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Engaging The Pinion

Fig 1: Identifying Starter Motor Relay, TCM, ECM, Control Solenoid & CEM
GLL117533Courtesy of VOLVO CARS CORPORATION

When the ignition key is turned to position III, the starter motor relay (2/35) receives power at terminal 86. If the immobilizer check is OK, then the engine control module (ECM) grounds the relay at terminal 85 and the relay is activated. Control solenoid terminal 6/25:2 is powered from relay terminal 87. This creates a magnetic field in hold-in and pull-in winding. This moves the moving steel core. When the core shifts a lever, fixed in the end of the core, presses the starter motor pinion to engage in the ring gear on the flywheel/flange.

The pull-in winding is grounded through the rotor and carbon brushes. This ground connection is lost when the moving switches close the circuit and the current passes from the solenoid to the starter motor.