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Structure and inner electrical connection

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A piezo element is an electromechanical converter. The piezo element is a type of ceramic that converts electrical energy directly into mechanical energy (power/travel). The piezo element expands when voltage is applied. This creates the stroke of the nozzle needle. To achieve a greater stroke, a piezo element can be structured in a number of layers.

Fig 1: Injection System - Circuit Diagram
G09909868Courtesy of BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, INC.
Index Explanation
1 Injection system
PIN REFERENCE

Pin Explanation
160 V Voltage supply to injector (stepped up)
Terminal 31E Electronics earth (ground), injector activation