        • Turn lamp, left front connector end view (C130)
        • Turn lamp, right front connector end view (C131)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134a)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134b)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)/ Barometric Pressure (BARO) sensor connector end view (C137)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C138)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C141)
        • Resistor connector end view (C142)
        • Power steering pressure switch connector end view (C143)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C144)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146a)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146b)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C148)
        • Inline Connector end view (C149)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 2 connector end view (C150)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) / Barometric Pressure (BARO) solenoid connector end view (C151)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C153)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C154)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C155)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C156)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C157)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C159)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Transmission Range (TR) sensor connector end view (C161)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C162)
        • Throttle position switch connector end view (C163)
        • Pulse signal generator connector end view (C164)
        • Transaxle solenoid assembly/transaxle fluid temperature connector end view (C165)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C166)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C167)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C168)
        • Inline Connector end view (C170)
        • Inline Connector end view (C171)
        • Inline Connector end view (C172)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) connector end view (C174)
        • Inline Connector end view (C175)
        • A/C relay connector end view (C176)
        • Start inhibit relay connector end view (C178)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C179)
        • High speed fan control relay 2 connector end view (C180)
        • High speed fan control relay 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C182)
        • Bulb check relay connector end view (C183)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C184)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 1 connector end view (C190)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C191)
        • A/C Compressor clutch diode connector end view (C192)
        • Anti...theft relay connector end view (C193)
        • Inline Connector end view (C195)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C196)
        • Inline Connector end view (C197)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C198)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), rear connector end view (C199)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C200)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C202)
        • Climate control panel, front connector end view (C203)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C204)
        • Rear blower motor switch (front) connector end view (C205)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C206)
        • Front blower motor switch connector end view (C207)
        • Diode connector end view (C208)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Footwell lamp, left front connector end view (C215)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C218)
        • Mode actuator connector end view (C220)
        • Blend door actuator, front connector end view (C221)
        • Transmission control switch connector end view (C222)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224b)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C227)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C228)
        • Front blower motor relay connector end view (C230)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C231)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C232)
        • Ignition relay connector end view (C233)
        • Tail lamp relay connector end view (C234)
        • Inline Connector end view (C236)
        • CD changer connector end view (C237)
        • Fog lamp switch connector end view (C240)
        • Circuit breaker 1 connector end view (C242)
        • Circuit breaker 2 connector end view (C244)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C246)
        • Speed control actuator module connector end view (C247)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C249)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C250)
        • Footwell lamp, right front connector end view (C251)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C254)
        • Inline Connector end view (C255)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C257)
        • Headlamp switch connector end view (C258)
        • Inline Connector end view (C259)
        • Illumination dimmer connector end view (C260)
        • Air inlet door actuator connector end view (C261)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C263)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C264)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C265)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267c)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C268)
        • Inline Connector end view (C269)
        • Inline Connector end view (C271)
        • Inline Connector end view (C272)
        • Inline Connector end view (C273)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C275)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277a)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277b)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C278)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C279)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C280)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C281)
        • Steering wheel radio switch connector end view (C283)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C284)
        • Inline Connector end view (C285)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C288)
        • Rear window defrost switch connector end view (C290)
        • ABS Diode connector end view (C291)
        • Hazard flasher switch connector end view (C292)
        • Horn switch connector end view (C293)
        • Inline Connector end view (C294)
        • Inline Connector end view (C295)
        • Inline Connector end view (C303)
        • Safety belt buckle switch connector end view (C304)
        • Inline Connector end view (C305)
        • Door ajar switch, left front connector end view (C306)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, passenger side connector end view (C307)
        • Power point, rear connector end view (C309)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311b)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) connector end view (C312)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, right connector end view (C313)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, left sliding door connector end view (C315)
        • Rear blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C319)
        • Radio control, rear connector end view (C320)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C321)
        • Inline Connector end view (C322)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C323)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, right sliding door connector end view (C327)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C330)
        • Door ajar switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Inline Connector end view (C332)
        • Inline Connector end view (C333)
        • Inline Connector end view (C334)
        • Blower motor, rear connector end view (C337)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) lamp connector end view (C338)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Inline Connector end view (C341)
        • Inline Connector end view (C342)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C343)
        • Inline Connector end view (C344)
        • Inline Connector end view (C345)
        • Inline Connector end view (C346)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C347)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C348)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C349)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C350)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C351)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C352)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C353)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C354)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C355)
        • Inline Connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C358)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C359)
        • Power seat switch, right connector end view (C360)
        • Trailer tow control unit connector end view (C361)
        • Trailer tow connector end view (C362)
        • Inline Connector end view (C363)
        • Seat belt tensioner, driver seat connector end view (C367)
        • Seat belt tensioner, passenger seat connector end view (C368)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369b)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C370)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, left connector end view (C372)
        • EVAP canister purge vacuum cut valve bypass solenoid connector end view (C374)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C375)
        • EVAP pressure sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Seat forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C380)
        • Height up/down sensor, front connector end view (C381)
        • Backrest forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C382)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C389)
        • Video cassette player connector end view (C392)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393b)
        • Video display connector end view (C395)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear connector end view (C400)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear connector end view (C401)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C402)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C403)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, right connector end view (C407)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C410)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C411)
        • Liftgate lamp connector end view (C415)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, left connector end view (C416)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, liftgate connector end view (C417)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C418)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C420)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C421)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C424)
        • Key lock switch, liftgate connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C435)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C438)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C439)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C501)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502b)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C503)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C508)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C509)
        • Door entry lamp, driver side front connector end view (C510)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, driver side connector end view (C511)
        • Key lock switch, driver side connector end view (C515)
        • Memory set switch connector end view (C521)
        • Tweeter, left front connector end view (C527)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C601)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C603)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger connector end view (C607)
        • Power window switch, passenger side connector end view (C608)
        • Door entry lamp, passenger side front connector end view (C610)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, passenger side connector end view (C611)
        • Key lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614b)
        • Tweeter, right front connector end view (C616)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C901)
        • Map reading lamp connector end view (C904)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C905)
        • Interior lamp, front connector end view (C907)
        • Interior lamp, rear connector end view (C908)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C910)
        • Roof opening panel motor assembly connector end view (C914)
        • Inline Connector end view (C920)
        • Reading lamp, rear connector end view (C921)
        • Reading lamp, front connector end view (C922)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) joint connector end view (C1000)
        • Idle Speed Control (ISC) connector end view (C1003)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003a)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003b)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2005)
        • Speed control actuator switch, steering wheel connector end view (C2007)
        • Joint connector 2 connector end view (C2011)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C2012)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2013)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C2014)
        • Temperature door variable resistor connector end view (C2015)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C2016)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, driver side connector end view (C2017)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C2018)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C2019)
        • Anti...theft ON indicator connector end view (C2020)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2021)
        • Audio joint connector end view (C2025)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026a)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026b)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026c)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028b)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032a)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2033)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C2035)
        • Sunload senor connector end view (C2036)
        • Ignition key switch connector end view (C2039)
        • Joint connector 3 connector end view (C2040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2045)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2048)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2049)
        • Resistor B connector end view (C2050)
        • Resistor A connector end view (C2051)
        • Climate control panel lamp, front connector end view (C2060)
        • Power point, console 1 connector end view (C3008)
        • Power point, console 2 connector end view (C3009)
  • Charging Systems
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery and Cables
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Battery
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Battery Tray
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Generators & Regulators
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Generator Belt
          • Tension Adjustment
          • Deflection Adjustment
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Drain Test
        • Battery Drains That Shut Off When Battery Cable Is Disconnected Test
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
        • Base Voltage
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: System Overcharges (More Than 15.5 Volts)
        • Test B: System Is Not Charging, Charge Warning Indicator Operates Properly
        • Test C: Charge Warning Indicator On With Engine Running, System Is Charging
        • Test D: Charge System Indicator Flickers Or Operates Intermittently
        • Test E: Generator Is Noisy
        • Test F: Radio Interference
        • Test G: Battery Will Not Stay Charged
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Timers & Relays
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Central Junction Box
      • Circuit Breakers 1 & 2
      • Engine Compartment Relay Box
      • Pcm Power Relay
      • Power Window Relay
      • Rear Blower Motor Relay
  • Gauges
    • Information And Message Center
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Information And Message Center
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly - Outside Air Temperature
      • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Message Center
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Outside Air Temperature Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • New Instrument Cluster Installation
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Speedometer/Odometer
            • Tachometer
            • Warning Indicators
              • Air Bag
            • Anti-Lock Brakes
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Door Ajar
            • Low Fuel
            • Low Oil Pressure
            • Low Washer Fluid
            • Overdrive Off
            • Speed Control - CRUISE Indicator
            • Speed Control - SET Indicator
            • Safety Belt
            • LH and RH Turn, Hazard
            • High Beam
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Self-Test Mode
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The LH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The RH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Service Engine Soon Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Low Washer Fluid Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On - Cruise Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On - Set Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Overdrive Off Indicator Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster - Conventional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster - Electronic
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster-Electronic
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster-Electronic
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster - Electronic
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Speedometer/Odometer
            • Tachometer
            • Warning Indicators
              • Air Bag
            • Anti-Lock Brakes
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Door Ajar
            • Low Fuel
            • Low Oil Pressure
            • Low Washer Fluid
            • Overdrive Off
            • Speed Control
            • Safety Belt
            • LH and RH Turn, Hazard
            • High Beam
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is
            • Pinpoint Test I: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Low Oil Pressure
            • Pinpoint Test J: An Indicator Is Always On - Low Oil Pressure
            • Pinpoint Test K: An Indicator Is Inoperative - LH Turn
            • Pinpoint Test L: An Indicator Is Inoperative - RH Turn
            • Pinpoint Test M: An Indicator Is Inoperative - High Beam
            • Pinpoint Test N: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Service Engine Soon
            • Pinpoint Test O: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Low Washer Fluid
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test S: An Indicator Is Inoperative - Overdrive Off
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster-Electronic
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Conventional
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Electronic/Message Center
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb-Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
        • Console - Overhead
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
            • All vehicles
          • Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Instrument Panel - Support
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Steering Column Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal and Installation
        • Console - Overhead
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glove Compartment
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Horns
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Horn
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Horn
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
    • Removal And Installation
      • Horn
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch -Steering Wheel Pad Horn
        • Removal and Installation
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Outside temperature sensor connector end view (C100)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C102)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C103)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C104)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C105)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C107)
        • Dropping resistor connector end view (C108)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C109)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C111)
        • Knock sensor 1 connector end view (C113)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C115)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C116)
        • Generator connector end view (C117)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C120)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C121)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C122)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C123)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C124)
        • Second horn connector end view (C126)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C127)
        • Horn connector end view (C128)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch connector end view (C129)
        • Turn lamp, left front connector end view (C130)
        • Turn lamp, right front connector end view (C131)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134a)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134b)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)/ Barometric Pressure (BARO) sensor connector end view (C137)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C138)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C141)
        • Resistor connector end view (C142)
        • Power steering pressure switch connector end view (C143)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C144)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146a)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146b)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C148)
        • Inline Connector end view (C149)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 2 connector end view (C150)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) / Barometric Pressure (BARO) solenoid connector end view (C151)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C153)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C154)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C155)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C156)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C157)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C159)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Transmission Range (TR) sensor connector end view (C161)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C162)
        • Throttle position switch connector end view (C163)
        • Pulse signal generator connector end view (C164)
        • Transaxle solenoid assembly/transaxle fluid temperature connector end view (C165)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C166)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C167)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C168)
        • Inline Connector end view (C170)
        • Inline Connector end view (C171)
        • Inline Connector end view (C172)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) connector end view (C174)
        • Inline Connector end view (C175)
        • A/C relay connector end view (C176)
        • Start inhibit relay connector end view (C178)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C179)
        • High speed fan control relay 2 connector end view (C180)
        • High speed fan control relay 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C182)
        • Bulb check relay connector end view (C183)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C184)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 1 connector end view (C190)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C191)
        • A/C Compressor clutch diode connector end view (C192)
        • Anti...theft relay connector end view (C193)
        • Inline Connector end view (C195)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C196)
        • Inline Connector end view (C197)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C198)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), rear connector end view (C199)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C200)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C202)
        • Climate control panel, front connector end view (C203)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C204)
        • Rear blower motor switch (front) connector end view (C205)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C206)
        • Front blower motor switch connector end view (C207)
        • Diode connector end view (C208)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Footwell lamp, left front connector end view (C215)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C218)
        • Mode actuator connector end view (C220)
        • Blend door actuator, front connector end view (C221)
        • Transmission control switch connector end view (C222)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224b)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C227)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C228)
        • Front blower motor relay connector end view (C230)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C231)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C232)
        • Ignition relay connector end view (C233)
        • Tail lamp relay connector end view (C234)
        • Inline Connector end view (C236)
        • CD changer connector end view (C237)
        • Fog lamp switch connector end view (C240)
        • Circuit breaker 1 connector end view (C242)
        • Circuit breaker 2 connector end view (C244)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C246)
        • Speed control actuator module connector end view (C247)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C249)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C250)
        • Footwell lamp, right front connector end view (C251)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C254)
        • Inline Connector end view (C255)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C257)
        • Headlamp switch connector end view (C258)
        • Inline Connector end view (C259)
        • Illumination dimmer connector end view (C260)
        • Air inlet door actuator connector end view (C261)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C263)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C264)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C265)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267c)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C268)
        • Inline Connector end view (C269)
        • Inline Connector end view (C271)
        • Inline Connector end view (C272)
        • Inline Connector end view (C273)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C275)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277a)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277b)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C278)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C279)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C280)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C281)
        • Steering wheel radio switch connector end view (C283)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C284)
        • Inline Connector end view (C285)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C288)
        • Rear window defrost switch connector end view (C290)
        • ABS Diode connector end view (C291)
        • Hazard flasher switch connector end view (C292)
        • Horn switch connector end view (C293)
        • Inline Connector end view (C294)
        • Inline Connector end view (C295)
        • Inline Connector end view (C303)
        • Safety belt buckle switch connector end view (C304)
        • Inline Connector end view (C305)
        • Door ajar switch, left front connector end view (C306)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, passenger side connector end view (C307)
        • Power point, rear connector end view (C309)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311b)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) connector end view (C312)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, right connector end view (C313)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, left sliding door connector end view (C315)
        • Rear blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C319)
        • Radio control, rear connector end view (C320)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C321)
        • Inline Connector end view (C322)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C323)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, right sliding door connector end view (C327)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C330)
        • Door ajar switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Inline Connector end view (C332)
        • Inline Connector end view (C333)
        • Inline Connector end view (C334)
        • Blower motor, rear connector end view (C337)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) lamp connector end view (C338)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Inline Connector end view (C341)
        • Inline Connector end view (C342)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C343)
        • Inline Connector end view (C344)
        • Inline Connector end view (C345)
        • Inline Connector end view (C346)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C347)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C348)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C349)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C350)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C351)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C352)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C353)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C354)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C355)
        • Inline Connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C358)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C359)
        • Power seat switch, right connector end view (C360)
        • Trailer tow control unit connector end view (C361)
        • Trailer tow connector end view (C362)
        • Inline Connector end view (C363)
        • Seat belt tensioner, driver seat connector end view (C367)
        • Seat belt tensioner, passenger seat connector end view (C368)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369b)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C370)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, left connector end view (C372)
        • EVAP canister purge vacuum cut valve bypass solenoid connector end view (C374)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C375)
        • EVAP pressure sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Seat forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C380)
        • Height up/down sensor, front connector end view (C381)
        • Backrest forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C382)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C389)
        • Video cassette player connector end view (C392)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393b)
        • Video display connector end view (C395)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear connector end view (C400)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear connector end view (C401)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C402)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C403)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, right connector end view (C407)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C410)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C411)
        • Liftgate lamp connector end view (C415)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, left connector end view (C416)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, liftgate connector end view (C417)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C418)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C420)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C421)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C424)
        • Key lock switch, liftgate connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C435)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C438)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C439)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C501)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502b)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C503)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C508)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C509)
        • Door entry lamp, driver side front connector end view (C510)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, driver side connector end view (C511)
        • Key lock switch, driver side connector end view (C515)
        • Memory set switch connector end view (C521)
        • Tweeter, left front connector end view (C527)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C601)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C603)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger connector end view (C607)
        • Power window switch, passenger side connector end view (C608)
        • Door entry lamp, passenger side front connector end view (C610)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, passenger side connector end view (C611)
        • Key lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614b)
        • Tweeter, right front connector end view (C616)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C901)
        • Map reading lamp connector end view (C904)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C905)
        • Interior lamp, front connector end view (C907)
        • Interior lamp, rear connector end view (C908)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C910)
        • Roof opening panel motor assembly connector end view (C914)
        • Inline Connector end view (C920)
        • Reading lamp, rear connector end view (C921)
        • Reading lamp, front connector end view (C922)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) joint connector end view (C1000)
        • Idle Speed Control (ISC) connector end view (C1003)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003a)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003b)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2005)
        • Speed control actuator switch, steering wheel connector end view (C2007)
        • Joint connector 2 connector end view (C2011)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C2012)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2013)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C2014)
        • Temperature door variable resistor connector end view (C2015)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C2016)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, driver side connector end view (C2017)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C2018)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C2019)
        • Anti...theft ON indicator connector end view (C2020)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2021)
        • Audio joint connector end view (C2025)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026a)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026b)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026c)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028b)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032a)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2033)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C2035)
        • Sunload senor connector end view (C2036)
        • Ignition key switch connector end view (C2039)
        • Joint connector 3 connector end view (C2040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2045)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2048)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2049)
        • Resistor B connector end view (C2050)
        • Resistor A connector end view (C2051)
        • Climate control panel lamp, front connector end view (C2060)
        • Power point, console 1 connector end view (C3008)
        • Power point, console 2 connector end view (C3009)
  • Starters
    • Description
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
      • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
    • Component Tests
      • Anti-Theft Relay
      • Start Inhibit Relay
    • On-Vehicle Testing
      • Notes
      • Voltage Drop Test
      • Starter Ground Circuit Test
    • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Motor
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
    • Starter Specifications
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Outside temperature sensor connector end view (C100)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C102)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C103)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C104)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C105)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C107)
        • Dropping resistor connector end view (C108)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C109)
        • Washer fluid level switch connector end view (C111)
        • Knock sensor 1 connector end view (C113)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C115)
        • Starter motor connector end view (C116)
        • Generator connector end view (C117)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C120)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C121)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C122)
        • Side lamp, right front connector end view (C123)
        • Side lamp, left front connector end view (C124)
        • Second horn connector end view (C126)
        • Speed control actuator connector end view (C127)
        • Horn connector end view (C128)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch connector end view (C129)
        • Turn lamp, left front connector end view (C130)
        • Turn lamp, right front connector end view (C131)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134a)
        • Wiper/washer amplifier assembly, front connector end view (C134b)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)/ Barometric Pressure (BARO) sensor connector end view (C137)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C138)
        • Engine cooling fan motor connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C141)
        • Resistor connector end view (C142)
        • Power steering pressure switch connector end view (C143)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), front connector end view (C144)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146a)
        • Distributor connector end view (C146b)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C148)
        • Inline Connector end view (C149)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 2 connector end view (C150)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) / Barometric Pressure (BARO) solenoid connector end view (C151)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C153)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C154)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C155)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C156)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C157)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C159)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Transmission Range (TR) sensor connector end view (C161)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C162)
        • Throttle position switch connector end view (C163)
        • Pulse signal generator connector end view (C164)
        • Transaxle solenoid assembly/transaxle fluid temperature connector end view (C165)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C166)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C167)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C168)
        • Inline Connector end view (C170)
        • Inline Connector end view (C171)
        • Inline Connector end view (C172)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) connector end view (C174)
        • Inline Connector end view (C175)
        • A/C relay connector end view (C176)
        • Start inhibit relay connector end view (C178)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C179)
        • High speed fan control relay 2 connector end view (C180)
        • High speed fan control relay 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C182)
        • Bulb check relay connector end view (C183)
        • Horn relay connector end view (C184)
        • Coolant temperature sensor 1 connector end view (C190)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C191)
        • A/C Compressor clutch diode connector end view (C192)
        • Anti...theft relay connector end view (C193)
        • Inline Connector end view (C195)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor connector end view (C196)
        • Inline Connector end view (C197)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C198)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), rear connector end view (C199)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C200)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C202)
        • Climate control panel, front connector end view (C203)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C204)
        • Rear blower motor switch (front) connector end view (C205)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C206)
        • Front blower motor switch connector end view (C207)
        • Diode connector end view (C208)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Footwell lamp, left front connector end view (C215)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C218)
        • Mode actuator connector end view (C220)
        • Blend door actuator, front connector end view (C221)
        • Transmission control switch connector end view (C222)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C224b)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C227)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C228)
        • Front blower motor relay connector end view (C230)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C231)
        • Power window relay connector end view (C232)
        • Ignition relay connector end view (C233)
        • Tail lamp relay connector end view (C234)
        • Inline Connector end view (C236)
        • CD changer connector end view (C237)
        • Fog lamp switch connector end view (C240)
        • Circuit breaker 1 connector end view (C242)
        • Circuit breaker 2 connector end view (C244)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C246)
        • Speed control actuator module connector end view (C247)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C249)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C250)
        • Footwell lamp, right front connector end view (C251)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch connector end view (C254)
        • Inline Connector end view (C255)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C257)
        • Headlamp switch connector end view (C258)
        • Inline Connector end view (C259)
        • Illumination dimmer connector end view (C260)
        • Air inlet door actuator connector end view (C261)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C263)
        • Message center switch connector end view (C264)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C265)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C266b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267b)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C267c)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C268)
        • Inline Connector end view (C269)
        • Inline Connector end view (C271)
        • Inline Connector end view (C272)
        • Inline Connector end view (C273)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C275)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277a)
        • Transaxle Control Module (TCM) connector end view (C277b)
        • Deactivator switch connector end view (C278)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C279)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C280)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C281)
        • Steering wheel radio switch connector end view (C283)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C284)
        • Inline Connector end view (C285)
        • Autolamp sensor connector end view (C287)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C288)
        • Rear window defrost switch connector end view (C290)
        • ABS Diode connector end view (C291)
        • Hazard flasher switch connector end view (C292)
        • Horn switch connector end view (C293)
        • Inline Connector end view (C294)
        • Inline Connector end view (C295)
        • Inline Connector end view (C303)
        • Safety belt buckle switch connector end view (C304)
        • Inline Connector end view (C305)
        • Door ajar switch, left front connector end view (C306)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, passenger side connector end view (C307)
        • Power point, rear connector end view (C309)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, left connector end view (C311b)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) connector end view (C312)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, right connector end view (C313)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, left sliding door connector end view (C315)
        • Rear blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C319)
        • Radio control, rear connector end view (C320)
        • Seat heater switch, driver side connector end view (C321)
        • Inline Connector end view (C322)
        • Seat heater switch, passenger side connector end view (C323)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, right sliding door connector end view (C327)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329a)
        • Sliding door contact switch, right connector end view (C329b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C330)
        • Door ajar switch, right front connector end view (C331)
        • Inline Connector end view (C332)
        • Inline Connector end view (C333)
        • Inline Connector end view (C334)
        • Blower motor, rear connector end view (C337)
        • Rear blower motor switch (rear) lamp connector end view (C338)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Inline Connector end view (C341)
        • Inline Connector end view (C342)
        • Fuel tank unit connector end view (C343)
        • Inline Connector end view (C344)
        • Inline Connector end view (C345)
        • Inline Connector end view (C346)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C347)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C348)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C349)
        • Lighting control module connector end view (C350)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C351)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C352)
        • Subwoofer amplifier connector end view (C353)
        • Speaker, right rear connector end view (C354)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C355)
        • Inline Connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C358)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C359)
        • Power seat switch, right connector end view (C360)
        • Trailer tow control unit connector end view (C361)
        • Trailer tow connector end view (C362)
        • Inline Connector end view (C363)
        • Seat belt tensioner, driver seat connector end view (C367)
        • Seat belt tensioner, passenger seat connector end view (C368)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C369b)
        • Rear blower motor relay connector end view (C370)
        • Sliding door ajar switch, left connector end view (C372)
        • EVAP canister purge vacuum cut valve bypass solenoid connector end view (C374)
        • EVAP canister vent control solenoid connector end view (C375)
        • EVAP pressure sensor connector end view (C376)
        • Seat forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C380)
        • Height up/down sensor, front connector end view (C381)
        • Backrest forward/rearward sensor connector end view (C382)
        • Power seat switch, left connector end view (C389)
        • Video cassette player connector end view (C392)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) module connector end view (C393b)
        • Video display connector end view (C395)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear connector end view (C400)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear connector end view (C401)
        • Power window motor, left rear connector end view (C402)
        • Power window motor, right rear connector end view (C403)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, right connector end view (C407)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C410)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C411)
        • Liftgate lamp connector end view (C415)
        • Liftgate ajar switch, left connector end view (C416)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, liftgate connector end view (C417)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C418)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C420)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C421)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C424)
        • Key lock switch, liftgate connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C435)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C438)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C439)
        • Speaker, left front connector end view (C501)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side connector end view (C502b)
        • Power window motor, driver side front connector end view (C503)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C508)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch connector end view (C509)
        • Door entry lamp, driver side front connector end view (C510)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, driver side connector end view (C511)
        • Key lock switch, driver side connector end view (C515)
        • Memory set switch connector end view (C521)
        • Tweeter, left front connector end view (C527)
        • Speaker, right front connector end view (C601)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front connector end view (C603)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger connector end view (C607)
        • Power window switch, passenger side connector end view (C608)
        • Door entry lamp, passenger side front connector end view (C610)
        • Door lock actuator assembly, passenger side connector end view (C611)
        • Key lock switch, passenger side connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614a)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, passenger side connector end view (C614b)
        • Tweeter, right front connector end view (C616)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, left connector end view (C901)
        • Map reading lamp connector end view (C904)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right connector end view (C905)
        • Interior lamp, front connector end view (C907)
        • Interior lamp, rear connector end view (C908)
        • Roof opening panel switch connector end view (C910)
        • Roof opening panel motor assembly connector end view (C914)
        • Inline Connector end view (C920)
        • Reading lamp, rear connector end view (C921)
        • Reading lamp, front connector end view (C922)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) joint connector end view (C1000)
        • Idle Speed Control (ISC) connector end view (C1003)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003a)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003b)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor connector end view (C2003c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2005)
        • Speed control actuator switch, steering wheel connector end view (C2007)
        • Joint connector 2 connector end view (C2011)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C2012)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2013)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C2014)
        • Temperature door variable resistor connector end view (C2015)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C2016)
        • Sliding door entry lamp, driver side connector end view (C2017)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C2018)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C2019)
        • Anti...theft ON indicator connector end view (C2020)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2021)
        • Audio joint connector end view (C2025)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026a)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026b)
        • Radio connector end view (C2026c)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module connector end view (C2028b)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032a)
        • Smart Entry Control (SEC)/Timer module connector end view (C2032b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2033)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C2035)
        • Sunload senor connector end view (C2036)
        • Ignition key switch connector end view (C2039)
        • Joint connector 3 connector end view (C2040)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2045)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046a)
        • Driver seat module connector end view (C2046b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2048)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2049)
        • Resistor B connector end view (C2050)
        • Resistor A connector end view (C2051)
        • Climate control panel lamp, front connector end view (C2060)
        • Power point, console 1 connector end view (C3008)
        • Power point, console 2 connector end view (C3009)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 3.3L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
  • Electric Cooling Fans
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
    • Engine Cooling
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Block Heater Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Pressure Test
            • Cap
            • Thermostat
            • Thermostat-Electrical Test
            • Thermostat-Mechanical Test
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From Vehicle
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Fan Blade
          • Transmission Fluid Cooler Connection Leaks
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling and Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Flushing
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Backflushing
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bypass Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fan
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Coolant Expansion Tank
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Fan and Fan Clutch
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 3.3L
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
        • Engine Component View
          • Internal Engine Components
          • External Engine Components
          • Intake Manifold, Exhaust Manifolds and Components
          • Accessory Belt Driven Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Intake Manifold - Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Intake Manifold - Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover - RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover - LH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Spring
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Tappet
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Belt
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - LH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head - RH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head - LH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Filter Adapter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pressure Sender
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flywheel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal with Retainer Plate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Support Insulators
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Assembly
        • Cylinder Block
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
      • Installation
        • Engine
    • Engine System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks-Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points-Underhood
            • Leakage Points-Under Engine-With Vehicle on Hoist
            • Leakage Points-With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test-Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test-Test Results
            • Compression Pressure Limit Chart
            • Compression Test-Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Oil Pressure Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test-Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off-Valve Cover Removed
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft-Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Push Rods
            • Valve Train Analysis-Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valves and Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Positive Rotator and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift-OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift-Push Rod Engine
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Sprockets
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Cylinder Head
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance
        • Camshaft Journal - To Bearing Clearance
        • Camshaft - End Play
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft - Runout
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft - End Play
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft - Runout
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Diameter
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-of-Round
        • Piston - Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston - Pin to Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston - to Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston - Ring-to-Groove Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve - Stem-to-Valve Guide Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve - Spring Strength
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
          • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Head - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Bore - Honing
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block - Distortion
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Block - Core Plug Replacement
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Expansion-Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Intake Manifold - Cleaning
        • Intake Manifold - Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Exhaust Manifold - Cleaning
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starters
    • Description
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
      • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
    • Component Tests
      • Anti-Theft Relay
      • Start Inhibit Relay
    • On-Vehicle Testing
      • Notes
      • Voltage Drop Test
      • Starter Ground Circuit Test
    • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Motor
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
    • Starter Specifications
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Control System - Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
    • Ignition Timing
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Injector Timing
      • Diesel Engines
    • Idle Speed
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
      • Diesel Engines
    • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Accelerator Pedal Sensor
      • Diesel Engines
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer Assembly
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • Vacuum Amplifier (If Equipped)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1996-97 EEC-IV Equipped Trucks
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications - Gas
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
        • Notes
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Bi-Fuel)
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Gasoline & NGV)
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
      • Pcm Connectors
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
        • Generic OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Gasoline OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Bi-Fuel OBD-II PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Blackwood & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline, Excursion & F250-550 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Econoline, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F150 Pickup 4.2L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Inputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Outputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100)
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4)
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Inputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Outputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Gasoline)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100)
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel)
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Outputs
          • Cause PID Fault Definitions
        • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100)
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650)
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650)
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F650-750 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E)
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E)
          • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E) - Inputs
          • Villager 3.3L - Outputs
        • Windstar 3.8L A/T (4F50N)
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Inputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Outputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal & Installation (Lower)
          • Removal & Installation (Upper)
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal & Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Knock Sensor
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Throttle Position Sensor
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Motors, Relays & Solenoids
        • Idle Air Control Valve
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Solenoid
      • Cooling Systems
        • Cooling System Precautions
        • Cooling System Draining
        • Cooling System Filling & Bleeding
      • Ignition Systems
        • Notes
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Distributor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Coil
        • Knock Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Spark Plug
          • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Safety Precautions
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Line Connectors
          • Removal & Installation (Push-Connect Type Fitting)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Fuel Filter Removal & Installation - Villager
        • Fuel Pump
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Injectors
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
      • Idle Control Systems
        • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Emission Systems & Subsystems
        • Transaxle Control System
          • Removal & Installation (Vehicle Speed Sensor)
      • Evaporative Emissions Systems
        • Evaporative Emission System Safety Precautions
        • EVAP Canister
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Canister Pressure Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Canister Shield
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Canister Vent Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Test Port
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Vacuum Shutoff By-Pass Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Vacuum Shutoff Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • EVAP Water Separator
          • Removal & Installation
        • After Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacities
        • Transmission & Transfer Case Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacities
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
          • Diesel Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Valve Clearance
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Supercharger
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Notes
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V10)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • Notes
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.0L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (2.0L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Escape)
          • Firing Order (3.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.8L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (3.8L)
          • Firing Order (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils & Firing Order (4.6L) (Not Coil On Plug)
          • Spark Plug Coils (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (5.4L)
          • Firing Order (6.8L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (6.8L)
          • Firing Order (7.3L Diesel)
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Mixture
        • Idle Speed
          • Villager
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • TP Sensor Output (Villager)
          • TP Sensor Output (Except Villager)
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Pressure
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Distributor Ignition System
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
          • Primary
          • Secondary
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Ignition Timing
        • Idle Speed
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • On-Board Diagnostics
          • Powertrain Control Module
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • Hard Faults
          • Intermittent Faults
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • Communication Error
        • Diagnostic Test Mode
        • Switch Monitor Test
          • Description & Operation
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • Using Scan Tool
        • Drive Cycles
          • Relationship Between MIL, DTC & Detectable Items
          • Trip
          • OBD-II System Readiness Tests (Monitors)
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Additional System Functions
        • Parameter Identification
          • Description
          • Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Non-Generic (Ford Specific) OBD-II PIDs
        • System Readiness Test Access
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing System Readiness Tests
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Output Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • OBD-II System Readiness Tests
          • Notes
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Misfire Detection Monitor
          • Fuel System Monitor
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor
          • Evaporative Emission System Monitor
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • How To Use System Tests
        • Test A: No Start
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test B: Pcm Relay
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test C: Reference Voltage
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test DA: Engine Coolant & Intake Air Temperature Sensors
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Db: Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometer Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Test DS: Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test H: Fuel Control
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • DTC Descriptions
          • Testing
        • Test HB: Idle Switch
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test HC: Fuel Delivery System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Hd: Misfire Monitor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • DTC Descriptions
          • Testing
        • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Hg: Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test HU: Air Intake & Throttle Body
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test HX: Evaporative Emission System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • DTC Descriptions
          • Testing
        • Test Ja: Ignition - No Spark
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test JB: Ignition Misfire Under Load
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Preliminary Inspections
          • Testing
        • Test KE: Idle Air Control System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Preliminary Inspections
          • Testing
        • Test KF: Fan Control Relays
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Km: A/C Relay Circuit
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Kn: Throttle Position Switch
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test MB: Output Test Mode Not Functioning
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test ND: Engine Speed Signal
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/Communication Error, Unable To Retrieve DTCS
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Z: Intermittent
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Control Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0440: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Gross Leak Or No Flow Detected Or DTC P1440: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Notes
        • Sensors
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Knock Sensor
          • Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometer Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Switches
          • Idle Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Throttle Position Switch
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • A/C Relay
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fan Control Relays
        • Solenoids
          • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Integrity Check
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector Check
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
        • Idle Switch
      • Ignition System
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • EVAP Emission System
        • PCV System
        • Test C: Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Test D: Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Canister Vent Control Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
        • Hard Start/Long Crank
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
        • Slow Return To Idle
        • Fast Idle, Diesels/Runs On
        • Low/Slow Idle Or Stalls/Quits On Deceleration
        • Backfires
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
        • Spark Knock
        • Poor Fuel Economy
        • Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Warning Indicator Lights
        • Automatic Transaxle Upshift, Downshift & Engagement Concerns
        • High Oil Consumption Or Leaks
        • Cooling System Concerns - Engine Overheating
        • Cooling System Concerns - Engine Runs Cold
        • Exhaust Smoke Or Smell
        • Fuel System Concerns - Odor
        • Engine Noise
        • Climate Control - Lack Of Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Does Not Cut-Off Under Wot
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Recreating The Fault
          • Intermittent Simulation
          • Accumulating PCM Data
          • Selecting & Viewing PIDs
          • Analyzing PCM Data
          • Click Testing Solenoids & Relays
          • Changing Input & Verifying Output Response
          • Peripheral Inputs
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Pressure
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Distributor Ignition System
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
          • Primary
          • Secondary
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Ignition Timing
        • Idle Speed
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • On-Board Diagnostics
          • Powertrain Control Module
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • Hard Faults
          • Intermittent Faults
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • Communication Error
        • Diagnostic Test Mode
        • Switch Monitor Test
          • Description & Operation
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • Using Scan Tool
        • Drive Cycles
          • Relationship Between MIL, DTC & Detectable Items
          • Trip
          • OBD-II System Readiness Tests (Monitors)
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Additional System Functions
        • Parameter Identification
          • Description
          • Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Non-Generic (Ford Specific) OBD-II PIDs
        • System Readiness Test Access
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing System Readiness Tests
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Output Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • OBD-II System Readiness Tests
          • Notes
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Misfire Detection Monitor
          • Fuel System Monitor
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor
          • Evaporative Emission System Monitor
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • How To Use System Tests
        • Test A: No Start
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test B: Pcm Relay
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test C: Reference Voltage
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test DA: Engine Coolant & Intake Air Temperature Sensors
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Db: Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometer Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Test DS: Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test H: Fuel Control
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • DTC Descriptions
          • Testing
        • Test HB: Idle Switch
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test HC: Fuel Delivery System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Hd: Misfire Monitor
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • DTC Descriptions
          • Testing
        • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Hg: Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test HU: Air Intake & Throttle Body
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test HX: Evaporative Emission System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • DTC Descriptions
          • Testing
        • Test Ja: Ignition - No Spark
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test JB: Ignition Misfire Under Load
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Preliminary Inspections
          • Testing
        • Test KE: Idle Air Control System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Preliminary Inspections
          • Testing
        • Test KF: Fan Control Relays
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Km: A/C Relay Circuit
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Kn: Throttle Position Switch
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test MB: Output Test Mode Not Functioning
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test ND: Engine Speed Signal
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/Communication Error, Unable To Retrieve DTCS
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test Z: Intermittent
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Control Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0440: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Gross Leak Or No Flow Detected Or DTC P1440: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In System
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Notes
        • Sensors
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Knock Sensor
          • Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometer Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Switches
          • Idle Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Throttle Position Switch
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • A/C Relay
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fan Control Relays
        • Solenoids
          • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Integrity Check
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector Check
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Speed Control Solenoid
        • Idle Switch
      • Ignition System
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • EVAP Emission System
        • PCV System
        • Test C: Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Test D: Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Canister Vent Control Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
        • Hard Start/Long Crank
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
        • Slow Return To Idle
        • Fast Idle, Diesels/Runs On
        • Low/Slow Idle Or Stalls/Quits On Deceleration
        • Backfires
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
        • Spark Knock
        • Poor Fuel Economy
        • Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Warning Indicator Lights
        • Automatic Transaxle Upshift, Downshift & Engagement Concerns
        • High Oil Consumption Or Leaks
        • Cooling System Concerns - Engine Overheating
        • Cooling System Concerns - Engine Runs Cold
        • Exhaust Smoke Or Smell
        • Fuel System Concerns - Odor
        • Engine Noise
        • Climate Control - Lack Of Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Does Not Cut-Off Under Wot
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Recreating The Fault
          • Intermittent Simulation
          • Accumulating PCM Data
          • Selecting & Viewing PIDs
          • Analyzing PCM Data
          • Click Testing Solenoids & Relays
          • Changing Input & Verifying Output Response
          • Peripheral Inputs
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • On-Board Diagnostics II System
        • Powertrain Control Module
        • Input Devices
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • EGR Temperature Sensor
          • Evaporative System Pressure Sensor
          • Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensors
          • Idle Switch
          • Knock Sensor
          • Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Sensor & Solenoid
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Output Devices
          • Cooling Fan
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Idle Air Control Valve
      • Fuel System
        • Notes
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pump
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injectors
        • Idle Speed
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Ignition System
        • Distributor Ignition
      • Emission Systems
        • Evaporative Emission Control
          • Evaporative Canister
          • Evaporative Canister Pressure Sensor
          • Evaporative Canister Purge Valve
          • Evaporative Emission System Test Port
          • Evaporative Canister Vent Control Solenoid
          • Vacuum Cut By-Pass Solenoid
          • Vacuum Cut Valve
          • Water Separator
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Notes
        • Cooling Fan
        • Malfunction Indicator Light
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Trucks
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • BLACKWOOD, Expedition, F150 Pickup & Navigator
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Excursion & F250-550 Super Duty Pickup
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Ranger
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Automatic Transmissions - 4F20E Electronic Controls
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
    • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • * Please Read This First *
      • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • Application
        • Notes
        • Introduction/Engine/VIN Id
      • Emission Applications
        • Notes
        • Emission Application Tables
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Adjustment
        • Notes
        • On-Vehicle Adjustments
      • Theory & Operation
      • Testing & Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Basic Diagnostic Procedures/Basic Testing
        • Self-Diagnostics/Tests W/Codes
        • Trouble Shooting - No Codes/Tests W/O Codes
        • System & Component Testing
      • Pin Voltage Charts
      • Sensor Range Charts
        • Notes
        • Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams - Engine Performance
        • Notes
        • 2002 & Earlier
        • 2003 & Later
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • Removal (1999-2002)
          • Installation (1999-2002)
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Automatic A/C-Heater Systems
      • Specifications
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Auxiliary A/C System
        • Main A/C-Heater System
        • Auxiliary Climate Control Panel
          • Blower Control Knob (Rear Mounted)
        • Main Climate Control Panel
          • Notes
          • Airflow Mode Control
          • Blower Motor Control
          • Temperature Control
          • Auxiliary Blower Control Lever (Front Mounted)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Circuit
          • Blower Motor
          • Blower Motor Resistor
        • Main Blower Motor Circuit
          • Notes
          • Blower Motor
          • Blower Speed Controller (BSC)
        • Electric Actuators
          • Fresh/Recirculated Air Door
          • Temperature Blend Door (Main System)
        • Sensors
          • Ambient Temperature Sensor
          • Automatic Temperature Control Sensor
          • Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Sunload Sensor
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Electric Actuators
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module Self-Test
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Summary
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: EATC System Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test B: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test C: Insufficient/Erratic Or No Heat
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test D: A/C Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test E: A/C Is Always On
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test F: Insufficient A/C Cooling
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test G: Blower Motor Does Not Operate
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test H: Temperature Set Point Does Not Repeat After Turning Off Ignition
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test I: Climate Control Panel Display Does Not Switch Between FAHRENHEIT & CELSIUS
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test J: Auxiliary Blower Motor Does Not Operate
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test K: No Operation In Some Blower Settings, Rear Blower Motor
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test L: Blower Motor Does Not Operate Using Rear Switch
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test M: Auxiliary Controls Are Operational With Function Selector Off
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • A/C Relay
        • Blower Motor Relay
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Main Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Main Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
    • Manual A/C-Heater Systems
      • Specifications
      • Description
        • Main A/C-Heater System
        • Auxiliary A/C System
      • Operation
        • Main Control Panel
          • Function Control
          • A/C Switch
          • Main System Blower Motor Switch
          • Function Control Dial
          • Main System Temperature Control Knob
          • Front-Mounted Auxiliary System Fan Switch
        • Auxiliary Control Panel
          • Rear-Mounted Auxiliary System Fan Switch
        • Compressor Cycling Switch
        • Compressor
        • Compressor Manifold
        • Condenser
        • Fixed Orifice Tube
        • High Pressure Relief Valve
        • Dual Pressure Cut-Out Switch
        • Compressor Magnetic Clutch
        • Accumulator-Drier
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Compressor Drive Belt
        • Blend Door Actuator Control Rod
        • Mode Door Actuator Control Rod
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Performance Tests
        • A/C System
          • Notes
          • Compressor Discharge (High) Pressure
          • Compressor Suction (Low) Pressure
          • A/C Clutch On Time
          • A/C Clutch Off Time
          • A/C Clutch Cycle Time
          • A/C Clutch Cycle Rate Per Minute
          • A/C Register Discharge Temperature
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test N: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test O: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test P: A/C Does Not Operate Or Does Not Operate Properly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test Q: A/C Is Always On
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test R: Insufficient A/C Cooling
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test S: Main Blower Motor Does Not Operate
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test T: Front Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test U: No Front Blower Operation In High Setting
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test V: No Front Blower Operation In Low Setting
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test W: Auxiliary Blower Motor Does Not Operate
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test X: Auxiliary Blower Motor Does Not Operate At Some Speeds
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test Y: Auxiliary Blower Motor Does Not Operate Using Rear Auxiliary Blower Motor Switch
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test Z: Auxiliary Controls Are Operational With Function Selector Off
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • A/C Relay
        • Blower Motor Relay
        • Compressor, External Leak Test
        • Evaporator/Condenser, On-Vehicle Leak Test
        • Heater Core
          • Notes
          • Plug Test
          • Pressure Test (On Vehicle)
          • Pressure Test (Bench)
      • On Vehicle Service
        • Cleaning Spring Lock Couplings
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Accumulator-Drier
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Control Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Evaporator Core
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
          • Installation
        • Auxiliary Evaporator Outlet & Inlet Refrigerant Line
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Underbody)
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
        • Auxiliary Evaporator-To-Expansion Valve Refrigerant Line
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger Compartment Air Filter
          • Removal & Installation
        • Compressor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Cycling Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Compressor Manifold & Tube Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Condenser
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Dual Pressure Cut-Out Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fixed Orifice Tube
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seats
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Hose Coupling
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Main Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Main Control Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Main Evaporator Core
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Main Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Main Heater Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Quarter Trim Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Thermostatic Expansion Valve
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Diagnostic Monitor
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Impact Sensors
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • For Component Replacement
          • For Diagnostics
        • Activating System
          • For Component Replacement
          • For Diagnostics
        • Air Bag Simulator
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER-Faulty Unit
        • Scrapped Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Diagnostic Monitor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
          • Notes
          • User Mode
          • Diagnosis Mode & Retrieving Codes
          • Switching From Diagnosis Mode To User Mode
          • Clearing Codes
          • Inspection & Verification
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light Stays On
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: Air Bag Warning Light Does Not Light
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Code 1: Right Front Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Fault
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Code 2: Driver-Side Air Bag Module Circuit Fault
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Code 3: Left Front Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Fault
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Code 7: Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Fault
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
          • Verify Condition
        • Code 8: Passenger-Side Air Bag Module Circuit Fault
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Code 9: Low Battery Voltage
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Intermediate Cooler Lines
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Junction Block to Power Steering Gear Pressure Lines
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Junction Block to Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Linkage
          • Steering Linkage Component Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Linkage
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie Rod End
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tie Rod End - Spindle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Boot
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
          • Steering Gear Insulator
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
          • Material
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Intermediate Cooler Lines
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Junction Block to Power Steering Gear Pressure Lines
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose - Junction Block to Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Linkage
          • Steering Linkage Component Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Linkage
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie Rod End
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tie Rod End - Spindle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Boot
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
          • Steering Gear Insulator
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
          • Material
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Column
    • Steering Column
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column
          • Steering Column and Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column
      • Removal And Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder-Functional Lock
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder-Non-Functional Lock
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact
          • Removal and Installation
        • Column
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Column Shaft -Lower
          • Notes
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Steering Column
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
          • Steering Gear Insulator
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
          • Material
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Gear
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
          • Steering Gear Insulator
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
          • Material
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Linkage
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
          • Steering Gear Insulator
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
          • Material
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension
      • Description
      • Adjustments & Inspection
        • Ball Joint Checking
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Bearing Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Ball Joint
          • Removal & Installation
        • Coil Spring & Strut Assembly
          • Removal
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Assembly
          • Installation
        • Hub & Knuckle Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm Bushings
          • Removal (Front)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Rear)
        • Stabilizer Bar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Bearing
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Suspension System
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Positive Camber
          • Negative Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Drift Left Or Right
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Wheel Off-Center
            • Pinpoint Test C: Tracks Incorrectly
            • Pinpoint Test D: Rough Ride
            • Pinpoint Test E: Excessive Noise
            • Pinpoint Test F: Incorrect Tire Wear
            • Pinpoint Test G: Vibration
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Toe Adjustment
        • Lean Correction
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Suspension
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Bearing End Play
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hub
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bar - Stabilizer
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bushing - Stabilizer Bar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bushing - Leaf Spring
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spindle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber - Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spring - Rear Leaf
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crossmember - Rear Axle Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Damper - Axle Bumper Stop
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Suspension System
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Positive Camber
          • Negative Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Drift Left Or Right
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Wheel Off-Center
            • Pinpoint Test C: Tracks Incorrectly
            • Pinpoint Test D: Rough Ride
            • Pinpoint Test E: Excessive Noise
            • Pinpoint Test F: Incorrect Tire Wear
            • Pinpoint Test G: Vibration
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Toe Adjustment
        • Lean Correction
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Suspension System
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Positive Camber
          • Negative Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Drift Left Or Right
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Wheel Off-Center
            • Pinpoint Test C: Tracks Incorrectly
            • Pinpoint Test D: Rough Ride
            • Pinpoint Test E: Excessive Noise
            • Pinpoint Test F: Incorrect Tire Wear
            • Pinpoint Test G: Vibration
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Toe Adjustment
        • Lean Correction
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Wheels & Tires
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Safety Precautions
        • Wheels And Tires
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wheels And Tires
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Tire and Wheel Runout
            • Match Mounting Tires
            • Tire Lead Diagnosis
            • Road Test - Vibration
            • Torque-Sensitive
            • Vehicle Speed-Sensitive
            • Engine Speed-Sensitive
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel and Tire
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transaxle/Transmission
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Transaxle Application Table
        • Shift Points at Full Throttle
        • Shift Points at Half Throttle
        • Upper Control Valve Body Valve Spring Lengths
        • Lower Control Valve Body Valve Spring Lengths
        • Differential Bearing Shim Thickness
        • Output Shaft Bearing Selective Shims
        • Reduction Gear Bearing Adjusting Shims
        • Reverse Clutch Drum End Thrust Washer Size
        • Coasting Clutch Pressure Plate Specifications
        • Forward Clutch Pressure Plate Specifications
        • 3-4 Clutch Pressure Plate Thickness
        • Low/Reverse Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Reverse Clutch Pressure Plate Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Transaxle Description
        • Identification Tags
        • Range Selection
          • Notes
          • Park
          • Reverse
          • Neutral
          • Drive
          • Second Gear
          • First Gear
        • Shift Patterns
          • Upshifts
          • Downshifts
          • Cast down
          • Torque Demand
          • Kickdown
        • Disassembled Views
        • Bushings, Bearing and Thrust Washer Locator
        • Main Components and Functions
          • Torque Converter
          • Geartrain
            • Planetary Gearset
            • Turbine Shaft
            • Idler Gear
            • Reduction Gear
            • Differential Assembly
          • Apply Components
            • 2-4 Band
            • Forward Clutch
            • Coasting Clutch
            • Low/Reverse Clutch
            • 3-4 Clutch
            • Low One-Way Clutch
            • Forward One-Way Clutch
          • Hydraulic System
            • Fluid Pump
            • Main Controls
            • 1-2 Accumulator
            • N-D Accumulator
            • D-R Accumulator
        • Transaxle Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Inputs
          • Outputs
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Transmission Control Module (TCM)
          • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Shift Solenoids
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
          • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Strategy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Inspection
          • Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Flow Chart
        • Preliminary Inspection
          • Notes
          • Know and Understand the Concern
          • Verification of Condition
          • Determine Customer Concern
          • Check Fluid Level and Condition
          • Fluid Level Check
          • High Fluid Level
          • Low Fluid Level
          • Adding Fluid
          • Fluid Condition Check
          • Road Testing Vehicle
          • Shift Point Road Test
          • Torque Converter Diagnosis
          • Torque Converter Operation Test
          • Transmission Fluid Cooler
          • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tube Replacement
          • Transmission Fluid Cooler Flow Test
          • Visual Inspection
          • Shift Linkage Check
          • Check TSBs
          • Perform On-Board Diagnostics
        • Diagnostics
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Transaxle DRIVE Cycle Test
          • After On-Board Diagnostics
          • Before Pinpoint Tests
          • Diagnostic Trouble Code Charts
          • Transaxle Connector Layouts
            • TCM C277A
            • TCM C277B
            • Digital Transmission Range Sensor C161-Harness Side
            • Output Shaft Speed Sensor C164-Harness Side
            • Transaxle Solenoid Assembly/Transaxle Fluid Temperature C165-Harness Side
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • PINPOINT TEST A: Shift Solenoid
            • PINPOINT TEST B: Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test C: Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
            • Pinpoint Test D: Digital Transmission Range (Tr) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test E: Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
            • Pinpoint Test F: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test G: Coasting Clutch Solenoid (CCS)
          • Special Testing Procedures
            • Engine Idle Speed Check
            • Line Pressure Test
              • Notes
              • Line Pressure Diagnosis Chart
            • Stall Speed Test
            • Stall Speed Diagnosis Chart
          • Leakage Inspection
          • Fluid Leakage in Torque Converter Area
          • Leak Check Test
          • Leak Check Test With Black Light
        • Diagnosis By Symptom
          • Notes
          • Diagnosis by Symptom Chart Directions
          • Diagnosis by Symptom Index
          • Diagnostic Routines
            • Engagement Concern: No Forward
            • Engagement Concern: No Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Harsh Shifts (Any Gear)
            • Engagement Concern: Delayed/Soft Shift (Any Gear)
            • Engagement Concern: No Forward And No Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Harsh Forward And No Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Delayed/Soft Forward And Reverse
            • Shift Concerns: Some Or All Shifts Missing
            • Shift Concerns: Timing - Early/Late
            • Shift Concerns: Timing - Erratic/Hunting
            • Shift Concerns: Feel - Soft/Slipping
            • Shift Concerns: Feel - Harsh
            • Shift Concerns: No 1ST Gear, Engages In Higher Gear
            • Shift Concerns: No Manual 1ST Gear
            • Shift Concerns: No 1-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 2-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 3-4 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 2-1 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 1-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-4 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-1 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 1-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 2-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-4 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 2-1 Shift (Automatic)
            • Torque Converter Operation Concerns: No Apply
            • Torque Converter Operation Concern: Always Applied/Stalls Vehicle
            • Torque Converter Operation Concern: Cycling/Shudder/Chatter
            • Other Concerns: No Engine Braking In 1ST Gear Manual 1ST Position
            • Other Concerns: Shift Lever Efforts High
            • Other Concerns: External Leaks
            • Other Concerns: Poor Vehicle Performance
            • Other Concerns: Noise/Vibration - Forward Or Reverse
            • Other Concerns: Engine Will Not Crank
            • Other Concerns: No Park Range
            • Other Concerns: Transaxle Overheating
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler - Backflushing and Cleaning
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Transaxle Fluid Drain and Refill
          • Draining
          • Refill
        • Fluid Pan, Gasket and Filter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Main Control - Valve Body
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Fluid Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shift Solenoids (SS)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Control Module (TCM)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Intermediate Servo - 2-4 Servo
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transaxle Support Insulator - Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transaxle Support Insulator - Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Transaxle
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Main Control Valve Body - Intermediate
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Main Control Valve Body - Upper
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Main Control Valve Body - Lower
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • 2-4 Servo
          • 2-4 Servo
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward and Coasting Clutch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Forward and Coasting Clutch
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Low/Reverse Clutch Piston Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • 3-4 Clutch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Accumulators
        • Output Shaft and Bearing Retainer
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reduction Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Idler Gear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Torque Converter Service And Replacement
        • Torque Converter Cleaning And Inspection
        • Torque Converter Flushing
          • Special Tool(s)
        • End Play Check
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Torque Converter One-Way Clutch Check
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Assembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Transaxle
          • Installation
    • Automatic Transaxle/Transmission External Controls
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • External Controls
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • External Controls
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Shift Interlock System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Shift Control Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Cable Adjustment-Shift Control
        • Cable Adjustment-Transmission Control Selector Indicator
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cable
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Selector Lever
        • Transmission Control Switch-Overdrive
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Transaxle/Transmission Cooling
      • Description And Operation
        • Transaxle Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Transaxle Cooling
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Flow Test
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler - Backflushing and Cleaning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Cooler, Fluid
          • Removal and Installation
        • Tubes
          • Removal
          • Installation
• External Pages