Included Angle

Included angle is sum of S.A.I. angle plus or minus camber angle, depending on whether or not wheel has positive or negative camber. See Figure. If camber is positive, add camber angle to S.A.I. angle. If camber is negative, subtract camber angle from S.A.I. angle. Included angle is not adjustable, but can be used to diagnose a frame misalignment or bent suspension component (spindle, strut).