Technical Service Bulletins
- A/C Compressor
- Vehicle Fluid Analysis Program (USA Only) (GROUP 0, NO. 0403)
- Climate Control Refrigerant R134A/ R12 SUBSTITUE (GROUP 8, NO. 10/97)
- Automotive Refrigerant Identifier (GROUP N/A, NO. 9604)
- Correct A/C Refrigerant Warning (GROUP 8, NO. 9602)
- Retrofitting R12 A/C System To R134 (GROUP 8, NO. 9501)
- A/C Refrigerant Capacity Charts (GROUP 8, NO. 9208)
- Air Conditioning Certification (GROUP 8, NO. 9207)
- Sealing Rings For A/C System (GROUP 8, NO. 9205)
- R-12 Substitute Refrigerant Cautions (GROUP 8, NO. 9102)
- Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling (GROUP 8, NO. 8902)
- Poly Rib Belt New TENSIONING Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 8804)
- A/C System Filling (GROUP 8, NO. 8605)
- A/C Compressor Oil/Refrigerant Capacity (GROUP 8, NO. 8501)
- Alternator & A/C Compressor New Wider Poly-Rib Belt (GROUP 1, NO. 8509)
- A/C Refrigerant Capacity (GROUP 8, NO. 8501)
- Accessories Control Systems
- Accessory Drive Belts
- Anti-Theft Systems
- Automatic Trans
- Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
- Axle Shafts
- Blowers, Superchargers & Turbochargers
- Body Interior
- Brakes Control Systems
- Charging Systems
- Clutch
- Communication Devices
- Cooling System (Mechanical)
- Vehicle Fluid Analysis Program (USA Only) (GROUP 0, NO. 0403)
- 2.0/2.4/2.7/3.0/4.5/4.7/5.0/5.4L Eng - App. Coolant (GROUP 1, NO. 9408)
- Cylinder Head Gaskets/4 & 8 Cylinder Engines (GROUP 1, NO. 9209)
- Water Pump Coolant Leak Diagnosis (GROUP 1, NO. 9110)
- Engine Oil In Cooling System - Connector Pipe Check (GROUP 1, NO. 9105)
- Valve Stem Seals Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- 2.5/2.7/3.0/5.0L Eng Valve Seal Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- Oil Cooler Leakage Testing - P200A Tool Adaptation (GROUP 1, NO. 8907)
- Radiator Fan Improved Switch (GROUP 1, NO. 8903)
- New Oil Cooler O-Rings/Pressure Testing Cooler (GROUP 1, NO. 8813)
- Oil Intake Pipe New Seal (GROUP 1, NO. 8724)
- Cylinder Head Parts Charts/Tightening (GROUP 1, NO. 8703)
- Cooling System Contamination - Flushing/Service (GROUP 1, NO. 8617)
- Coolant Expansion Tank New Pressure/Cap (GROUP 1, NO. 8528)
- Cooling Fan Noise - Modified Fan And Hose (GROUP 1, NO. 8526)
- Cylinder Head Updated Torque Specs & Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 8530)
- New Camshaft Seal/Sleeve (GROUP 1, NO. 8531)
- New Radiator Cooling Fans (GROUP 1, NO. 8526)
- Oil Cooler Housing Blind Plug Leak - LOCTITE (GROUP 1, NO. 8408)
- Oil Cooler/Oil Pressure Relief Valve Repair Guide (GROUP 1, NO. 8904)
- Oil Pan Oil Leak - Resealing With SILASTIC 730 RTV (GROUP 1, NO. 9005)
- Radiator Corroded/Plugged - Coolant Guidelines (GROUP 1, NO. 8720)
- Differentials & Drive Axles
- Driveshaft & Universal Joints
- Electronic Steering
- Electronic Suspension
- Engine Control Systems
- Entertainment Systems
- Exhaust
- Exterior Body Panels
- Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
- Front Suspension
- Fuses & Circuit Breakers
- Gauges & Instrument Panels
- HVAC Control Systems
- Vehicle Fluid Analysis Program (USA Only) (GROUP 0, NO. 0403)
- Climate Control Refrigerant R134A/ R12 SUBSTITUE (GROUP 8, NO. 10/97)
- Automotive Refrigerant Identifier (GROUP N/A, NO. 9604)
- Correct A/C Refrigerant Warning (GROUP 8, NO. 9602)
- Retrofitting R12 A/C System To R134 (GROUP 8, NO. 9501)
- Replacing A/C Cooling Fan Motor: New Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 9305)
- A/C Refrigerant Capacity Charts (GROUP 8, NO. 9208)
- Air Conditioning Certification (GROUP 8, NO. 9207)
- Sealing Rings For A/C System (GROUP 8, NO. 9205)
- R-12 Substitute Refrigerant Cautions (GROUP 8, NO. 9102)
- New Air Regulator Control Service (GROUP 8, NO. 9002)
- Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling (GROUP 8, NO. 8902)
- Poly Rib Belt New TENSIONING Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 8804)
- A/C System Filling (GROUP 8, NO. 8605)
- A/C Compressor Oil/Refrigerant Capacity (GROUP 8, NO. 8501)
- A/C Refrigerant Capacity (GROUP 8, NO. 8501)
- Identification
- Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
- Ignition System
- Spark Plug Thread Lubrication (GROUP 2, NO. 9102)
- Fuel Hose/Rail Leak - Replacement (GROUP 2, NO. 9001)
- Approved Spark Plugs Chart (GROUP 2, NO. 8805)
- Used Vehicle Storage (GROUP 0, NO. 8802)
- 2.5L Eng Poor Cold Performance - Modify Inlet Hose (GROUP 2, NO. 8714)
- 2.5L Eng High Idle/Low Co - Replace Air Bellows (GROUP 2, NO. 8705)
- Spark Plug Applications (GROUP 2, NO. 8608)
- Spark Plug Applications (GROUP 2, NO. 8506)
- Basic Emission Equipment & Tune-Up Specifications (GROUP 1, NO. 8520)
- Engine Run-On/Dieseling - Install Diode (GROUP 2, NO. 8505)
- L-JETRONIC Models Fuel Injector Applications (GROUP 2, NO. 8503)
- Poor Eng Performance - Intake System Leak Check (GROUP 2, NO. 8502)
- Fuel Injector Cleaning Procedure (GROUP 2, NO. 8510)
- Tune-Up Specifications (GROUP 1, NO. 8405)
- Infotainment
- Interior/Exterior Trim
- Locking Hubs
- Lubrication System
- Noise, Vibration, & Harshness (NVH) Lubrication Kit (GROUP 7, NO. 2000)
- MC, 1701 Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (35/23) (GROUP 1, NO. 35-23)
- MC, 1701 Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C20 Engine Oils (32/23) (GROUP 1, NO. 32-23)
- MC, 1701 Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (33/23) (GROUP 1, NO. 33-23)
- MC, 1701 Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C40 Engine Oils (34/23) (GROUP 1, NO. 34-23)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C40 Engine Oils (04/23) (GROUP 1, NO. 1701)
- MC, 1701 - 00 Allocation Of Approved Engine Oils Until My 2020 (06/22) (GROUP 1, NO. 06-22)
- MC, 1701 Recommended Engine Oils For Classic Vehicles (19/20) (GROUP 1, NO. 19-20)
- Recommended Engine Oils For Classic Vehicles (13/14) (GROUP 01, NO. 13/14)
- Allocation Of Approved Engine Oils (05/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 05/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (03/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 03/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C20 Engine Oils (01/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 01/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (02/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 02/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (38/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 38/18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (37/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 37-18)
- Allocation Of Approved Engine Oils (33/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 33-18)
- Allocation Of Approved Engine Oils (07/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 07-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (10/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 10-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C20 Engine Oils (08/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 08-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (09/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 09-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C40 Engine Oils (22/17) (GROUP 1, NO. 22-17)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (08/16) (GROUP 1, NO. 24/14)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (07/16) (GROUP 1, NO. 25/14)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (22/15) (GROUP 1, NO. 22/15)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (23/15) (GROUP 1, NO. 23/15)
- Engine Oils Approved By PORSCHE (GROUP 1, NO. 5/00)
- Overview Of Approved Engine Oils (GROUP 1, NO. 5/00)
- Vehicle Fluid Analysis Program (USA Only) (GROUP 0, NO. 0403)
- Engine Oils Approved By PORSCHE (GROUP 1, NO. 9213)
- Climate Control Refrigerant R134A/ R12 SUBSTITUE (GROUP 8, NO. 10/97)
- 2.0/2.4/2.7/3.0/4.5/4.7/5.0/5.4L Eng - App. Coolant (GROUP 1, NO. 9408)
- Cylinder Head Gaskets/4 & 8 Cylinder Engines (GROUP 1, NO. 9209)
- Engine Oils That Minimize Carbon Build-Up (GROUP 1, NO. 8905)
- Valve Stem Seals Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- 2.5/2.7/3.0/5.0L Eng Valve Seal Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- Oil Cooler Leakage Testing - P200A Tool Adaptation (GROUP 1, NO. 8907)
- Engine Oil Recommendations (GROUP 1, NO. 8905)
- Bearing Failure/Metal In Oil - Cleaning/Valve Repair (GROUP 1, NO. 8802)
- 2.5/3.0L Eng Oil Pump & Crankcase Sealing Alignment (GROUP 1, NO. 8819)
- New Oil Cooler O-Rings/Pressure Testing Cooler (GROUP 1, NO. 8813)
- Oil Intake Pipe New Seal (GROUP 1, NO. 8724)
- Oil Pressure Relief Valve Applications (GROUP 1, NO. 8716)
- Oil Level Warning System (GROUP 1, NO. 8714)
- Cylinder Head Parts Charts/Tightening (GROUP 1, NO. 8703)
- New Oil Pump - Modifications/Applications (GROUP 1, NO. 8625)
- Engine Rebuild/Damage Repair - Check Intake System (GROUP 2, NO. 8603)
- Cleaning Of Main Channel In Engine Block (GROUP 1, NO. 8614)
- Modification Of Oil Filter Wrench - P9204 (GROUP 1, NO. 8609)
- Low/No Oil Pressure - Oil System Diagnosis/Repair (GROUP 1, NO. 8605)
- Cylinder Head Updated Torque Specs & Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 8530)
- New Camshaft Seal/Sleeve (GROUP 1, NO. 8531)
- No/Low Oil Pressure Buildup - Oil Pump Repair (GROUP 1, NO. 8501)
- 2.5L Eng Oil Pressure Relief Valve Service (GROUP 1, NO. 9017)
- Oil Cooler Housing Blind Plug Leak - LOCTITE (GROUP 1, NO. 8408)
- Oil Pan Oil Leak - Resealing With SILASTIC 730 RTV (GROUP 1, NO. 9005)
- Manual Steering
- Manual Trans
- Mechanical
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (10/15) (GROUP 1, NO. 10/15)
- Engine Oils Approved By PORSCHE (GROUP 1, NO. 5/00)
- Overview Of Approved Engine Oils (GROUP 1, NO. 5/00)
- Vehicle Fluid Analysis Program (USA Only) (GROUP 0, NO. 0403)
- Engine Oils Approved By PORSCHE (GROUP 1, NO. 9213)
- New PORSCHE Special Tools (9707)
- PORSCHE Special Tool PNA 721 023 (9706)
- Cylinder Head Gaskets/4 & 8 Cylinder Engines (GROUP 1, NO. 9209)
- Engine Oils That Minimize Carbon Build-Up (GROUP 1, NO. 8905)
- New Chrome Plated Piston Ring Sets/Installation (GROUP 1, NO. 9103)
- Valve Stem Seals Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- 2.5/2.7/3.0/5.0L Eng Valve Seal Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- 2.5L Eng Standardized Replacement Piston Rings (GROUP 1, NO. 9103)
- Engine Mount - New Type - Installation & Checking (GROUP 1, NO. 9011)
- Connecting Rod Nuts Incorrectly Made (GROUP 1, NO. 9014)
- Fuel Hose/Rail Leak - Replacement (GROUP 2, NO. 9001)
- Oil Cooler Leakage Testing - P200A Tool Adaptation (GROUP 1, NO. 8907)
- Toothed Belt Cover Venting Elimination (GROUP 1, NO. 8910)
- Bearing Failure/Metal In Oil - Cleaning/Valve Repair (GROUP 1, NO. 8802)
- New Thin Shank Cast Connecting Rods (GROUP 1, NO. 8818)
- New Oil Cooler O-Rings/Pressure Testing Cooler (GROUP 1, NO. 8813)
- New Mechanical Camshaft Belt TENSIONER (GROUP 1, NO. 8812)
- Engine Changes - Pistons/Connecting Rods/Oil Valve (GROUP 1, NO. 8803)
- Poly Rib Belt New TENSIONING Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 8804)
- Oil Intake Pipe New Seal (GROUP 1, NO. 8724)
- 2.5L Eng Poor Cold Performance - Modify Inlet Hose (GROUP 2, NO. 8714)
- 2.5L Eng High Idle/Low Co - Replace Air Bellows (GROUP 2, NO. 8705)
- Main Bearing Torque Specifications (GROUP 1, NO. 8709)
- Cylinder Head Parts Charts/Tightening (GROUP 1, NO. 8703)
- Short Block Installation - Modification/Parts (GROUP 1, NO. 8702)
- 16V Eng Hydraulic Lifter Noise - Diagnosis/Repair (GROUP 1, NO. 8626)
- Engine Rebuild/Damage Repair - Check Intake System (GROUP 2, NO. 8603)
- Cleaning Of Main Channel In Engine Block (GROUP 1, NO. 8614)
- Checking Hydro-Engine Mounts (GROUP 1, NO. 8607)
- Modification Of Oil Filter Wrench - P9204 (GROUP 1, NO. 8609)
- Cylinder Head Updated Torque Specs & Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 8530)
- New Camshaft Seal/Sleeve (GROUP 1, NO. 8531)
- L-JETRONIC Models Fuel Injector Applications (GROUP 2, NO. 8503)
- Alternator & A/C Compressor New Wider Poly-Rib Belt (GROUP 1, NO. 8509)
- Camshaft Drive Belt New TENSIONER Mount (GROUP 1, NO. 8502)
- New Camshaft Drive Belt & Adjustment (GROUP 1, NO. 8508)
- New Hydraulic Engine Mounts (GROUP 1, NO. 8507)
- Poor Eng Performance - Intake System Leak Check (GROUP 2, NO. 8502)
- Crankshaft Main Bearings Modification (GROUP 1, NO. 8505)
- Camshaft Drive Belt Damage - Modified Cover (GROUP 1, NO. 8504)
- New Connecting Rods & Nuts (GROUP 1, NO. 8503)
- 2.5L Eng Oil Pressure Relief Valve Service (GROUP 1, NO. 9017)
- Fuel Injector Cleaning Procedure (GROUP 2, NO. 8510)
- New Balance Shaft Spur Belt - Installation Tip (GROUP 1, NO. 8409)
- New Spur Belt Identification/Installation (GROUP 13, NO. 8403)
- Oil Cooler Housing Blind Plug Leak - LOCTITE (GROUP 1, NO. 8408)
- Oil Pan Oil Leak - Resealing With SILASTIC 730 RTV (GROUP 1, NO. 9005)
- Spur Belt Cover Modification (GROUP 1, NO. 8407)
- Spur Belt Tension Checking/Adjustment (GROUP 15, NO. 8404)
- Mechanical - Hydraulic
- Vehicle Fluid Analysis Program (USA Only) (GROUP 0, NO. 0403)
- Climate Control Refrigerant R134A/ R12 SUBSTITUE (GROUP 8, NO. 10/97)
- 2.0/2.4/2.7/3.0/4.5/4.7/5.0/5.4L Eng - App. Coolant (GROUP 1, NO. 9408)
- Brake Pedal Pulse/Vibration - Disc/Wheel Hub Run-Out (GROUP 4, NO. 9203)
- Hand Brake Shoe Retainer Spring Installation Caution (GROUP 4, NO. 8911)
- Brake Squeak/Noise - Normal Operation (GROUP 4, NO. 8906)
- Brakes Pulling - Calipers Repair/Lubrication (GROUP 4, NO. 8901)
- New Asbestos-Free Brake Pads Applications/R & R (GROUP 4, NO. 8810)
- Brake Pad New Retaining Pins/Spring Locks (GROUP 4, NO. 8803)
- Brake Pad Installation Hardware (GROUP 4, NO. 8709)
- New Brake Pad Applications (GROUP 4, NO. 8704)
- New Brake Pads Application (GROUP 4, NO. 8614)
- Brake Fluid Change - Use Dot 4 Type (GROUP 47, NO. 8401)
- Mirrors
- Paint & Coatings
- Passive Restraints
- Procedures
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C40 Engine Oils (04/23) (GROUP 1, NO. 1701)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (47/19) (GROUP 1, NO. 47-19)
- Recommended Engine Oils For Classic Vehicles (13/14) (GROUP 01, NO. 13/14)
- Allocation Of Approved Engine Oils (05/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 05/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (03/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 03/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C20 Engine Oils (01/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 01/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (02/19) (GROUP 01, NO. 02/19)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (38/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 38/18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (37/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 37-18)
- Allocation Of Approved Engine Oils (33/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 33-18)
- Allocation Of Approved Engine Oils (07/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 07-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE A40 Engine Oils (10/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 10-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C20 Engine Oils (08/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 08-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C30 Engine Oils (09/18) (GROUP 1, NO. 09-18)
- Overview Of Approved PORSCHE C40 Engine Oils (22/17) (GROUP 1, NO. 22-17)
- Rear Suspension
- Restraints Control Systems
- Schedule
- Seats
- Starter
- Steering Column
- Steering Control Systems
- Steering Gear
- Steering Linkage
- Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
- Suspension Control Systems
- System
- New Diagnostic Equipment Info - Fluke 98 Application (9705)
- Engine Troubleshooting/Diagnosis: New Analyzer (GROUP N/A, NO. 9303)
- Cylinder Head Gaskets/4 & 8 Cylinder Engines (GROUP 1, NO. 9209)
- Spark Plug Thread Lubrication (GROUP 2, NO. 9102)
- Valve Stem Seals Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- 2.5/2.7/3.0/5.0L Eng Valve Seal Replacement (GROUP 1, NO. 9104)
- Aftermarket Fuel/Ignition Control Microchips Warning (GROUP 2, NO. 9008)
- Co Sample Pipe - Material & Mounting Change (GROUP 2, NO. 9007)
- Fuel Hose/Rail Leak - Replacement (GROUP 2, NO. 9001)
- Approved Spark Plugs Chart (GROUP 2, NO. 8805)
- CEC Unit/Coding Plug/Adapter Plug/O2 Sensors Chart (GROUP 2, NO. 8806)
- New Oil Cooler O-Rings/Pressure Testing Cooler (GROUP 1, NO. 8813)
- Oil Intake Pipe New Seal (GROUP 1, NO. 8724)
- 2.5L Eng Poor Cold Performance - Modify Inlet Hose (GROUP 2, NO. 8714)
- 2.5L Eng High Idle/Low Co - Replace Air Bellows (GROUP 2, NO. 8705)
- Cylinder Head Parts Charts/Tightening (GROUP 1, NO. 8703)
- Spark Plug Applications (GROUP 2, NO. 8608)
- Battery Discharging - Prevention/Storage (GROUP 2, NO. 8601)
- Cylinder Head Updated Torque Specs & Procedure (GROUP 1, NO. 8530)
- New Camshaft Seal/Sleeve (GROUP 1, NO. 8531)
- Spark Plug Applications (GROUP 2, NO. 8506)
- Basic Emission Equipment & Tune-Up Specifications (GROUP 1, NO. 8520)
- Engine Run-On/Dieseling - Install Diode (GROUP 2, NO. 8505)
- L-JETRONIC Models Fuel Injector Applications (GROUP 2, NO. 8503)
- Poor Eng Performance - Intake System Leak Check (GROUP 2, NO. 8502)
- Fuel Injector Cleaning Procedure (GROUP 2, NO. 8510)
- Oil Pan Oil Leak - Resealing With SILASTIC 730 RTV (GROUP 1, NO. 9005)
- Tune-Up Specifications (GROUP 1, NO. 8405)
- Transfer Case
- Transmission Control Systems
- Vacuum Pumps/Lines/Tanks/Water Trap
- Wheels & Tire System
- Winter Tire Summary Supplement (GROUP 4, NO. 3/02)
- WARRNTY Handling - The Tire Rack Program (9801)
- Wheel Balancing Adapters - Equipment Info (9704)
- Winter Tire & Wheel Rims: New Specifications (GROUP 4, NO. 9505)
- Tires: Manufacturer Contacts (GROUP 4, NO. 9314)
- Tire Changing: New Machine (GROUP N/A, NO. 9302)
- 18 Inch Wheel Installation Not Approved (GROUP 4, NO. 9305)
- Stationary Wheel Balancing: New Centering Adapter (GROUP N/A, NO. 9301)
- Mounting 17" Tires - Care To Prevent Damage (GROUP 4, NO. 9202)
- Winter Tire/Wheel Rim Summary (GROUP 4, NO. 9101)
- Winter Tire/Wheel Rim Summary (GROUP 4, NO. 9004)
- Chrome Plating PORSCHE Aluminum Road Wheels (GROUP 4, NO. 9011)
- VR Summer Tires (GROUP 4, NO. 8910)
- Turbo S Wheels - Do Not Install (GROUP 4, NO. 8806)
- Used Vehicle Storage (GROUP 0, NO. 8802)
- GOODYEAR "N0" Tires (GROUP 4, NO. 8710)
- BRIDGESTONE R E 71 Tires (GROUP 4, NO. 8611)
- GOODYEAR Summer Tires 205/55 VR16 & 225/50 VR16 (GROUP 4, NO. 8508)
- Summer Tires - Wheel Rim Summary (GROUP 4, NO. 8505)
- Cleaning Of Light Alloy Wheels (GROUP 4, NO. 8504)
- New Space Saver Spare Wheel (GROUP 4, NO. 8503)
- Summer Tire And Wheel Rim Summary (GROUP 44, NO. 84-05)
- Window Motors & Regulators
- Wiper/Washer Systems
- Wiring System (Data Link Connectors, Pwr Dist., Grnd Dist.)