Torque Converter

The torque converter is a four element device that transmits and multiplies torque. The four elements are the impeller, turbine, reactor and the clutch /damper assembly. A torque converter operates as follows:

• Rotation of the converter housing and impeller set the fluid in motion.
• The turbine reacts to the fluid motion from the impeller, transferring rotation to the geartrain through the input shaft.
• The reactor redirects fluid back into the impeller, providing for torque multiplication.
• The clutch and damper assembly dampens powertrain torsional vibration and provides a direct mechanical connection for improved efficiency.
• Power is transmitted from the torque converter to the planetary gearsets and other components through the input shaft.
  Fig 1: Identifying Torque Converter

  Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.