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X3 xDrive28d
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Functional Descriptions - F25 - Cooling System, Engine Performance
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Engine Performance - Functional Description
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Detection of air mass deviations
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Air mass deviations
July 1:
So it begins
. Don't worry, this is not in the correct legal jurisdiction!
Air mass deviations
Fig 1: Air Mass Deviations Signal Waveform
Courtesy of BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, INC.