Closed Loop

The specific values for the above conditions vary with different engines and are stored in the Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM). When these conditions are met, the system goes into "closed loop" operation. In "closed loop", the ECM calculates the air/fuel ratio (fuel injector on-time) based on the signals from the oxygen sensors. This allows the air/fuel ratio to stay very close to 14.7 to 1.